1. Analysis on the Structure of Scientific and Technological Talents in Geological Industry of Hebei Province
1. Structure of geological employees in Hebei Province
According to the survey and statistics of innovation team of geological industry in Hebei Province, before the end of July 2009, there were 16962 employees in geological industry in Hebei Province. Among all employees, there are 8636 employees in coal, metallurgy and non-ferrous industries, accounting for 50.9% of all employees. There are 78 local geological prospecting units17, accounting for 46.6438+0% of all employees; There are 509 employees in geological education and training institutions, accounting for 3.0% of all employees.
2. The proportion of geological professional and technical personnel to employees
Among the employees in the geological industry in Hebei Province, there are 3,623 geological professionals (middle and senior titles), accounting for 2 1.4% of the employees in the geological industry in the province (Figure 3- 10).
Fig. 3- 10 ratio of geological professional technicians to employees
3. Geological professional and technical personnel are divided into departments.
Among the 3,623 geological professionals in Hebei Province, there are coal, metallurgy and nonferrous metals 1.446, accounting for 39.9% of geological professionals. Local geological prospecting units 1929, accounting for 53.2% of all employees; There are 248 employees in geological education and training institutions, accounting for 6.9% of all employees (Table 3-4; Figure 3- 1 1).
Table 3-4 Distribution and proportion of geological exploration practitioners and geological professionals in Hebei Province
Figure 3- 1 1 Proportion Diagram of Geological Professional and Technical Personnel by Department
4. Academic structure
According to the survey, among the geological technicians in Hebei Province, there are 405 people with doctoral and master's degrees, accounting for 1 1.2% of the geological technicians. There are 3042 people with bachelor's degree, accounting for 84.0% of geological professional and technical personnel.
Second, the development status of scientific and technological talents in the geological industry
Through the investigation of the present situation of geological science and technology workers in Hebei Province, it can be found that the current geological science and technology team in Hebei Province is not only in terms of political and ideological quality, but also in terms of professional and technical quality; Team structure or layout; The ability of investigation and exploration, or engineering construction, is generally good, and it is a team that loves the motherland, dedicates itself to geology, and is innovative and pragmatic. It is a team that inherits and carries forward the traditional spirit of "three honors" (proud of dedication to geological cause, proud of hard work and proud of meritorious service in prospecting); Is a tough style, can fight hard, hard-working, dedicated team; It is a team that has made great contributions to finding and providing geological and mineral resources reserves and economic support for the country and Hebei Province. It is a team that can find and provide new geological and mineral bases and support for building a well-off society in an all-round way in the new century and new era, and can place hope, take responsibility, be reliable and rely on. This team has relatively complete structure, high overall quality and advanced technology and equipment, and has become the backbone and foundation for the development of geological work today and in the future.
Based on the present situation of the geological science and technology team in Hebei Province, how to lead this team well, how to unite and stabilize this team, how to further improve the overall quality of this team, how to motivate this team to find more mines, find good mines, find large mines and make more achievements, and how to rely on this team to create a new situation in geological work in Hebei Province. This is something that Party committees and governments at all levels in Hebei Province and leaders of various units in the geological prospecting industry need to face, pay serious attention to, study, explore and practice.
1. Main problems
According to the investigation of the present situation of the geological science and technology team in Hebei Province and the Decision of the State Council on Strengthening Geological Work (Guo Fa [2006] No.4 document), under the new situation that the geological work in Hebei Province presents historic opportunities, it should be said that there are still many unsuitable and unsatisfactory problems. These problems include the geological science and technology team itself, the small environment of industrial units and the social environment. To sum up, they mainly include:
First, the concept has not yet adapted. Because the geological prospecting industry has been in its own system for a long time and is relatively self-enclosed, in the face of the tide of reform and opening up and the establishment of the socialist market economic system, its ideas are still relatively backward, conservative, self-abased, striving for progress steadily, content with the status quo, and sometimes reflected in the ranks. The survey shows that more than 1/5 geological technicians are generally tolerant of labor disputes in the protection of rights and interests, which can be proved.
Second, the status and role are not suitable. Respect for knowledge and talents is recognized by the whole society and the whole industry, but the implementation of the intellectual policy is a long-term task, which can not be limited to words, but should be truly implemented in action and truly reflected in the actual effect of practice. According to this survey, the percentage of geological technicians who are treated unfairly is 10% ~ 30%, which fully reveals that there are still many weak links in the implementation of the intellectual policy in the geological prospecting industry, which has not been fully implemented.
Third, the gradient structure of the team is not suitable. There are few young geological scientists and technicians, and the tasks of geological projects (projects) are seriously short of staff. Not only the quantity is insufficient, but also the quality needs to be improved. There is a shortage of talents, especially the technical backbone in the field and the leading talents in the project (subject). Therefore, retirees can only be re-employed for many years to make up for the shortage of geological and scientific personnel.
Fourth, it is not suitable for geological work. The country and Hebei Province have an increasing demand for resources, which is urgent and insufficient. Some minerals are in short supply, especially large and super-large mineral bases. Although Hebei province has superior metallogenic conditions and great resource potential, the degree of investigation and exploration is low and the degree of development guarantee is low. Due to the serious shortage of investment, the project (subject) funds are tight. Therefore, to reverse the passive situation of geological work, it is difficult to change only by relying on the dedication of geological science and technology personnel. There is an urgent need for the state and Hebei Province to support policies, increase investment and strive for a new major breakthrough in geological work.
Fifth, the economic incentive mechanism is not suitable. The main reason is wages and benefits (including housing, social security, etc.). The titles of geological technicians in Hebei Province are low, and there are no strong policies and measures to reduce their work responsibilities, work pressures and life pressures. The worries of geologists are puzzling. In the long run, the situation of being restless, not contributing to the work and not being active will inevitably be reflected in geological and technical personnel, and even the brain drain will be hard to stop.
Sixth, the geological prospecting industry system does not adapt. The structural pattern formed in the history of geological prospecting industry has not been completely reformed. At present, team-based, enterprise management, public welfare geological work and commercial geological work run separately, and localized management and other reform measures fail to cure the symptoms, resulting in "joint efforts" and intensive management of the industry.
2. Solutions to problems
In view of the above-mentioned problems existing in the geological science and technology team of the geological industry in Hebei Province, we should pay attention to solving them from the following aspects: 1) Fully implement the spirit of the 18th CPC National Congress, and strengthen the construction of the geological science and technology team under the guidance of Scientific Outlook on Development. Strengthen the construction of geological science and technology team, including political construction, ideological construction, human capital construction, professional and technical ability construction, work style construction, professional ethics construction and spiritual civilization construction, comprehensively improve the overall quality of geological science and technology team, meet the needs of large geology, large mining industry and large development, and promote the development of geology and mineral industry in Hebei Province, the development of resource economy in Hebei Province, and the theoretical innovation and development of geological science and technology to a new level.
2) Thoroughly implement the State Council's decision on strengthening geological work, and earnestly strengthen and promote the management of geological exploration industry. Under the background of conscientiously implementing the spirit of the 17th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, thoroughly implementing the decisions of Scientific Outlook on Development and the State Council on strengthening geological work, adhering to the strategy of transforming superior resources, and speeding up the construction of new industrialization, the geological work in Hebei Province is facing a rare historical opportunity, with heavy tasks and great responsibilities, and geological technicians are the backbone forces shouldering historical heavy responsibilities. Therefore, to strengthen and improve the management of geological exploration industry, it is very important to mobilize the subjective initiative, enthusiasm and sense of responsibility of geological technicians, find more, better and bigger mines for the economic and social development of the country and Hebei Province, give full play to the advantages of resources, and truly build Hebei Province into a mining and supply base with advantages of coal resources, nonferrous metals and nonmetals and characteristic minerals.
3) Improve the status of geological technicians and attach importance to their role. Geological prospecting industry is a place where talents gather and elites gather, and it is a knowledge-intensive industry. The status and role of geological scientists and technicians, as well as the exertion of their knowledge, energy and intelligence, are related to the overall situation of geological work and even to the development of the whole resource economy. Therefore, it is necessary to put geological and scientific personnel in the backbone position, respect their labor, respect their creation, give them their due rights and interests, protect their rights and responsibilities, and make them have the right to work, integrate authority and responsibility, and unify responsibilities and rights.
4) Fully and faithfully implement the Party's intellectual policy. In the geological prospecting industry, to implement the Party's intellectual policy means to cultivate and nourish geological scientists and technicians with the Party's policies, to warm them with the Party's policies, to inspire them with the Party's policies, to protect their rights and interests with the Party's policies, to relieve their worries, to unite and stabilize them with the Party's policies, to retain them with the Party's policies, and to let them make the best use of their talents. Create and provide a good working and living environment for geological technicians, encourage them to cheer up, make them feel comfortable, and ensure that they devote themselves wholeheartedly to geological prospecting, geological scientific research and geological teaching, so as to produce talents, fine products and results.
5) Increase investment in geological (scientific research) projects and improve project management mechanism. To strengthen geological work and improve the effect of geological prospecting, it is necessary to have strategic focus, optimize target area, project, design and construction, and also to have project (subject) funds as a guarantee. Without sufficient funds for projects (projects), it is difficult to have prospecting discoveries, achievements and breakthroughs. In today's severe resource situation and increasingly difficult prospecting, especially in the case of low level of basic geological research and mineral exploration, and few mineral bases available for development and utilization, especially large and super-large mineral bases, it is one of the important measures to raise funds through multiple channels and diversification, increase investment and speed up prospecting.
At the same time, on the basis of the existing project management, strict responsibility and management, improve the project target responsibility system, improve the project accounting system and its supporting system, from the whole process of option, project establishment, project design, budget, project bidding, project construction, project tracking inspection and supervision to project reward, project operation and achievement acceptance.
6) Improve the treatment and improve the incentive mechanism. The geological prospecting industry is a hard industry, and the geological technicians in the geological prospecting industry work in the field for many years, sleeping in the wind and rain, and moving dispersedly. In terms of wages and benefits, it should be higher than other industries, and the hard work of geological technicians should be given corresponding benefits. While raising wages and allowances, we can try out the mechanism of linking geological achievements with interest distribution, and reflect interest sharing in the form of share conversion and shareholding. In order to change the current situation of low income distribution of geological science and technology personnel in Hebei Province, practical and effective measures should be taken to narrow regional differences and industry differences.
7) Establish and improve the paid use mechanism of geological (scientific research) achievements, and implement paid use of geological (scientific research) achievements. The achievements of geological exploration and scientific research are the final labor achievements of geological scientists and technicians, and also the "knowledge products" or "information products" of geological exploration and scientific research. China's General Principles of the Civil Law stipulates that citizens have the right to discover their own discoveries, which means that the discoverer has the right to make an unprecedented exposition, explanation and explanation of the characteristics or laws of nature. Based on this, geological scientists and technicians should enjoy the right to discover mineral resources and the intellectual property rights of geological exploration and scientific research results. Therefore, in the current mechanism, system and policy of "three compensations" for mineral resources (compensation fee, mining right use fee and mining right price), how to reflect the labor value and rights and interests of geological and technical personnel is a problem that needs to be seriously studied and solved in deepening reform.
8) Strengthen vocational training and education, and improve the mechanism of continuing education and academic education. With the continuous development of geological science theory and the continuous update of modern advanced geological engineering technology, the knowledge aging of geological scientists and technicians is increasingly apparent, and it is urgent to get "re-education" of new theories, new knowledge and new technologies to continuously improve the professional and technical level. Vigorously develop vocational training and education, adopt "please come in and send out", including jointly running classes and running schools with universities and national scientific research institutes, sending students abroad for training and inspection, using modern network information service platform, aiming at the development trend and frontier of contemporary geological science theory and modern geological engineering technology, providing necessary opportunities and conditions for geological technicians to further their studies and obtain contemporary geological science and technology information, and earnestly achieving "four in place"
Third, the current situation of talent training in geological colleges and universities
1. Geological Specialty Settings
At present, the undergraduate majors in geology cover five first-class disciplines of science and engineering and nine majors (geology, geochemistry, geophysics, resource exploration engineering, geological engineering, marine science, surveying and mapping engineering, exploration technology and engineering, groundwater science and engineering), and the postgraduate majors cover five first-class disciplines of science and engineering and two disciplines 14 major.
2. The running situation of geology major in Hebei Province
According to incomplete statistics, there are five universities in Hebei Province, namely Shijiazhuang Institute of Economics (formerly Hebei Institute of Geology), Hebei Normal University, Hebei Engineering University, Shijiazhuang Railway Institute and Hebei United University, which offer undergraduate majors in geology, and some universities offer postgraduate majors in geology.
3. Enrollment of major geological universities and departments
(1) Enrollment of Major Geological Universities and Departments in Hebei Province
1) Shijiazhuang Institute of Economics (formerly Hebei Institute of Geology): Resources College, Engineering College, Exploration Technology College, Gem and Materials Technology College and Management College, covering resource exploration engineering, hydrogeology and water resources engineering, groundwater science and engineering, exploration technology and engineering, surveying and mapping engineering, etc. 13 undergraduate majors; There are four postgraduate majors: mineral and rock deposit science, structural geology, mineral investigation and exploration and geological engineering.
2) Hebei Normal University: The College of Resources and Environmental Sciences covers four undergraduate majors, including geographical science; Geographic information system and other four postgraduate professional points.
3) Hebei University of Engineering: Resources College covers five undergraduate majors: exploration technology and engineering, resource exploration engineering, mining engineering and geotechnical engineering; Geological engineering, mining engineering, earth exploration and information technology.
4) Shijiazhuang Railway Institute: Civil Engineering Branch has two undergraduate majors, such as surveying and mapping engineering and safety engineering; Geotechnical engineering, safety technology and engineering, etc.
5) Hebei United University: The College of Resources and Environment covers four undergraduate majors, including mining engineering, resource exploration and development; Geological engineering, mining engineering, geodesy and survey engineering.
From 2005 to 2009, the number of graduates (including undergraduate, doctoral and master students) from major geological universities and departments in Hebei Province was 1800, 1840, 1920, 1970 and 21respectively.
(2) Enrollment of major geological departments in China.
The main geological departments in China are: China Geo University (Beijing) (College of Earth Science and Resources, College of Geophysics and Information Technology, College of Engineering Technology, etc. ), China Geo University (Wuhan) (School of Earth Science and Resources, School of Resources, etc. ), Department of Earth Sciences of Jilin University (including the former Changchun Institute of Geology), Chang 'an University (including the former Xi 'an Institute of Geology) (College of Earth Sciences and Land Resources, College of Geodesy, etc.). Chengdu University of Technology (formerly Chengdu Institute of Geology) (School of Earth Sciences, School of Energy, School of Environment and Civil Engineering, etc.). ), China Youshi University (East China) (School of Earth Resources and Information, School of Petroleum Engineering, etc. ), China Youshi University (Beijing) (School of Resources and Information, School of Petroleum and Natural Gas Engineering, etc. ), East China University of Science and Technology (formerly East China Institute of Geology) (School of Earth Science and Surveying and Mapping Engineering, School of Nuclear Engineering and Technology), etc. ).
From 2005 to 2009, the number of graduates (including undergraduate, doctoral and master) from major geological universities and departments in China was 15366, 16297, 17488, 25448 and 28233 respectively.
Analysis of the problems and causes in the cultivation of scientific and technological talents in the geological industry in Hebei Province.
1. Problems in the total amount, distribution and structure of geological science and technology talents
There are still some problems in the geological industry in Hebei province, such as the surplus of employees, the shortage of professional and technical personnel, the unreasonable distribution of geological science and technology forces, the shortage of geological leading talents, the unreasonable age structure of geological science and technology talents, the lack of high education of geological science and technology talents and the imperfect management system of geological science and technology talents.
2. Geological higher education in Hebei Province is marginalized to some extent.
1) after the reform of higher education system, geological colleges were placed under local management, and most of them merged or renamed. The former Hebei Institute of Geology in Hebei Province was renamed Shijiazhuang Institute of Economics, which was placed under the jurisdiction of Hebei Province by the Ministry of Land and Resources. The central ministries and commissions no longer directly manage the geological education in colleges and universities, weakening or even cutting off the connection between colleges and major service departments, while the education administrative departments pay more attention to comprehensive universities, and the degree of attention to geological education has dropped significantly.
2) With the reform of higher education management system and the expansion of enrollment scale, most colleges and universities have adjusted the original discipline structure and specialty layout. Due to the lack of attraction of geological specialty to candidates, universities offering geological specialty are trying to broaden the field of discipline construction and professional development, and offer some basic majors with strong versatility, which weakens the construction of geological discipline; Due to the shortage of internship funds, outdated teaching content and curriculum system, the teaching quality has a downward trend.
3) Hard work has always been unpopular. The depression of geological industry in 1980s and 1990s made it more difficult for graduates to enter the front line of geological exploration. In recent years, although the geological industry has been highly valued by the state, it is still unattractive to graduates due to the influence of social value orientation and traditional concepts. Under the market mechanism of "two-way choice and self-employment", due to the hard and unattractive geological work, the proportion of graduates working in geological units is low, resulting in the so-called "market failure" phenomenon.
4) There is a problem of insufficient continuing education in the cultivation of scientific and technological talents in the geological industry. Including the lack of scientific and systematic personnel training mechanism, the lack of guarantee for the training time of scientific and technological personnel and the lack of funds. Due to the unsatisfactory combination with Industry-University-Research and the lack of effective mechanism, it is difficult for junior and intermediate professional titles to have opportunities for further study and improvement. The fundamental reason is that the concept has not taken root and the system of lifelong learning has not been established.
From the above analysis, it can be seen that the scientific and technological talents in the geological industry in Hebei Province have a gratifying situation with clear functions, reasonable division of labor, high quality and strong ability to complete tasks, and the training of geological reserve talents has increased year by year. However, there are also problems such as shortage of front-line talents, shortage of young talents, shortage of innovation ability, shortage of leading cadres, shortage of highly educated talents, shortage of continuing education and imperfect talent mechanism.