The outstanding cultures in different historical periods in Guizhou are as follows: ① Pre-provincial culture: In the Paleolithic period, the stone tools and bone implements in Guizhou embodied the original plastic arts. During the Warring States period, a unique "Yelang culture" including bronze and ceramics was formed. In the early years of the Western Han Dynasty, a number of famous historical and cultural figures appeared, such as Sheren, Sheng Lan, the author of Er Ya Zhu, and Yin Zhen, an educator in the Eastern Han Dynasty. During the Eastern Han Dynasty, song and dance prevailed. During the Sui and Tang Dynasties, Confucian culture spread, and there was a cultural phenomenon of "beating gongs and drums, playing big horns, singing and dancing", and Buddhist culture was also introduced. After Song and Yuan Dynasties, Deng and Nuo cultures entered Guizhou. In the early Ming Dynasty, the entertainment forms such as singing and dancing, storytelling and singing, as well as local operas, lanterns and Nuo dances took root in Guizhou, forming a unique Tunpu culture. In the Ming Dynasty, Wang Yangming realized the academic thought of "unity of knowledge and action" and "to conscience" in Guizhou, and formed the phenomenon of "Yangming culture".

② Qing culture. In the Qing Dynasty, the beach culture, which dominated the southwest culture of China, rose in northern Guizhou, leaving China with rich ideological, moral, cultural and artistic heritage. There are two creative climaxes in poetry, drama, calligraphy and painting, cliff stone carving, architectural art and so on, with unique styles. Religious culture includes Catholicism and Christianity. From 65438 to 0907, Zhou Suyuan founded Qianbao, the first daily newspaper in the province. 1909, Zhang Bailin and others hosted Southwest Daily, Zunyi established an official bookstore, and Guiyang established a private Wentong bookstore.

③ Republic of China culture. The reform thought was introduced into Guizhou in the late Qing Dynasty. After the outbreak of the Revolution of 1911, new cultural ideas spread rapidly in Guizhou. 19 1 1 year, Huang Qisheng wrote a sensational patriotic historical drama He Dabu Bridge. 19 13 years, Guiyang gentleman Zhang Chunshan and others built a theater "Guizhou Stage" and introduced Beijing Opera to Guizhou. Sichuan Opera Artists Wei Xiangting and Xiong Kunshan founded Sichuan Opera Class in Guizhou. In the 1920s, provincial libraries and private libraries such as Guiyang, Zunyi and Anshun were established to show films in the open air. In 1930s, the Red Army of Workers and Peasants moved to Guizhou, leaving behind many sites and remains, forming a famous "Long March Culture" at home and abroad. During the Anti-Japanese War, crosstalk, northern storytelling and Henan pendant also flowed into Guizhou. There are "Gabafu" tracks in ethnic minority songs, which reflect the slogan of "helping the rich and helping the poor" written by the Chinese Red Army of Workers and Peasants when crossing the Taijiang River. The progressive groups Guiyang Shatuo Amateur Drama Club and Zhuguang Music Research Association have performed a large number of progressive dramas and music works in Guiyang to promote anti-Japanese and national salvation. The underground organization of China's * * * production party has published secret newspapers such as Truth, Lighthouse and People's First Team. Ma Sicong, a famous violinist, served as the second curator of Guizhou Provincial Art Museum during his stay in Guizhou.

④ Contemporary Guizhou culture. After the liberation of Guizhou, the comprehensive construction of cultural undertakings began with emphasis and step by step. 1949 65438+On February 26th, the People's Government of Guizhou Province was established, and the Culture and Education Department was established. 1On October 28th, Qian Xin Daily, the organ newspaper of Guizhou Provincial Party Committee, was officially published. Guizhou People's Broadcasting Station, Xinhua Bookstore Guizhou Branch and Guizhou People's Publishing House were established on 1950. From 65438 to 0953, the Federation of Literary and Art Workers in Guizhou Province was established, and the literary periodicals New Guizhou Literature and Art, Guizhou Pictorial and Writing New Songs were founded. From 65438 to 0956, the preparatory committees of writers' associations, artists' associations, dramatists' associations and musicians' associations in Guizhou were established one after another. Published a number of outstanding works with great influence in the whole country. From 65438 to 0965, there were 33 professional troupes in the province. 1958 Provincial Museum officially completed and opened. 1960 Provincial Archives was put into use. The construction of various cultural facilities has laid a good foundation for the development of socialist cultural undertakings in Guizhou. Various art groups created and performed Guizhou dramas "The Beauty of Qin Niang", "The Lady of Luxury Fragrance" and "Seven Sisters and the Snake Lang", which caused great repercussions. After the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee, Guizhou's cultural undertakings have flourished, and writers' associations, literary theory research rooms, urban sculpture studios, Guizhou College of Literature and other institutions have been established one after another, including writers, fine arts, drama, music and dance, calligraphy, acrobatics, folk art, movies, television, photography, folk literature and so on. A large number of outstanding works have been published in literary journals such as Mountain Flower, South Wind and Voice of Miao Ling, and a number of outstanding writers and artists have emerged. Brilliant achievements have been made in press and publication, radio, film and television, cultural relics and natural history.

The achievements of Guizhou's cultural development are as follows: ① literary and artistic prosperity. In terms of literary creation, a group of outstanding writers have created a large number of influential works in China, such as Time Wasted and Heartfelt. In terms of national folk literature, * * * has compiled more than 220 volumes of materials, published more than 60 related works, and published more than 20 research collections and monographs. In drama, he produced award-winning films such as TV series Huang Qisheng and Wang Ruofei, Zunyi Conference, Deng Xiaoping at 1950, and Raise Your Smiling Face. Dramas "February Day" and "Wuka" won the "Peacock Award" for national minority script creation, and many local operas, Peking Opera, folk songs and dances, children's ballet and acrobatics won various awards.

② Press and publication, radio and television are changing with each passing day. In terms of press and publication, there are 17 kinds of comprehensive newspapers such as Guizhou Daily, Guizhou Metropolis Daily and Guiyang Evening News, 87 kinds of various publications and magazines, and 530 new books. In radio and television, four high-power TV transmitting stations and more than 20 medium-power TV relay stations have been established, and cable radio stations and cable TV stations have been established. The coverage rate of TV population is 90.5%, and that of broadcast population is 83.3%.

③ The construction of characteristic culture has achieved remarkable results. With the construction of the province's characteristic cultural belt, folk songs and dances, children's art, acrobatics, fine arts, Nuo opera and local operas have begun to go global.

④ gratifying achievements have been made in the protection of cultural relics and the declaration of intangible cultural heritage. In terms of cultural relics protection, there are more than 2,300 cultural relics protection units in the province. Among them, the national key cultural relics protection units include Zunyi Conference Site, Zunyi Yang Can Tomb, Zhenyuan Qinglong Cave, Congjiang Zengchong Drum Tower, Leishan Langde Shangzhai Ancient Building Complex, Xifeng Concentration Camp Site, Fuquan Ming City Wall, Zunyi Hailongtun, Qianxi Guanyindong Site, Hezhang Leke Site, Anshun Confucian Temple, Shiqian Wanshou Palace, Pingba Tiantai Mountain, Liping Building Fengyu Bridge, Bijie Datun Tusi Manor, and so on. Guiyang Jiaxiulou and Wenchang Pavilion, Xiuwen Yangming Cave and Guiyang Yangming Temple, Zhijin Ancient Building, Kaiyang Matouzhai Ancient Building, Tongren Dongshan Ancient Building, Songtao Zhaiying Ancient Building, Sinan Sitang Ancient Building, Ping Huang Feiyunya Ancient Building, Ping Huang Jiuzhou Ancient Building, Fuquan Ge Jing Bridge, Anshun Gu Ning Site, Wanshan Mercury Mine Site, Xingren Jiaolehan Formation, Liping Conference Site, Qiandong Special Zone Revolutionary Committee Site. With regard to the declaration of intangible cultural heritage, there are more than 30 national intangible cultural heritages approved by the State Council in 2006. In terms of national songs and dances, there are Miao ancient songs, Dong big songs, Dong pipa music, Buyi "eight-tone sitting singing", Buyi bronze drum twelve tunes, Miao sculpture, Miao Lusheng dance, Miao wooden drum dance and so on. In terms of ethnic festivals, there are Miao Drum and Tibetan Festival, Miao Sisters Festival, Dong Sama Festival, Shuiduan Festival, Buyi Chabaige Festival and Gelao Maolong Festival. In terms of national drama, there are Anshun local drama, Dejiang Tanzi drama, Sinan Lantern drama, Shiqian puppet show, Dong drama, Buyi drama, Yi people's Cuoji and so on. In terms of ethnic and folk crafts, there are Miao Diaojiaolou architecture, Miao batik, Miao embroidery, Miao silverware, Miao Lusheng production, Yuping flute production, water ponytail embroidery, Maotai liquor production technology, and leather paper production technology. In terms of national characters, there is a custom of writing with water.

⑤ Cultural infrastructure is improving day by day. By 2005, 95 cultural centers and art galleries, 9/kloc-0 public libraries and more than 0/000 township and street cultural stations have been built in the province. An automated and networked provincial library has been built, and it has a relatively complete modern comprehensive service system including literature consultation, information consultation, computer retrieval, multimedia reading, Internet interconnection, data development, audio-visual and microform services. The collection of books in libraries at all levels has also greatly increased.

⑥ The development of cultural industry is in the ascendant. After the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee, Guizhou's cultural industry has gradually developed and foreign cultural exchanges have become increasingly active. The output value of cultural industries in the whole province is increasing at the rate of 15% every year, reaching more than 60 million yuan in 2002. In 2004, the main business income of culture, sports and entertainment industry was 483 million yuan, and the total profit was 42 million yuan. Culture and art with distinctive local and ethnic characteristics have been introduced to more than 30 countries and regions in Asia, Africa, Europe and Latin America. In 2005, the first Huangguoshu Cup "Colorful Guizhou" singing contest promoted the large-scale national song and dance "Colorful Guizhou Customs" to enter the cultural market, and won high honors both inside and outside the province.