master's degree
Master of Science in Natural and Engineering Technology
Diplom was originally used as a certificate to reward outstanding achievements or pass exams, and later gradually evolved into a degree. This degree was first awarded in 1899. It was first applied to students who passed the graduation examination of industrial universities, and then gradually extended to other types of universities, and officially became a law degree in 1939. At present, students majoring in natural science, engineering science, social science and economic science can graduate and be awarded a master's degree in natural and engineering technology after meeting the professional requirements stipulated in the study regulations, completing their master's thesis and passing a series of oral and written tests. Their major direction is usually attached to the degree, such as Diplom-lngenieur and diploma-mathe-matiker-horse body.
In addition, some degrees are awarded by the National Examination Committee, such as the Master of Physical Education (Diplom-Sportlehrer) and the Master of Library Science (Diplom-Bibliothckar), while some majors can also be awarded by private institutions, such as Diplom-Kosmetikerin. Degree holders have professional expertise and are qualified to start their own businesses or work in various professional fields in industry and economic circles.
Master of arts and social sciences
The word teacher comes from Latin, which means? Teacher? It used to be the highest degree in each department, and it was also the title of a full-fledged college teacher, which is no different from the doctoral title. In the17th century, it was only the title of a teacher, but in the middle of the19th century, the word disappeared in Germany. From 1957, Magister was reintroduced to the then Federal Republic of Germany as a master's degree in humanities and social sciences, which has been used ever since. Students majoring in humanities and some social sciences can be awarded a master's degree in humanities and social sciences as long as they pass the postgraduate examination in humanities and social sciences. Different from the master of science in natural science and engineering technology, the majors studied are not attached to the degree, and they are all called master of humanities and social sciences.
Doctoral degree (doctor)
The doctorate is the highest degree in Germany. Chartered teaching qualification? The qualification examination is a qualification examination specially designed for doctors. The doctor who has passed this examination is qualified to teach in colleges and universities and has the basic conditions to become a professor.
Unlike China's university system, German universities don't? Doctor's degree All university professors can be doctoral supervisors. Therefore, in theory, all students who have obtained a first-class degree can apply for doctoral degrees in German universities, and usually do not need to take the qualification examination, but there is a prerequisite, that is, the applicant must have excellent grades and must first find a doctoral tutor. Doktowatt. Or? Doktomut? He either suggests the topic of the thesis to the students applying for doctoral degree, or accepts the topic suggested by the applicant.