1. surface morphology comparison principle (a) is used to analyze the fracture of steel materials, such as transgranular cleavage fracture, intergranular fracture, hydrogen embrittlement intergranular fracture and dimple fracture; (b) analyzing the surface morphology of the steel material sample; (c) Observe and analyze the metallographic structure of steel.

2. Using the principle of atomic number comparison, the qualitative composition of iron and steel materials is analyzed.

Application of electron probe -x-ray energy spectrometer;

(1) Fixed-point composition analysis: the electron beam is fixed on the micro-area of the steel to be analyzed, and the X-ray signal is collected by an energy spectrometer, and the spectral lines of all elements in the micro-area can be directly obtained within a few minutes.

(2) composition line distribution analysis: fix the spectrometer at the position of characteristic X-ray signal (wavelength or energy) of the elements to be measured in steel; The concentration distribution curve of the element along a straight line can be obtained by scanning the electron beam along a specified path.

(3) Analysis of surface distribution of components: the surface of the steel sample is raster scanned by the electron beam, and the spectrometer is fixed at the position of the characteristic X-ray signal of the element, and the surface distribution image of the element can be obtained by receiving the signal.