Realizing the sharing of online information resources is the development direction of modern libraries, and the standardization of bibliographic data is the premise of realizing the networking of literature information and resource sharing, which has been recognized by the library circles in China. In order to survive and develop in the information society, the library must master the standard description format of machine-readable catalogue, so that bibliographic data can be exchanged smoothly between domestic and foreign literature collection units.
The earliest MARC in the world is LCMARC of the Library of Congress (that is, USMARC, which was developed in 1960s and improved into a national standard in 1970s). Subsequently, many countries followed suit and compiled their own MARC, such as UKMARC. In order to facilitate the exchange of MARC between countries, IFLA has formulated UNIMARC to standardize the MARC formats of countries, so as to realize the smooth exchange of data. China began to introduce American MARC from 1979, and studied it. From 65438 to 0988, Beijing Library began to develop CNMARC, and at the end of 1989, it issued data tapes and floppy disks for bibliographic records.
CNMARC is a general communication format of machine-readable catalogue in China. It is compiled according to some special situations and new changes of rules in UNIMARC and China publications. CNMARC is basically translated from UNIMARC, but some local fields are designed according to our national conditions, such as 09 1 unified book number; 092 order number and 905 payment field, etc.
related data
In the late 1950s, the Library of Congress began to investigate the possibility of using electronic computers in its internal business. 1February, 966, the Library of Congress officially started the experiment of publishing machine-readable catalog data. 1966 In April, the Library of Congress designed the world's first machine-readable catalogue format (MARC 1 for short). On June 1966, the first batch of tape data was sent to the participating libraries. 1In April, 967, the Library of Congress transferred to the design of the second edition of machine-readable catalog format (MARC2 for short). The British National Bibliography Department sent personnel to participate in this work. MARC2 format is not only suitable for Britain and the United States, but also easy to be popularized in other countries. By the mid-1980s, the Library of Congress had published books, serial publications, maps, movies (later changed to visual materials), manuscripts, music scores and audio recordings in machine-readable formats, and issued machine-readable records in more than 65,438+000 languages. From 1988 to 1, the Library of Congress began to publish various publications in MARC format, and gradually developed towards the direction of integrating various publications.