Shaoxing traditional culture
Shaoxing opera
Shaoxing local opera in yue opera. Originated in the rural areas of Shengxian County (now Shengzhou City), it was called Shaoxing Opera in the early days because Shengxian County belonged to Shaoxing Prefecture. The rural folk tune originated from "singing the earth script" is called "Little Brother Class". They are only equipped with rulers and drums, and then gradually add silk strings and percussion instruments. They are conducted by the drum board, and the sound of "DuDu" is endless when playing, commonly known as "DuDu Class". In the 1920s, Yue Opera entered Shanghai and was renamed as Yue Opera in the late 1930s. The exploration and reform in singing, performance, music and repertoire has become the highlight of a national drama. It is good at expressing delicate thoughts and feelings, and its plays are mostly about love and family. Many famous Shaoxing opera actors created their own schools according to their own voice characteristics, which were inherited and carried forward by young actors. Huqin has many kinds of boards, such as adagio, middle board, allegro, clear board, reverse board, horizontal tone, chanting tone and crying tone. Its singing is beautiful and soft, euphemistic and lyrical.
2. What are the cultural characteristics of Shaoxing?
Shaoxing has a long history, outstanding people, developed economy and rich humanities. In the Neolithic age, there were human beings in China. During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, Gou Jian founded the country and dominated. Qin county, a county at the beginning. In the Southern Dynasties, it was divided into Yin Shan and Huiji County, which were managed by the same city until the end of the Qing Dynasty. The yuan dynasty was established in the Republic of China, and the county was set up from the government, which was merged into one and unified as Shaoxing. 1983, the State Council approved the implementation of the system of city governing counties, with cities and counties jointly established and stationed in Yuecheng. 200 1 Shaoxing county is newly built and moved to Ke Qiao. 1982, the State Council announced Shaoxing as one of the first historical and cultural cities in China.
Since the reform and opening up, Shaoxing county, which has no advantages in natural resources and state investment, has achieved sustained, rapid and healthy development in economic and social undertakings, and its comprehensive economic and social strength has always been at the forefront of the country. Analyzing the deep-seated reasons for the rapid economic and social development, we believe that Shaoxing's unique regional culture and the resulting regional spirit have played a great role in promoting it. This regional culture includes:
Water control culture of hard struggle, pioneering and innovation. Shaoxing is high in the south and low in the north. Thousands of years ago, there were flash floods in the south and tides in the north. In order to survive, people have been fighting for water control for thousands of years. Dayu, an ancient hero of water control, was concerned about the country and the people, and took water control as his responsibility. In the 13th Spring and Autumn Period, Dai Yue was a star, and "you can't enter the house without going through the house". In the Eastern Han Dynasty, Ma Su, the magistrate of Yonghe for five years, led Shaoxing people to build Jianhu Lake around dikes, and Jianhu Water Conservancy Project became the oldest irrigation project in southern China. During the Eastern Jin and Southern Dynasties, He Xun presided over the dredging of the Xixing Canal, which was not only beneficial to irrigation, but also to the distribution of materials. Li Junzhi, the magistrate of Huiji County in Tang Dynasty, presided over the construction of seawalls, which lasted for more than a hundred miles. Later, Tang Shaoen presided over the construction of Sanjiang Sluice to resist tides and expand cultivated land. Large-scale reclamation in the 1970s, standard seawall construction in the 1990s, and reclamation at the beginning of this century have written a new chapter of hard struggle. In the long history, the people of Shaoxing have gone through hardships to harness rivers, fight tides, fight mountain torrents, transform swamps and reclaim beaches, and constantly explore and practice, so that the wild land in ancient times has gradually become a land of fish and rice with beautiful mountains and rivers. In the production practice of transforming nature, they not only created rich material civilization, but also formed an entrepreneurial spirit of hard struggle and innovation.
A celebrity culture that keeps pace with the times and makes great efforts to govern. * * * The poem "Jianhu Yuetai Celebrity Township" points out the most important symbol of Shaoxing's regional characteristic culture, that is, celebrity culture. Dayu, Gou Jian, Fan Li, Ma Su, Wang Xizhi, Lu You, Wang Yangming, Xu Wenchang, Cai Yuanpei, Lu Xun and Qiu Jin. , is a representative of many fields in past dynasties. The essence of this culture is that the celebrities of past dynasties revived the nation, made the country strong, dared to explore up and down, and became ideological pioneers in politics, economy and culture. They pursue truth and light all their lives, and pursue the civilization and progress of the nation and society. Their ideological and cultural heritage has guided and inspired future generations to realize new ideals. This characteristic culture also includes "master culture". "Shaoxing Masters", as a historical group with strong regional characteristics, also shines with the ideological light of celebrity culture with its spirit of upholding justice and wisely using allusions. Influenced by celebrity culture, the spirit of keeping pace with the times and striving for strength is an important spiritual motivation for generations of Shaoxing people and an important symbol of Shaoxing county's regional image.
Persistence and excellence of textile culture. According to relevant experts' research, Shaoxing's textile history can be traced back to Hemudu era 7000 years ago. By the time of Dayu four or five thousand years ago, it was very common to use silk as a tribute; In the era of Gou Jian, the King of Yue, 2,500 years ago, sericulture was a national undertaking and flourished for the first time. During the Sui Dynasty, treasures stood out, and their names played an important role in the ruling and opposition parties. During the Tang and Song Dynasties, the quality and quantity were prosperous, and the products were popular all over the world in the name of Luoyue. After the founding of New China, it experienced recovery period, development period and wandering period. After the reform and opening up, Shaoxing textile industry began to embark on the road of revival: the sound of looms spread all over urban and rural areas, the textile market dominated Asia, merchants from five continents gathered all over the country, and trading information radiated all over the world. With the efforts of Shaoxing people, the textile industry, known as the "sunset industry", has become bigger and stronger, striving for perfection, making a new leap in design, production, dyeing and finishing, marketing and even the whole textile industry, and has become a pillar industry to promote the economic development of Shaoxing County. Building an international textile manufacturing center and an international textile trade center has become a strategic goal of leaping development to a new level. From the development history of textile industry, we can see the personality and spirit of Shaoxing people's perseverance, perseverance and Excellence.
Wine-making culture with soft outside and rigid inside. Shaoxing is the hometown of yellow rice wine in China with a long history of brewing. It is said that there was rice wine in Dayu, and it was very popular to drink rice wine at the end of the spring and autumn period. In the Tang Dynasty, Shaoxing was called "drunken hometown". Shaoxing in Song Dynasty was once described as "the land of thousands of restaurants in the city". By the Qing Dynasty, it was already "the world of wine". In Shaoxing, no matter the mountains and plains, towns and villages, in the old society, no matter the official, gentry, people and the poor, they all became attached to wine and became friends with it. Wine has become an important part of Shaoxing people's production activities and necessities of life, resulting in Shaoxing's unique wine couplets, wine puzzles, wine dances, wine songs, wine music, as well as countless wine legends and wine poems, forming a rich and strong wine culture. The biggest feature of Shaoxing yellow rice wine is that the older the wine is, the more fragrant it is, and the entrance is soft and moist, but it is mellow and full of stamina, much like the character of Shaoxing people.
3. Shaoxing related knowledge
Jiangnan is beautiful, and Shaoxing is nine points and nine points! In addition, the following story is about Shaoxing yellow rice wine: Yellow rice wine is a specialty of our country with a history of more than 4,000 years, and it is one of the oldest beverage wines in the world. The rich brewing experience of the working people in past dynasties has made the quality of yellow rice wine reach a higher level. Shaoxing wine is the oldest variety of yellow rice wine in China. During the Spring and Autumn Period, in the 26th year of the Zhou Dynasty (494 BC), after the state of Yue was destroyed by the State of Wu, Gou Jian, the king of Yue, took his wife and doctor to the State of Wu as hostages, and after three years of humiliation, he escaped with trickery. After returning to Vietnam, the capital will be moved to Jiji (Shaoxing). He worked hard, made great efforts, and appointed military generals such as Fan Li and Wen Zi to rectify state affairs. Accumulated the strength to restore the country, and finally made the people rich and the country strong. Fu Cha, the king of Wu, was belligerent and dissolute, which led to the shortage of treasury, barren countryside, miserable people and floods and insect disasters. After the famine, Wu fought against Japan, and people's resentment boiled. In the thirty-eighth year of the week, Fu Cha went to Huangchi (southwest of Fengqiu, Henan) to prepare for hegemony with the State of Jin. Knowing that Suzhou, the capital of Wu, was empty, Gou Jian decided to take revenge, and the whole country was gearing up. On the eve of the war, the troops of Wu guarding the state of Yue will be wiped out on the banks of Huiji (the capital of Shaoxing). The next day, the sun was shining and there were no clouds in Wan Li. The soldiers who went to war lined up on the banks of Huiji River, with flags flying, gongs and drums roaring, and the military was mighty. Gou Jian said to the folks who saw him off: "This time, we must destroy Wu, otherwise we will not live." An old man said, "It is the wish of the people of the whole country for your king to stand still, strive for self-improvement and serve his country.". We now offer several jars of glutinous rice (that is, Shaoxing wine). Please drink it and wish an early triumph! " Gou Jian ordered several sergeants to carry the wine to the upper reaches of Huiji River and pour it into the river, in order to make the soldiers who went out to war feel close to the people of the whole country. Suddenly, the Huiji River exudes a bouquet of wine. After Gou Jian respected heaven and earth, he shared the river with all the soldiers. All the soldiers shouted: "revenge for the country!" " Destroy Wu! The King of Yue bid farewell to the villagers, led 50,000 troops, 3,000 warships and 10,000 chariots, and attacked Wu by land and water. Gou Jian personally beat the drums with a gun. All the soldiers have been holding grudges for a long time, just like a volcano erupting, all of them fought bravely and retreated straight to the gates of Gusu. In the third year of Zhou Yuanwang (473 BC), Li Ze was defeated in the last battle. Focha committed suicide. Gou Jian returned to Vietnam triumphantly, and the people celebrated together, drinking glutinous rice.
Huiji River, also known as Gaolao River, has its source in the upper reaches of the river and runs for many years. In the early years, the river dried up and only this river flooded. Glutinous rice is also called "moon wine", and it was still called this name until the Qing Dynasty.
4. Shaoxing related knowledge
Shaoxing is a famous water town and bridge town. When I was a child, I often heard adults say that the names of ten bridges in the city are arranged according to the number 1- 10: 1. -big wooden bridge (big boss. The first one) 2. —— Huangniqiao (Shaoxing (Shaoxing people missed fish five times) VI. -
5. What are the urgently needed cultures in Shaoxing?
Shaoxing Bridge Culture Bridge culture is a part of Yue culture. Shaoxing is a famous bridge town and bridge capital at home and abroad. It is an unmistakable fact that "famous bridges have crossed the state throughout the ages" and "mountains and lakes are everywhere" They continue to cross the state. " Bridges are the most basic transportation facilities. With the bridge, the area of Shaoxing water town divided by rivers has formed a whole, which makes the mountain villages in the deep valleys connected by swift streams. It promotes the development of production and social progress, and brings convenience and joy to people's lives. Therefore, building and repairing bridges is the voice of the people and a necessary condition for prospering the economy and developing the productive forces. On the other hand, bridges, like historical sites, show the economic, cultural and scientific strength of Shaoxing in different periods. As a kind of architecture, it not only appears in society as a necessity for production and life, but also embodies bridge science and technology, bridge aesthetics, various literary styles praising bridges, as well as folk customs and ethics everywhere. The combination of material shell and rich cultural connotation of this kind of bridge constitutes Shaoxing's bridge culture.
The characteristics of Shaoxing Bridge culture are very distinct. It's popular culture. Bridges are built, maintained and used by the public. Bridge culture is also created, appreciated and developed by the masses. Without the public, there would be no bridge, and there would be no bridge culture. This is a practical culture. Bridge is a real objective building, so the culture based on it is also a culture that can be seen, heard and used, which not only benefits contemporary people, but also benefits future generations. For the benefit of future generations. Bridge culture is a culture of continuous creation and development. The bridge is still, but people who use it, sing it and watch it are constantly everywhere. Some people use poetry and painting to describe it. Some people use movies to express it, some people use bridge decorations to beautify it, and some people use stories to spread it, so with the passage of time, the accumulation of bridge culture is getting richer and richer, which is also the infinite vitality of bridge culture. Bridge culture is a multi-functional comprehensive culture. It is the product of the combination of material and abstract ideas. A certain cultural concept has emerged in the entity of the bridge, which enriches and improves the entity value of the bridge. Moreover, compared with wine, tea and orchids, the bridge in Shaoxing has the characteristics of long physical existence and obvious historical imprint, and the resulting value trend is not only the bridge itself, but also some social benefits. Therefore, many bridges have become specimens of historical research, places for patriotic education and practical materials, which was unexpected in the original bridge construction. Shaoxing bridge culture has the characteristics of diverse functions and forms. It is not a single culture, but its richness and comprehensiveness are amazing.
6. About the traditional culture of Shaoxing
Shaoxing Traditional Culture Shaoxing Opera Shaoxing Opera Shaoxing Opera Shaoxing Local Opera
Originated in the rural areas of Shengxian County (now Shengzhou City), it was called Shaoxing Opera in the early days because Shengxian County belonged to Shaoxing Prefecture. The rural folk tune originated from "singing the earth script" is called "Little Brother Class". They are only equipped with rulers and drums, and then gradually add silk strings and percussion instruments. They are conducted by the drum board, and the sound of "DuDu" is endless when playing, commonly known as "DuDu Class".
In the 1920s, Yue Opera entered Shanghai and was renamed as Yue Opera in the late 1930s. Exploration and reform in singing, performance, music and repertoire have become a major national drama.
It is good at expressing delicate thoughts and feelings, and its plays are mostly about love and family. Many famous Shaoxing opera actors created their own schools according to their own voice characteristics, which were inherited and carried forward by young actors.
Huqin has many kinds of boards, such as adagio, middle board, allegro, clear board, reverse board, horizontal tone, chanting tone and crying tone. Its singing is beautiful and soft, euphemistic and lyrical.
7. Shaoxing culture
Wu Peng boat, black felt hat; Social Opera, Shao Opera and Yue Opera; Water town, bridge town, wine town and calligraphy town are all cultural elements of Shaoxing ancient city.
20 10 Shaoxing successfully hosted the 6th World Chorus Games, the Shanghai World Expo Forum on "Economic Transformation and Urban Interaction" and the celebration of the 2500th anniversary of the founding of the city, and successfully bid for the 5th Lu Xun Literature Award Ceremony. By the end of 20 10, Shaoxing had 2 1 national "non-legacy" projects. There are 6 performing arts groups, 5 art galleries and cultural (museum) stations 125 in Shaoxing, and the total collection of public libraries is 2.366 million. Social drama is a traditional folk entertainment custom popular in Shaoxing. It is a drama of offering sacrifices to the country in the old Shaoxing Spring and Autumn Period to reward the country and pray for blessings.
Social drama originated from the custom of offering sacrifices to social gods (land gods) in rural areas in the Spring and Autumn Period. At first, the Spring Society prayed for a bumper harvest, and the Autumn Society celebrated a bumper harvest for one year. Later, it developed into a performance to reward the gods and pray for blessings, and then it became a folk cultural and entertainment activity along the tradition. The custom of performing social drama in Shaoxing was popular as early as the Southern Song Dynasty, and it was still popular in the late Qing Dynasty. Tomb of Dayu Kite Festival, March 22-April 15, location: Huiji Mountain.
Huiji Mountain Cherry Blossom Festival, time: March 25th to April 15, location: Huiji Mountain Cherry Blossom Forest.
Lanting International Calligraphy Festival, time: March to April every year in the lunar calendar, location: Lanting.
Shaoxing Yellow Rice Wine Festival, time: every year 10.
Public sacrifice to Dayu, time: Tomb-Sweeping Day, location: Huiji Mountain.
Lu Xun's hometown celebrates the New Year. Time: Lunar New Year. Venue: Lu Xun's hometown scenic spot.
Huiji Mountain Food Carnival, time: Lunar New Year, location: Huiji Mountain Dayu Tomb Scenic Area.
Houshan Peach Blossom Festival, time: March-April every year, location: Houshan.
Ke Yan Xianglin Osmanthus Festival, time: autumn season, location: Shaoxing dialect of Xianglin, belonging to Wu dialect, belonging to Shaolin film of Taihu Lake in Wu dialect.
Shaoxing dialect is an important part of Shaoxing culture.
8. Shaoxing history and culture, Shaoxing opera culture, Shaoxing tea culture, Shaoxing bridge culture and Shaoxing water culture.
Religious culture: In the pre-Qin period, Shaoxing was dominated by Yue people.
After the Qin and Han Dynasties, with the massive southward migration of the Han nationality in the Central Plains and the mutual integration of various ethnic groups, the Han nationality occupied a dominant position in Shaoxing. At the same time, ethnic minorities live in Shaoxing.
After 1978, the exchanges between various regions and ethnic groups have increased day by day, and the residents of Shaoxing ethnic minorities have also increased greatly. Shaoxing is a place where many religions coexist, and people have diverse religious beliefs.
Taoism was the first to spread. Wei Boyang, an alchemist of Shangyu in the Eastern Han Dynasty, wrote the book "Zhouyi Shentongqi", which referred to the three theories of "great righteousness", "Huang Lao" and "activating collaterals", and systematically discussed the Taoist alchemy for the first time, and was praised as "the king of eternal Dan" by later generations. In the first year of Jianwu in the Eastern Jin Dynasty (3 17), Ge Hong, a famous Taoist theorist who wrote Bao Puzi, went to build a house to collect records and practice alchemy.
Later, Indian Buddhism was introduced into Huiji. During the period of Zhong Ping in the Eastern Han Dynasty (184~ 189), An Shigao, a monk from an interest country (now Iran), came here to collect folk songs and preach Buddhism.
Since then, Shaoxing monks have come forth in large numbers, with many famous temples. Among the eminent monks, Hui Jue, a Buddhist historian in the Liang Dynasty, Ji Zang, the founder of the Three Debates in Sui and Tang Dynasties, Cheng Guan, the fourth ancestor of Huayanzong in Tang Dynasty, and Liang Shan, the ancestor of Cao Dongzong in the Five Dynasties, are the most famous. Various sects, such as Huayan Sect, Legalist Sect, Pure Land Sect, Tantric Sect, Sanlun Sect, Zen Sect, etc. , all in domestic circulation.
In the Tang Dynasty, Yuezhou became an important place for Buddhist activities in the south of the Yangtze River and a post station for foreign exchanges. Four of Japan's "Eight Schools of Entering the Tang Dynasty", the most sincere, round-hearted, round-precious and empty-sea, all came to Yuezhou to seek dharma, and after returning to China, they created a great spread of Buddhism, which had a far-reaching influence in Japanese Buddhist circles. 1982, the Japanese air and sea delegation came to Shaoxing to find their roots and ancestors, leaving a much-told story in the history of Sino-Japanese cultural exchanges.
After the founding of New China, many famous Buddhist temples were repaired, some famous mages were promoted to give lectures, and major Buddhist activities were held one after another. Taoism was almost completely annihilated; Christianity and Catholicism got rid of the control of foreign churches and achieved healthy development through the reform movement of patriotism and love for religion. There are more than 50,000 religious believers in the city, accounting for 1 of the total population.
2%, including Christians 4. 430,000, 365 Catholics, 252 Buddhist monks and nuns, about 1 person.
250,000; There are 18 patriotic organizations at all levels and 2 18 places for religious activities in the city. Christians work, live and participate in religious activities in various fields. They love their country and religion and feel comfortable.