The Frontier of the Universe: Design of Chinese Teaching Plan in Senior High School
Theme content and analysis
The vast universe is boundless, and people have had endless reverie about the universe since ancient times. Since the emergence of science, people have never stopped exploring the universe. With the development of science and technology, people are more and more eager to understand the mystery of the universe-carl sagan will lead us to the forefront of the universe.
Second, the teaching objectives and analysis
Knowledge education goal
1. Guide students to connect with reality and understand the characteristics of the commentary.
2. Guide students to know some basic knowledge about the universe. ?
Ability training goal
1. Guide students to understand the author's thinking about the universe and human beings with the help of incisive arguments and passionate emotional expressions in the text and guide them to think for themselves.
2. Expand students' thinking level and cultural literacy.
Moral education infiltration goal
Stimulate students' curiosity and exploration spirit.
Third, the problem diagnosis and analysis
1. Guide students to connect with reality and understand the characteristics of the commentary.
2. Guide students to understand the author's thinking about the universe and human beings with the help of incisive arguments and passionate emotional expressions in the text, and guide them to think for themselves.
Fourth, the teaching content and analysis
first kind
First, the introduction of new courses.
The universe is infinite, but we know little about it. This popular science article will enrich our understanding of the universe. ?
The frontier of the universe
Second, clear goals?
1. Guide students to connect with reality and understand the characteristics of the commentary.
2. Guide students to understand the author's thinking about the universe and human beings with the help of incisive arguments and passionate emotional expressions in the text, and guide them to think independently.
Third, overall perception.
1. About the author
Carl sagan (1934— 1996), an American, was once the director of the Center for Planetary Research at Cornell University, and was called a "public astronomer" and a "public scientist". With his passion for science and great personal influence, he led generations of young people to explore science. He played an important role in sending unmanned spacecraft into space and made many achievements in planetary science, the origin of life and the exploration of alien intelligence. He has hosted TV popular science programs and published a large number of popular science articles and books. His "Flying Dragon in the Garden of Eden" won the Pulitzer Prize, and the TV series "Universe" received a warm response all over the world. His major works include Cosmic Connection, Cosmos, Brouca's Brain, The Shadow of the Forgotten Predecessors, The Dark Blue Dot, A Billion Planets, etc.
2. Stylistic features of comments
The text is the commentary of a TV movie, which has the following characteristics:
(1) The commentary should be based on the characteristics of the narrator, with clear themes and key points, and cannot cover everything. It should highlight the main aspects of things, grasp the key points of things, and even the expanded content should not deviate from the theme of the commentary. If the object of text explanation is the universe, then it should be introduced in close connection with the composition of the universe, and other problems should not be brought up at will.
(2) Commentary supplements and increases the narrator's relevant information, mainly the expansion of knowledge and reason, which makes readers accept the meaning that pictures and objects themselves cannot convey and express. For example, the introduction of the basic concept of light-year (knowledge expansion) in this paper compares the universe to the sea and stimulates readers' imagination of the universe (rational expansion).
(3) Commentary is an organic whole, but each part is relatively independent. From the whole universe to the composition of galaxies to the solar system, although all parts are closely related, they have their own emphases and centers.
3. The order of this article.
Commentary has a certain visual quality, and it slowly advances from large-scale space to small-scale space with the camera lens. As far as our reading is concerned, the text has been separated from the TV visual picture (you can also feel the influence of the TV picture on the text, such as the introductory text "We have now returned to our backyard") and has become an independent article. From the order of interpretation, it is taken according to spatial order:
Planets in the solar system, stars in cosmic galaxies (galaxy groups, daughter galaxies)
This instruction sequence has the following advantages:
(1) Although we live in the universe, we jump out of the universe and explain it as a purely objective object, so that we can introduce it more clearly and intuitively.
(2) The spatial scale is from large to small, so that readers can first understand the whole and then go deep into the local details, so that the order is clear and the levels are clear, which is in line with readers' thinking habits.
(3) From the vast universe, through the endless space, and finally back to the home of mankind, this is a process of exploration and discovery, which shows human admiration for the universe and enthusiasm for "mastering their own destiny". The future of mankind depends on our understanding of the universe. Looking back at the earth from the universe is the road to the future of mankind. The order of explanation accords with the author's idea.
Four, the key and difficult learning and goal completion process
1. Asking questions This article uses a lot of arguments and lyrical techniques. What's the role?
Obviously, the writing has supplemented a lot of relevant knowledge, but what is more prominent is that the author expressed his thoughts and feelings, including a long discussion and lyricism. For example, the first three paragraphs and the last two paragraphs are strongly argumentative and lyrical, integrating reasoning and lyricism, and naturally cooperating with explanatory words to convey the author's understanding of the universe and mankind. Comments and lyricism in the paragraph can also be seen everywhere, for example, "If we are left in the universe at will, our chances of attaching to or falling next to a planet are only one in 1033. In daily life, such opportunities are' enviable'. It can be seen how precious celestial bodies are. "
2. Q: Man's understanding of the universe began with the earth. Why didn't the author explain it along the track of human understanding development?
Obviously, it is not unreasonable to introduce it according to the course of human understanding of the universe. The introduction order of the text conforms to the law of the evolution of the universe. First there is the universe, then there are galaxies, then there are stars, then there are planets, so it is convenient to sort out knowledge; Secondly, this is the commentary of a TV series. From the point of view of photography, it is easy to grasp the whole first and then the part, and it is easy to show confusion and the visual picture is not harmonious.
3. What does the author know about the universe?
Make it clear that the universe is vast and mysterious. The earth where human beings live is just a drop in the ocean in the universe. "Its existence may only mean something to us." The universe does not exist because of the earth and the people living on it, but the future of mankind depends on the degree of understanding of the universe.
4. What does the author know about human beings?
Obviously, human beings are insignificant in the universe, "just a dust flying in the morning window"; Most of the problems that human beings care about are insignificant and meaningless to the universe; But human beings are brave and glorious. They explore the vast universe with their small bodies. The smallness of human beings is as great as the universe.
Step 5 ask questions. Is there a long discussion and lyricism in the text that interferes with the interpretation of the universe?
Being clear as the commentary of TV series, we should not only let the audience know the objective composition and related knowledge of the universe, but also express the subjective understanding of the universe and the significance of human exploration of the universe, so as to infect the audience and stimulate their interest in the universe. Therefore, discussion and lyricism not only did not interfere with the introduction, but made it more scientific and humanistic.
Five, the class summary:
Exploring the vast universe, human beings will be as great as the universe when they are young.
Six, target detection:
(1) Basic knowledge
1, the pronunciation of the following words is completely correct ()
The frontier of the universe: the design of Chinese teaching plan in senior high school II
Teaching objectives
1, familiar with the text, and clear the interpretation level and order of the article.
2. Cooperate to explore and master the characteristics of commentary, and clarify the role of discussion and lyricism.
3. Understand the author's understanding of the universe and human beings, and cultivate the spirit of being brave in exploring and discovering truth.
Teaching emphases and difficulties
1, connect with reality and understand the characteristics of comments.
2. Learn the text, understand the author's thinking about the universe and human beings, and cultivate the spirit of exploration and discovery.
Arrange a class.
teaching process
Hugo, a great French romantic writer who was introduced into the19th century, once said, "The widest thing in the world is the sea, the sky is wider than the sea, and the human mind is wider than the sky." How broad-minded is a person? Please let us know the sky first-the vastness of the universe. Today we study Carl? Sagan's famous popular science article "The Frontier of the Universe" Let's look at this topic "The Frontier of the Universe". Obviously, the object of the article is the universe, so the teacher asks you, does the universe have boundaries? With questions, let's study together and find out the answers from the text.
2. Overall perception
1) Introduction to the author: First, let's look at the author. The author of this article is Carl? American Sagan is the director of the Center for Planetary Research at Cornell University. Known as the "popular astronomer". He guided generations of young Americans to explore planetary science, the origin of life and extraterrestrial intelligence. His TV series "Universe" has aroused strong repercussions in the world. The popular science book Cosmos with TV series Cosmos has been published in more than 80 countries. It is the best-selling English popular science book in history. His major works include The Dragon in the Garden of Eden, Cosmic Connection, Brouca's Brain, The Shadow of the Forgotten Predecessors, Dim Blue Dot, A Billion Planets, etc. And this article is the author's comment on the universe. Then what is a comment? It is a kind of text description with pictures or objects, which allows the audience to gain a deep understanding with the help of certain text introduction. Often appear in sports meetings, parties and other occasions.
2) Read the full text quickly, find out the object of interpretation and think about the order of interpretation.
Universe (1-6)- galaxy (galaxy group, sub-galaxy) (7-9)- star (12- 14)- solar system (15- 16)- Earth (Earth).
3) Let's think about why the article should be explained in this order.
Design of Chinese Teaching Plan for "The Frontier of the Universe" in Senior Three.
background information
I. Introduction to the author
Carl sagan (1934— 1996), an American, was once the director of the Center for Planetary Research at Cornell University, and was called a "public astronomer" and a "public scientist". With his passion for science and great personal influence, he led generations of young people to explore science. He played an important role in sending unmanned spacecraft into space and made many achievements in planetary science, the origin of life and the exploration of alien intelligence. He has hosted TV popular science programs and published a large number of popular science articles and books. His "Flying Dragon in the Garden of Eden" won the Pulitzer Prize, and the TV series "Universe" received a warm response all over the world. His major works include Cosmic Connection, Cosmos, Brouca's Brain, The Shadow of the Forgotten Predecessors, The Dark Blue Dot, A Billion Planets, etc.
Second, the debate about the birth of the universe (Tim Redford)
At present, two masters who study the universe in the world are at loggerheads on the starting point and continuation of time. Mathematicians and physicists are reading two papers. They hold different views on why the universe may never end.
On the one hand, the wheelchair-bound cosmologist Stephen Hawking (who is probably the most famous scientist still alive) and his colleague Neil turok from Cambridge University put forward the argument in a paper to be published by Physical Express, that what happens in the millionth of a second may determine the eternal nature of the universe.
On the other hand, andrei linde, a Russian physicist, who is one of the main experts in inflation theory and tries to explain what happened at the first moment, said in his published paper that Hawking and turok misunderstood that it is meaningless to try to find the beginning or end of time because the universe born by explosion like ours appears all the time.
The essence of this debate is a major issue. All the evidence shows that our universe has a beginning, which includes space and time. Our universe has expanded for 654.38+0.5 billion years. So, before the birth of our universe, was there a universe? Will the expansion of the universe end?
Astronomers have repeatedly assumed that the density of our universe is not enough to stop its own expansion. After billions of years, all galaxies will decline, but the remnants of galaxies with embers will drift forever, and the distance between them will become farther and farther. Hawking tested some of Einstein's ideas in his latest paper and reached the same conclusion by using pure theory: the future of our universe is determined by the conditions when it was born.
Professor martin rees, an astronomer, said recently: "They claim that they have established a model of the low-density universe theory in a more natural way than other hypotheses of these problems. This is a catastrophe theory that makes use of some ideas put forward by Hawking earlier. " He also said that Linde thought that Hawking and turok's theoretical model did not give the correct density of the universe. Their theory was attacked by Linde, a master of celestial literature.
Both views are based on a moment called the expansion of the universe. At the moment when the universe expanded, the universe was born out of nothing, and it expanded much faster than the speed of light. This expansion is an anti-gravity. But this argument holds that because gravity is negative energy, this anti-gravity must represent positive energy. Einstein's theory holds that matter is only frozen energy, so all stars and galaxies will collapse because of their inherent energy at the moment of expansion.
The expansion of the universe fascinated astronomers 17 years. Will it form a universe that reaches a critical balance between expansion and collapse? Or will it form a "negative curve" and an infinite universe in the future? Professor martin rees said: "This is what Linde, Hawking and turok are trying to find out. They are all trying their best to get different expansion results, so that we can deduce the final unified universe with negative curves. The new thing in Hawking-turok's paper will prove that you can do this more naturally. "
Hawking's new argument means that philosophers now have to consider the beginning and end of time. This may be a more headache.
Professor martin rees said, "Linde believes in what he calls eternal expansion. Once a universe operates, it will continue to expand and give birth to a new big bang. One of Linde's objections is that he doesn't think Hawking's Big Bang exists at all. If there is a big explosion, it will cause countless big explosions. If this is the case, the initial conditions that Hawking cares about will disappear into the fog of cosmic history deeper than we can expect. "
(Selected from Essays on Everyone's Knowledge, translated by Li Shaoming, China Literature Publishing House, 2000).
Demonstration lesson plan
The boundary of the universe
Teaching objectives
First, the goal of knowledge education
1. Guide students to connect with reality and understand the characteristics of the commentary.
2. Guide students to know some basic knowledge about the universe.
Second, the ability training objectives
1. Guide students to understand the author's thinking about the universe and human beings with the help of incisive arguments and passionate emotional expressions in the text and guide them to think for themselves.
2. Expand students' thinking level and cultural literacy.
Third, the goal of moral education infiltration.
Stimulate students' curiosity and exploration spirit.
Key points, difficulties and solutions
1. Guide students to connect with reality and understand the characteristics of the commentary.
2. Guide students to understand the author's thinking about the universe and human beings with the help of incisive arguments and passionate emotional expressions in the text, and guide them to think for themselves.
Student activity design
1. Read and analyze the structure of the full text.
2. Guide students to understand the author's thinking about the universe and human beings with the help of incisive arguments and passionate emotional expressions in the text, and guide them to think for themselves.
Teaching step
First, the introduction of new courses.
The vast universe is boundless, and people have had endless reverie about the universe since ancient times. Since the emergence of science, people have never stopped exploring the universe. With the development of science and technology, people are more and more eager to understand the mysteries of the universe.
The frontier of the universe
Second, clear objectives.