The translation part of vernacular Chinese can help you understand, and the annotation part can increase your basic knowledge of ancient Chinese. I have thoroughly read a book, The View of Ancient Chinese, and I can basically cope with classical Chinese in the future.
Classical Chinese is a processed written language based on ancient Chinese. The earliest written language based on spoken language may have been processed. Classical Chinese is an article composed of written language in ancient China, mainly including written language based on spoken language in pre-Qin period. During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, no articles were invented to record characters, but bamboo slips, silk books and other things were used to record characters, while silk books were expensive, bamboo slips were huge and the number of words recorded was limited. In order to record more things on a roll of bamboo slips, unimportant words were deleted. Later, when "paper" was used on a large scale, the habit of using "official documents" among the ruling classes had been finalized, and the ability to use "classical Chinese" had evolved into a symbol of reading and literacy. Classical Chinese comes from vernacular Chinese, characterized by writing based on words, paying attention to the use of allusions, parallel prose, neat rhythm and no punctuation, including strategies, poems, words, songs, stereotyped writing, parallel prose and ancient prose. The classical Chinese in modern books are generally marked with punctuation marks in order to facilitate reading and understanding.
2. Classical Chinese translation "Reading" There is a man with inconvenient legs and feet leading a horse {walking on the road}. On the way, I met an old man. {The old man} asked him, "It's inconvenient for you to walk. Why don't you ride a horse? " He replied: This horse is carrying a rice bag. If someone rides it again, I'm afraid it can't bear the burden. "The old man smiled and said," you are too smart. If you ride a horse with rice on its back, then the horse only carries you. Isn't that convenient? "The man was overjoyed and rode a horse with rice on his back.
Yang Guangyuan rebelled against Qingzhou, Sun was besieged, and his grange was in the west of Qingzhou. The city gate was closed for a long time, isolated from the inside and outside, and all the food was eaten up, and the whole family lamented. There is a dog walking around, seemingly worried. Sun said, "If there is no food at home, people will die. What should we do? " ? Can you get me some rice from the grange? "The dog wagged his tail in response to him. At night, tie a bag and letters to the dog's back. The dog came out of the water sinus and barked at the grange. People in the village opened the door, got to know the dog, took down the letter and read it, so the dog came back with rice on his back and went to town before dawn. In this way, after several months, the Sun family did not starve to death. Later, Yang Guangyuan was defeated and the city gate was wide open.
I searched for a long time, but I couldn't find the original text. I translated it myself. I don't know if it's good:
There is a man with inconvenient legs and feet leading a horse {on the road}. On the way, I met an old man. {The old man} asked him, "It's inconvenient for you to walk. Why don't you ride a horse? " He replied: This horse is carrying a rice bag. If someone rides it again, I'm afraid it can't bear the burden. "The old man smiled and said," you are too smart. If you ride a horse with rice on its back, then the horse only carries you. Isn't that convenient? "The man was overjoyed and rode a horse with rice on his back.
Personal feeling: the lame are not wise, but the old are smart. Two people are "half a catty", interesting, interesting. I hope the landlord is satisfied ...
There is a man with inconvenient legs and feet leading a horse {on the road}. On the way, I met an old man. {The old man} asked him, "It's inconvenient for you to walk. Why don't you ride a horse? " He replied: This horse is carrying a rice bag. If someone rides it again, I'm afraid it can't bear the burden. "The old man smiled and said," you are too smart. If you ride a horse with rice on its back, then the horse only carries you. Isn't that convenient? "The man was overjoyed and rode a horse with rice on his back.
3. The classical Chinese meaning of the book is 1, writing.
Chen She's Family History: "It is Dan Shubo who says' Chen'."
So he wrote the word "Chen" on the silk book with vermilion.
2. record.
Prison Miscellaneous Notes: "I feel awkward. I can say it by Du Jun's words, and all the words are the same, so it is a book."
I listened, and I was indifferent. I use these words of Du Jun to ask others. As a result, everyone said the same thing, so I decided to record it.
3. documents; Official documents.
"Mulan Poetry": "Twelve volumes of the art of war, each with a main name."
There are so many conscription documents, each with the father's name.
4. Calligraphy.
"Mo Chi Ji": "The taste of Xi yearns for Zhang Zhi's book on the pool, and the water in the pool is all black."
Wang Xizhi usually admires (Han) Zhang Zhi's (calligraphy).
5. letter. Hope of spring: "After three months of war, a message from my hometown is worth a ton of gold."
The continuous war has lasted for more than half a year, and there are few letters from home. A letter is worth twelve thousand gold.
Extended data:
Explain these words:
Classical Chinese version of Shuo Wen Jie Zi: one book, one book. From that voice.
Vernacular version of Shuo Wen Jie Zi: a book with bamboo chopsticks as the pen. The glyph takes "Yu" as the side and "Zhe" as the sound side.
Related vocabulary explanation:
1, endorsement
Recite the books you have read: I used to recite them every morning when I went to a private school, and I would be punished if I didn't recite them.
Step 2 read
Reading a book, reading aloud or silently: the sound of endorsement.
3. Series [cóng SHS]
According to certain purposes and users, choose a set of books, gather them together and publish them under a common name. There are comprehensive, specialized or special topics.
4. History books
Books that record history.
5. Desk
A desk for reading and writing.
4. How to say library in classical Chinese? Laozi was the "official in charge of the library" in the Zhou Dynasty, so the earliest library may be called the "library". In addition, libraries in different dynasties are different, such as Chongwen Academy in Song Dynasty, Yushi Museum in Qing Dynasty, etc., all of which are royal libraries. In addition, libraries like Tianzhangge and Longtuge (you must have heard of Baolongtu) all collect things written by the Emperor of the Song Dynasty. However, it should be noted that Bao is not a librarian. This is just the name of Longtuge, which is Bao Zheng's post (full name is Longtuge to be built).
There are Wenyuan Pavilion, Jinwen Pavilion and Wenlan Pavilion in Qing Dynasty, all of which are collections of Siku Quanshu.
In the Ming Dynasty, Fanqin Tianyi Pavilion was a private library.
There were books before the Zhou Dynasty, but they were not recorded in ancient books. In the Zhou Dynasty, there was an official named "Shi", who was in charge of the ambition of the four directions and the book of three emperors and five emperors. According to historical records, Lao Tzu is the "Tibetan history" of the Zhou Dynasty, and Ban Gu's "Han Shu Yi Wen Zhi" also says that Lao Tzu made history and read ancient and modern books. It can be seen that there is no doubt that Laozi was the librarian at that time. In order to travel around the world, you must read books from 120 countries. Zuo, a native of Chu, can read three graves, five classics, eight lines and nine hills by leaning against the phase. Mozi also said that he himself had read Hundred Schools of Spring and Autumn Annals. At that time, there were many libraries and rich collections, which can be seen here. The Western Han Dynasty attached great importance to the book industry. During the reign of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, * * * ordered the collection of books nationwide for the first time, and established a large-scale library in the palace. Some people say that this is the first time in the history of our country to see a character library. Subsequently, Liu Xiang and his son started the second proofreading and cataloging work of the library in Chinese history. However, most of the above fears are collected by the state and cannot be borrowed by ordinary people.
So when did the public libraries in China start?
Generally speaking, the public library in China should be the earliest, founded in Guangxu 33 years (1907), with Duan Fangdu in Jiangsu. Of course, this can be said to be the earliest in naming, but in fact it can be traced back to the Southern Song Dynasty. According to the records of Guangxin Fuzhi, "Shao Xi and Qingyuan (the year numbers of Song Guangzong and Ningzong, 1 190- 1200), the magistrate, Gewen and Zhao Buyu (Jin Chen), built a library in Yanshan County, Jiangxi Province for the public to read. It is said that the Yi people didn't have books in the past. The scholar wanted to get sick, but he kept tens of thousands of books, which were divided into four parts: classics, history, books and collections, so that one person could hold the key. Visitors are guided into the building, and there are several degrees in the building so that you can have a panoramic view. " In addition, it is also recorded in Jia Ci that a man named built a "Nest Classics Building" in Fuzhou, and there was a "fasting room on the floor" next to the building, which was used to collect a large number of books. People who need to borrow books can pick them up and read them in the lent, but they are not allowed to take them out.