(A debate) We must first make it clear that today's debate has a common premise, that is, the existence of rules and norms, which can be both moral norms and rules and regulations. When people consciously and voluntarily use it to restrain themselves, we call it self-discipline. When it is used by external forces to restrain us, we call it heteronomy.
We believe that the cultivation of college students' civilized habits should be based on self-discipline and supplemented by heteronomy.
First of all, the principle of internal and external causes of Marxist philosophy tells us that internal causes are the basis for the change and development of things, external causes are the conditions for the change and development of things, and external causes should work through internal causes. Self-discipline directly acts on people's hearts and manifests itself from the inside out, which is the internal cause; Heteronomy only regulates people's external behavior, which is external cause. Only by giving full play to the leading role of self-discipline, can external factors, including heteronomy, play an auxiliary role.
Secondly, the central content of the discussion of civilized habits requires us to give priority to self-discipline and supplement it with heteronomy. Civilized habits belong to the category of socialist spiritual civilization construction and moral education in colleges and universities. For the cultivation of civilized habits in all aspects of life, it is obvious that heteronomy with compulsion and certainty plays a major regulatory role. College students' self-discipline and cognitive ability make self-discipline really play a major role.
Thirdly, college students, as a specific subject, require us to give priority to self-discipline, supplemented by heteronomy. As a well-educated knowledge group, the comprehensive quality of college students is also at a relatively high level. Ideological and moral education from primary school makes college students generally have higher self-discipline, civilized level and cognitive ability, which provides a feasible premise for self-discipline and civilized habits.
Of course, we have never denied the auxiliary role of heteronomy in the formation of civilized habits. We also attach importance to the normative function of heteronomy on a few college students with weak self-discipline ability. However, the compulsory and external binding characteristics of heteronomy also determine that it cannot play a major role under the restrictions of civilized habits and college students.
As a youth group about to enter the society from campus, college students are worried about their personal growth and the progress of social spiritual civilization if the cultivation of civilized habits is still dominated by heteronomy.
To sum up, from the philosophy, from the concrete subject of college students, from the central content of civilized habits, we all declared our position. The cultivation of civilized habits of college students depends on self-discipline.
Concluding remarks
First of all, I would like to thank another debater for telling us the auxiliary role of heteronomy in the cultivation of university civilization with wonderful words. However, I have to express my deep regret for some of the arguments of the other debater. First of all, from their speeches and free debates, we can't help but feel ashamed of each other's philosophical knowledge. Now, let me summarize some basic mistakes made by the other party.
First: refer to a deer as a horse. As we all know, internal cause is the foundation of the development and change of things, while external cause is the condition. External cause works through internal cause, which is the main aspect of contradiction, and external cause is the secondary aspect of contradiction.
Second: Li is very stiff. The other party uses behavior instead of habit, equating behavior and habit to cover the whole. That's ridiculous!
I will make a concluding speech on our views.
First: Self-discipline is to control words and deeds within the scope permitted by the system, regulations and moral norms through self-discipline and self-adjustment. In the process of developing civilized habits, heteronomy plays an auxiliary role as an external cause, but self-discipline as an internal cause is more important. External factors play a role through internal factors, which are fundamental to the development and change of things, so the status of self-discipline is understandable. It's hard to imagine how a person who doesn't know self-discipline and relies on heteronomy will enter the society. You know that no one will become a general because of heteronomy, but you must absolutely believe that the best general is the most conscious and self-disciplined person. Don't regard heteronomy as omnipotent God, there is no savior in the world, and the key to cultivating civilized habits is self-discipline.
Second: civilized behavior is not equal to civilized habits. Heteronomy can promote civilized behavior, but in the process of transforming civilized behavior into civilized habits, self-discipline is the first. As we all know, habit can be called behavior, but behavior can never be equated with habit. You can't say that once or twice a civilized behavior is a civilized habit, can you? ! It is obviously illogical. Since it is a civilized habit, he is the room that should be taken for granted, and whether or not he is heteronomy is secondary.
Third: heteronomy must be internalized into self-discipline, and civilized behavior can be transformed into civilized habits. Heteronomy may lead to civilized behavior, but if we don't accept this norm ourselves, it is impossible to form a habit and think that we will try our best to escape the limitation of this norm. Only when we accept heteronomy and turn heteronomy into self-discipline can we really play a role, otherwise those laws and norms are just a dead letter! Therefore, only by fully mobilizing our subjective initiative and relying on self-discipline can we develop a civilized habit more smoothly.
Fourth, the lag and limitations of heteronomy are self-evident. If heteronomy can strengthen the formation of civilized habits, as another debater said, why not stipulate a rule and system in all aspects of social life so that everyone can develop civilized habits? Obviously, heteronomy has great limitations. We can't and don't need to make any rules and regulations to promote people to form civilized habits!
Finally, nothing is absolute, and we have repeatedly stressed that acknowledging self-discipline does not mean denying the auxiliary role of heteronomy in the formation of civilized habits. The so-called master leads the door, and practice depends on individuals. We also attach importance to the normative function of heteronomy on a few college students who are not self-disciplined, and urge them to behave in a civilized way, and then develop civilized habits.
If we completely rely on heteronomy, once the external environment of heteronomy disappears, we will lose our constraints and do whatever we want. It can be seen that self-discipline plays a decisive role!
The flowers of civilization must be watered by self-discipline, the sunrise of civilization will eventually break through the horizon of heteronomy, and new opportunities and shining stars will eventually fill the unobstructed sky.
I believe that under the self-disciplined sky, our world will be better!
composite material
The food in the school canteen is littered everywhere, which is a serious waste; Books in the library are incomplete and often lost; The content on the desk is "rich" and the painting is messy; The electronic reading room, which used to be a place for students to consult materials, has become an Internet cafe where some people play games and chat ... On the university campus, various uncivilized phenomena are common. Many students often scoff at these uncivilized phenomena, thinking that they are shameful and should be resolutely resisted and abandoned; But doing it is another way, and many people become uncivilized consciously or unconsciously. So, what caused these uncivilized behaviors? Mainly the lack of conscious awareness of civilized behavior. Due to the lack of self-awareness, some college students are indifferent to the boundaries between right and wrong, good and evil, beauty and ugliness. They can't consistently adhere to civilized life and civilized behavior in their daily lives, nor can they make civilized behavior a habit.
At present, many colleges and universities are carrying out various forms of educational activities with "eight honors and eight disgraces" as the main content to guide college students to know honor and disgrace and distinguish right from wrong. At the same time, a series of rules of civilized cultivation have been formulated, which put forward many higher requirements for every college student. However, these are external constraints, and to truly implement them on everyone, we must rely on self-discipline. Therefore, as college students, only by recognizing the importance of civilized habits, starting from now, starting from small things, strictly demanding ourselves everywhere, and persistently resisting uncivilized phenomena on campus, can we establish our good manners and image.
Can a paper agreement put an end to cheating in exams?
June 65438+1October 65438+June 2005, China University of Political Science and Law held the second Civilization and Self-discipline Activity Month!
The cultivation of civilized habits is not a trivial matter, but a subtle and gradual process, which requires us to be persistent and strict with ourselves. Only by always holding the determination to stick to the end can bad habits be gradually changed. At present, many schools are carrying out various forms of educational activities with "eight honors and eight disgraces" as the main content to guide students to know honor and disgrace and distinguish right from wrong. At the same time, it also puts forward many higher requirements for each student. However, these are external constraints, and to truly implement them on everyone, we must rely on self-discipline. Therefore, as students, only by clearly recognizing the importance of civilized habits, starting from now, starting from small things, strictly demanding ourselves everywhere, and persistently resisting uncivilized phenomena on campus, can we establish our good manners and image.
News released by Sina. July 25th com: After some parks in Beijing were free, the uncivilized phenomenon of tourists suddenly increased.
After the free opening of Zizhuyuan Park, a new phenomenon appeared. Tourists entered the park with bedrolls and slept directly on the ground. Some tourists dozed off alone on the bench. There is a lush lotus in ritan park, and grass carp and some koi fish are stocked in the pond, in order to purify the water for tourists to watch. After it was opened for free, some people went fishing in the lotus pond, fished fish with fishing rods, and even sneaked out of the' underground cage'. A one-month-old sika deer in the Elk Garden was frightened by tourists and broke its right hind leg.
From 20001to the first half of 2004, a total of 862 students in Jiangsu university were punished at various levels, such as recording a demerit, staying in school for observation, being ordered to drop out of school, and being expelled from school. The main violations are cheating in exams, unauthorized detention, theft, fighting and disturbing teaching order.
In 2004, when a reporter from Xinhuanet surveyed students in Jiangsu University, everyone thought that self-discipline was more important than heteronomy. "Universities can't be as strict as high schools. You must rely on yourself in your study and life. The university teacher is just a guide. "
In order to ensure that students can successfully complete their college studies, the school has also formulated a series of strict rules and regulations. But even so, some students were punished for violating discipline. "It's not that students don't know that the school has rules and regulations, but they leave self-discipline behind when they are tempted. The biggest difference between a university and a high school is' freedom', but full freedom needs self-discipline.
The so-called self-discipline means that individuals, as members of society, should be self-disciplined and self-controlled, and take the initiative to bring their actions into the moral category of honesty and trustworthiness.
Everyone should realize that self-discipline is the foundation and cornerstone to ensure the honesty and trustworthiness of the whole society. High-rise buildings have sprung up. If the foundation is not good, no matter how good the superstructure is, the building will eventually collapse and will not be strong. If a person blindly acts according to his own will, no matter how good his laws are, they can't change his behavior.
Famous brand enterprises like Nanjing Guanshengyuan Food Factory have lost their trust in the people. The reasons may be varied, but the drive of economic interests is probably an important reason. This does not mean that there is no heteronomy mechanism, and social morality is heteronomy mechanism. However, Guanshengyuan Food Factory didn't do a good job of self-discipline, ignored heteronomy, and made something that was untrustworthy to the people.
The criminal clearly knows that his behavior violates the law, or he directly commits a crime and commits a crime. If heteronomy played a major role, these people would not commit crimes. There would be no crime and law in society. Society has not taken a big step towards productism.
All successful people know self-discipline. Self-discipline is the necessary ability and condition for those who cultivate their self-cultivation and are determined to achieve great things. Self-discipline is internal cause, heteronomy is external cause, and external cause works through internal cause. People living in such a complicated society must have a self-discipline ability. In this way, in some cases, people can "get out of the mud without being stained." At present, the law is improving day by day, and the number of people who can commit crimes is still increasing. The reason is self-evident. Obviously, those people are not self-disciplined.
Heteronomy is always achieved through self-discipline. Self-discipline is the carrier of heteronomy. Without self-discipline, heteronomy has no object, and the original meaning is improved. Just like police and thieves, with police, thieves still exist! As the main body, thieves can't do without self-discipline, and heteronomy is obviously meaningless. Some criminals in socialism are willing to degenerate, knowing the law and breaking the law. Although the law is strictly controlled, they still slide into the abyss of crime. "Lotus never touches mud" is entirely due to its own binding force, which makes it not change its noble sentiment.
Self-discipline is more important than heteronomy. A person is self-centered first, and then he is integrated into society. Therefore, people should have autonomy. In fact, people's quality is not shown in an emergency, but all the time. In this case, self-discipline is particularly important. I always want others to act on your consciousness to restrain you. What choice would you make in case of danger?
Whatever you do, you should be strict with yourself. "Only by improving their own quality can we adapt to the development of society. So we think that self-discipline is more important than heteronomy.
Many times, heteronomy can't restrain people's behavior everywhere. And we need self-discipline more. When I find my wallet in the street, should I put it in my pocket or give it to the police? Do you pretend you don't know or return the extra change in the shop? These phenomena reflect that heteronomy or self-discipline is more important. Imagine that the law stipulates the boundaries of human behavior. He restricts you, supervises you, and keeps you from committing crimes. But if people lack self-discipline, heteronomy can only be a dead letter. The measure of a person's quality is what kind of choice he will make when no one knows. This is a sign of self-discipline, which is more effective than others' evaluation of us. Therefore, we must adhere to self-discipline and constantly improve our own quality.
It is not uncommon for CET-4 and CET-6 to take the exam instead of the exam, find hot sales and take cheat sheets in the final exam. "
Our ancestors have always regarded self-discipline, introspection and self-cultivation as the basis and foundation of being a man, doing things and helping to educate others. Confucianism has always advocated self-cultivation, and self-discipline is regarded as the watershed between gentlemen and villains. Lutz asked Confucius: What is a gentleman? The answers are: "cultivate one's morality for respect", "cultivate one's morality for security" and "cultivate one's morality for people's security". ? The Analects of Confucius? Xunzi also said: "a gentleman cultivates the inside and puts it outside, and accumulates virtue in the body and stops by"; "Correct, not for things, the husband is a gentleman." Villains don't fix it. "The heart is like a tiger and a wolf, and it is like an animal. The thief of the wicked is also himself." ("Xunzi")
What's the difference between a man who can't control himself and the stupidest animal? What's the difference between those who don't pay attention to the best things and only try their best to pursue the greatest pleasure and the stupidest animals? "He thinks that a person who has no self-control ability is untrustworthy and cannot be entrusted with an important task. A person without self-control ability, an insatiable person, not only harms others, but also harms himself.
As college students, we must first learn self-discipline and heteronomy, which can only be used as auxiliary means.