Translator's etiquette principle
1. Make full preparations before work.
Translators should make full preparations before work, make clear the requirements of translation tasks, understand relevant background knowledge, such as customers' language, cultural background, interest characteristics, etc., wear appropriate clothes, arrive at the scene in advance, be familiar with the working environment, and be equipped with relevant equipment.
2. Serious and sincere working attitude.
Only by being earnest can the translator ensure the accuracy of translation. In the process of translation, the translator does not add or delete the content without authorization, nor does he add personal opinions to the content, and takes notes on the main points of the conversations and speeches of relevant personnel. If you don't hear clearly or have questions, please ask the other party to repeat and apologize. Don't translate subjectively.
3. Stick to the priority.
We must respect the responsible personnel present and strictly obey their leadership. In formal talks and negotiations, except for the main speaker and his designated speaker, other people's interjections and speeches can only be translated with the consent of the main speaker.
4. Treat people with courtesy.
In contact with foreigners, we should grasp the discretion. If the other party makes an off-schedule request, we should report it to the superior in time, and don't promise or refuse it without authorization. If the other party makes a wrong opinion to the interpreter alone, explain it realistically or report it to the superior in time on the premise that the other party does not know the specific situation and has no malice.
Translator's etiquette precautions
First, punctuality and trustworthiness.
Punctuality is very important in interpretation, which is different from translation. There is no need to meet with translators, and the manuscripts that need to be translated can be distributed directly to the corresponding translators through the network, which is fast and convenient. Interpreters must be on time, translate through video in time, and never slack off. Therefore, in all kinds of accompanying translation, it should be noted that the interpreter should be in place on time. For example, if someone accompanies a meeting, the translator will arrive halfway, which will not only affect the integrity of the translation company and translators themselves, but also bring unnecessary troubles and losses to customers. Therefore, in interpretation and translation, the translator must have a sense of time. If there are other irresistible external causes, it is necessary to inform customers in time to avoid unnecessary misunderstandings and losses.
Second, etiquette.
Etiquette is what interpreters must pay attention to and possess. In the process of interpretation, translators often represent not only themselves, but also their own translation companies and their clients, such as various business translators, conference escorts, exhibition escorts, etc. Translators may represent the image of a company or even a country. Therefore, translators must pay attention to their own behaviors and expressions in translation. Clothing conversation is also a manifestation of etiquette, and translators need to choose their own clothes and wording according to the occasion. For example, in more formal and serious occasions, you may need to dress formally and interpret it in more formal language. For example, in some entertainment places, you can dress casually.
Third, be well prepared.
After receiving the interpretation task, you must make good preparations before translation, both psychologically and professionally. Reserve some related vocabulary and professional knowledge, be familiar with the clients you are about to face and the translation you are about to do, and be mentally prepared so as to complete the next translation work in the best state.
Fourth, establish good self-confidence and have certain debating ability.
In interpretation and translation, unexpected situations are inevitable. Sometimes, interpreters will be extremely nervous and not play well because of panic and accidents. At this time, the more flustered, the more difficult it is to translate. Therefore, translators need to establish good self-confidence, no matter what kind of occasions and people they face, they need to trust their translation ability 100%. Calmly and calmly deal with all emergencies. This is also a test of the interpreter's ability to deal with emergencies, not only to know how to keep calm in an emergency, but also to play a mediating role when there are some language conflicts or embarrassing scenes between the two sides. Translators can skillfully use language to solve this conflict and embarrassment in the process of translation.
Fifth, the brain and notes are used organically.
Interpretation not only tests the translator's language ability, but also tests his memory. In the process of translation, the interpreter needs to convey the meaning of the speaker in a very short time. In this communication process, the interpreter needs to remember the speaker's language first, then translate it into another language in his brain, and then express the speaker's words in another language. In addition to some other professional factors, memory is also an extremely important factor in this process. Many times, people's memory takes some time. For example, the speaker sometimes talks a lot and forgets to pause, and the translator may miss it. At this time, it is very difficult or even unrealistic to take notes with your brain, so you should take notes and remember key sentences. Only by using the brain and notes organically can we express the speaker's meaning more comprehensively and appropriately, so as not to miss important information and cause problems.
Of course, the premise of paying attention to the above five points is that the basic language skills are solid, the language cultivation is in place, and the knowledge is extensive. On this basis, the above small details may also affect the translation effect. It is also something that is easily overlooked. Some interpreters feel that they have real talent and learning, and there is nothing to be afraid of, but often details determine success or failure, and sometimes these small details may also affect the effect of interpretation. Therefore, in interpretation and translation, translators need to pay more attention to the above small details. Only in this way can we ensure a better translation effect. Only in this way can one's language talent be brought into full play.
Extended reading 1 world famous translation association
1 International Association of Conference Interpreters
The International Association of Conference Interpreters (AIIC) is the only professional association of conference interpreters in the world, and the membership of AIIC is widely regarded as the highest professional certification of conference interpreters. At present, the total number of AIIC interpreters in the world is only over 2,600. When looking at an interpreter in a school, the first thing to look at is the number of AIIC members, because everyone in AIIC is ruthlessly forged in the high-temperature melting pot of simultaneous interpretation in countless large international conferences.
2. EU simultaneous interpretation degree institutions
The Master of European Conference Interpreting (EMCI) is a pilot master's program created by the General Interpretation Service of the European Union and the European Conference Interpreting Department in 1997, aiming at training high-level conference interpreters. This course has become the benchmark for the training of conference interpreters in the EU!
3. School of Translation and Interpretation
British Institute of Translation. Interpretation, abbreviated as ITI, is the only institution in Britain that trains translation and interpretation professionals. At present, there are more than 3,000 members who are proficient in 100 languages and dialects from all over the world.
4. Chartered Institute of Languages
Founded in 19 10, CIOL is one of the most influential non-governmental professional translation institutions in Europe. At present, the association has more than 600 members, including members from AIIC and ITI. Full members are highly recognized by Commonwealth countries and can obtain Australian national translation certificate without examination.
5. International Federation of University Translation Colleges
Conf？ International Standing Conference of Translation Institute? Tes, CIUTI for short, was established in 196 1, and is an international authoritative translation education certification institution. It brings together 40 top translation schools in the world from 18 countries, including the School of Translation of Geneva University in Switzerland, the School of Advanced Translation of Paris in France, the School of Advanced Translation of Monterrey in the United States, and the School of Advanced Translation of Beijing Foreign Studies University in China, Beijing Foreign Studies University, Shanghai International Studies University and Guangzhou Foreign Studies University.
Extended reading 2 ancient translators
The earliest translators appeared in the Zhou Dynasty. It was not easy to do translation in ancient times. You should not only know many dialects, but even risk your life.
The earliest translators appeared in the Zhou Dynasty. At that time? Translation? Full-time engaged in the translation of northern national languages. Book of rites? King system record:? The people of the five parties don't understand the language and have different appetites. Reach for ambition, over desire, the east says send, the south says image, the west says Rudy, and the north says translation. ? Among them, sending, elephant and Di brigade are also translation work.
Compared with today, translators at that time were more like messengers who understood dialects and were responsible for conveying the king's words to neighboring countries. What if? All countries come to Korea? Nature is also responsible for teaching etiquette and translating for the king.
In ancient times, translators who were proficient in many languages were rare. In the Book of the Later Han Dynasty? There is such a passage in the biography of Nan Man: To the south of the toe is Shang Yue. Zhou Gongju was photographed in the ritual and music system for six years, and the world was at peace. Shang Yue proved his innocence by retranslating three images. Retranslation of three images? Is to turn three languages in a row. Shang Yue is probably the crossing area today.
It can be understood that, in order to pay tribute to the white matter, the language of Vietnamese emissaries has gone through the process of spreading from Vietnamese to Cantonese, Hunan dialect, Hubei dialect and Shaanxi dialect that Zhou Wenwang can understand. This white material was later enshrined in the Temple of King Wen, and the Duke of Zhou also played a song "Shang Yue Cao" on a whim, which was circulated for thousands of years. However, it is not clear what kind of tribute flattery has turned into.
1, representative of Xiao Shenyang
The emperor was naturally happy when foreigners came to pay tribute, and the role of translator was sometimes favored by the emperor. Xiao Shenyang, a famous corrupt official in Qing Dynasty, is such a rare language genius.
Xiao Shenyang is very clever since he was a child. At the age of 65,438+00, he was selected to study in Xian 'an Palace. He is knowledgeable and has a deep memory. Only one person is proficient in Chinese, Manchu, Mongolian and Tibetan. Unofficial history always said that little Shenyang was beautiful, just like the dead concubine of Qianlong. Who became North Korea? First favorite? . As a matter of fact, the ubiquitous little Shenyang is really talented and has done several beautiful things for the Qing court.
Because of its unique language advantage, Xiao Shenyang often used many languages in minority areas to help Gan Long draft imperial edicts and translate manuscripts submitted to the imperial court. 1780 (forty-five years after Qianlong), he was also responsible for receiving diplomatic envoys from Korea, Britain, Annan (Vietnam), Siam (Thailand), Myanmar, Ryukyu (Okinawa) and Nanzhang (Laos) for many times. After all? Those who are familiar with the banter characters in Chen Gong are extremely difficult to deal with, but Xiao Shenyang can handle such things as? .
1792 (57th year of Qianlong), a British delegation of more than 800 people led by Macartney visited China with letters and generous gifts from King George III to Emperor China, hoping to establish normal diplomatic relations with the Qing Dynasty and further expand trade with China.
As the main person in charge of reception in Qing dynasty, Xiao Shenyang faithfully carried out the "Qianlong" policy. Don't be careless, don't be too preferential, turn it into light? Explain that you are meticulous with foreigners.
The two sides clashed over the etiquette of the audience, but the British mission insisted on kneeling down to see His Majesty? Three kneeling and nine knocking? The two sides are deadlocked, or did Xiao Shenyang persuade Gan Long to avoid the British mission? Three worships and nine knocks are of course the etiquette for foreigners to kiss the royal hand. It can be seen that Xiao Shenyang not only knows English, but also knows a little about western etiquette.
2. Representative Gan Fu
Sometimes translation requires high martial arts and can reach the best level of special forces.
Although accompanying a gentleman is like accompanying a tiger, compared with the official translators above the temple, most of the translators who accompany diplomatic envoys to distant foreign lands are recruited by the people, and the work risk coefficient is not generally large. Desert Gobi, snow-capped mountains and grasslands, camping in the wind is simply commonplace. Such translation requires not only strong physique, but also high martial arts, which can reach the best level of special forces.
In 126 BC, 38-year-old Zhang Qian returned to Chang 'an with his Hun wife and entourage who had left 13 years ago. In those years, the massive 100-member expedition withered and two people survived. Later generations remembered Zhang Qian, but neglected the translator Gan Fu, who translated, guarded and guided all the way.
According to the patchwork of historical data, we can speculate that Gan Fu, originally a Xiongnu soldier, was probably captured by the Han army in a battle in 166 BC (the 14th year of Emperor Wen) and was given to Emperor Wen's son-in-law Hou as a domestic slave. In BC 138, when Gan Tang was ordered to go to Zhang Qian to be the ambassador of the Yue family, Gan Tang had been working in the Tang Yi Houfu for more than 20 years, and he was already familiar with the life of the Han Dynasty and became a loyal old slave in the Tang Yi Houfu.
Therefore, when Zhang Qian recruited missions from the Western Regions, Emperor Wu immediately thought of the old slaves of his father-in-law's family. Don't underestimate him. This guy is not only proficient in western languages, but also a sniper of special forces level. Is it clearly recorded in Historical Records? Good shot? With strong physique and martial arts, Gan Fu became an important member of the 100-member scientific research team.
Just who also didn't expect, large forces from west gansu to hexi corridor, captured by tarquin team, and was under house arrest for ten years. Zhang Qian was forced to marry and have children in Xiongnu Wang Ting, and the number of his followers dropped sharply. When the only remaining party escaped from the civil strife in Xiongnu and set foot on the road to the west again, they were still faced with the dilemma of lack of water and food, and many followers fell dead on the way.
But at least there is another sniper, Ganfu, who can kill animals to satisfy his hunger and help Zhang Qian tide over the difficulties. It can be said that without Gan Fu, a loyal protector, Zhang Qian would have been buried in the mountains and deserts, and the world west of Yumenguan would have been a blank for the Han people.
3. The representative of Ma Huan.
Ma Huan, fluent in Arabic and Persian, created the famous official title "Ying Ya Sheng Lan".
One Land, One Sea and Two Silk Roads * * * isomorphically became two main arteries of China's ancient foreign trade. As a follower of foreign trade, Ma Huan, the general manager of the Ming Dynasty who accompanied Zheng He to the Western Seas, left many stories for later generations, which were different from those recorded by Gan Fu in Historical Records.
Ma Huan is a Muslim of Hui nationality. Because he is proficient in Arabic and Persian, he went to the West with Zheng He's fleet for three times, and at the same time shouldered the heavy responsibility of foreign affairs translation and Chinese culture dissemination.
1432, when he sailed to Guri (now India) for the last time, it happened that the Guri delegation was going to make a pilgrimage to Mecca in the Arab Kingdom (now Saudi Arabia). Therefore, eunuch Hongbao sent Ma Huan and other seven people to form a China mission team, and sailed for three months with musk, porcelain and other utensils.
During his three months in Mecca, Ma Huan saw the magnificent worship of the Temple of Heaven and all kinds of exotic animals he had never seen before. Do people in China observe the canon? ,? Folk custom and beauty? Do you have to make him feel like he's here? Elysium? . Before he left, he not only bought rare treasures such as Kirin (giraffe) and ostrich, which were deeply loved by China princes and nobles, but also drew a real map of heaven, which is said to be the earliest map of Mecca in China.
Starting from 14 16, Ma Huan began to record the routes, geography and political customs of 20 countries that he had experienced personally. After 35 years' efforts, Ma Huan, a donkey friend, has finally become a big V, and his official name "Ying Ya Sheng Lan" has also become an important information to introduce Asian and African countries.
This book describes many strange foreign folk customs in detail. For example, after washing their faces every morning, Guri people paint their foreheads and thighs with cow dung ash three times each. Young Siamese men are circumcised and inlaid with more than a dozen tin beads, while rich people are inlaid with hollow gold beads, taking pride in their actions.
To commemorate the famous donkey friend V, an island in the north of Nansha Islands was named Mahuan Island.