order

The original intention of implementing the project supervision system in China is to implement the project.

Project management, that is, the whole process of the project entrusted by the owner,

All-round planning, management and supervision. Electric power engineering supervision

With the development of economy and the deepening of reform, it has made great progress.

The scale of management is getting bigger and bigger, the system is getting better and better, and the role is getting bigger and bigger.

It is increasingly obvious that a number of influential supervision enterprises have emerged.

Industry. It is a modern work for engineering supervision enterprises to develop into project management companies.

The development trend and requirements of engineering construction management; It is also a supervision enterprise.

The need to be in line with international standards is to push the supervision cause of China to a new height.

Degree and the inevitable trend of high-level development.

1, characteristics of electric power construction projects and current situation of project management

1. 1 Characteristics of electric power construction projects

Electric power construction projects are different from other industries, with outstanding

Industry characteristics: capital-intensive, technology-intensive, high quality and safety requirements.

High, complete equipment, many cooperative units, long construction period, construction

The project is small and scattered, and the quality of construction units is uneven.

1.2 current situation of power construction project management

Due to the monopoly characteristics of the power industry, most of the electricity

Electric power companies have their own tertiary industry enterprises, electric power supervision enterprises.

Li is no exception. It's a third-class enterprise of the power company.

At present, the dependence between tertiary industry enterprises and power companies is still very prominent.

Because of this management system, the management of power engineering projects still accounts for the majority.

The traditional project management mode is reserved, and the project legal person is unwilling to do so.

Or unwilling to hand over the investment, schedule and contract management right to the supervisor,

The supervision work nominally implements four controls, two management and one coordination, but

The essence is just quality control, until recently because of safety accidents.

Frequently, in order to avoid responsibility, the security control work was handed over to the prison.

Reason. The traditional project management mode is shown in the following figure:

…….

Figure 1 Traditional Project Management Mode

As the owner directly entrusts the design, the materials are directly set.

Procurement and supervision are only responsible for the so-called four controls in the project construction stage.

Two pipes and one coordination. Due to the current national power shortage,

Power construction projects are developing at an extraordinary speed, and the project is approved.

Many projects have brought many problems to all parties in engineering construction. First of all,

The owner's construction task is heavy, so it is impossible to do the feasibility study in the early stage of the project.

Fines; Secondly, the design unit has a heavy task and the quality of engineering design is worrying.

Can't get the protection it deserves; Thirdly, the supply of materials and equipment is tight, and the factory

The output of the family is large, and the quality of materials and equipment cannot be guaranteed; also

The construction unit has many tasks, including subcontracting, subcontracting and temporary employment.

The phenomenon is outstanding. These were handed over to the supervision of electric power construction projects.

Management brings difficulties, which seriously affects the construction quality of the project. because

It is said that the traditional project management mode has been unable to adapt to the rapid development of electric power.

To meet the needs of rapid development, the main shortcomings are: long project construction period;

The owner's management cost is high; High cost of alteration and claim;

It will cost a lot of money before the cost of the whole project is clear; It can only be

Limited subcontractor competition.

2. The connotation of project management

Project management is also called project management mode.

Type), refers to provide from the beginning of the project, throughout the design, construction,

The whole process of project handover, even extending to the management stage, covers a wide range.

Extensive consulting services. Its specific work contents include: project establishment

Target, feasibility study, conceptual design, site selection analysis, alternative scheme

Scheme analysis, evaluation, value engineering, design and construction contracting.

Analysis, supervision and facilities management, etc. Because the project construction has been

Unique and one-off characteristics, so it contains the uncertainty of the effect.

Make love. Project management requires the project management unit to use knowledge and technology.

Ability, tools and technology meet and exceed the requirements of the project owner.

Needs and expectations. Seek the best among construction period, investment and quality.

Balance point, in order to make the owner get the maximum benefit. Mainly project management.

Have the following work:

2.l, project plan management and comprehensive coordination

The management of engineering projects is complicated and the working process is complicated.

Ever-changing, there is no complete work plan and comprehensive coordination.

Can not meet the needs and expectations of the owners. The main process is:

Collect information from all sides and make and summarize a coherent plan.

Draw a book, through the prescribed work implementation plan, change according to the goal.

Situation, timely and effectively adjust the plan, strengthen control.

Ensure the realization of the planned objectives.

2.2. Division of tasks and determination of objectives in each stage of the project.

In order to ensure the realization of the overall goal, it is necessary to

And the work will be refined and decomposed to the relevant units, departments or

People. Determine the scope, objectives and standards of the work. Duige

The comprehensive management department shall collect the task completion in time,

Analyze, adjust and control to achieve the goal of each subproject.

The overall goal has been achieved.

2.3, project schedule management and process control

The project should be grasped from the date of approval of the project proposal.

Degree of management, determine the completion time of each project, and analyze each activity.

The dependence between them, confirm the time required for the process, and make a timetable.

Plan, adjust and control the change of schedule and control the progress of the project.

Planning, especially complex and large-scale industrial construction projects, must not only

Only control the contractor's construction progress, but should control the projects that affect the project.

The purpose of all the conditions of progress. Such as design, foreign negotiation and signing, design

Equipment, material procurement, energy and medium supply, production personnel, technology,

Material preparation and so on.

2.4, investment control and cost management

The purpose of investment control is to ensure that it is completed within the approved budget.

The process of an engineering project. Planning and pricing according to resource requirements

Calculate the required funds, prepare the fund use plan and allocate it to

In every project and work. Starting with the design of the project

From the very beginning, we should strictly control and restrict the design, by controlling the design changes.

And reduce the contractor's claims, so as to achieve the purpose of controlling investment.

2.5, quality and safety control management

Determine the safety objectives, quality standards and technical requirements of the project.

Q, regularly evaluate the overall project implementation to improve the correlation.

Confidence of units and personnel in meeting quality standards and safety objectives. root

According to the actual situation, analyze whether it meets the safety objectives and quality standards.

Formulate corresponding measures to eliminate the situation that leads to dissatisfaction.

2.6, material procurement and contract management

This project needs a variety of materials and equipment.

Large quantity and improper handling will affect the realization of the whole project.

It is necessary to strengthen the management and control of procurement. First decide when

What to buy, determine the potential source of goods, and then sign the contract through inquiry and bidding.

At the same time, supervise the timely supply of quality and quantity.

2.7, information communication

Ensure timely and correct generation, collection, publication, storage and

The ultimate processor of project information is the necessary contact person of the project.

Type, any information missing or communication is not timely will affect the whole.

Progress of three engineering projects. Establish an information coding system to bridge the information gap

Overall planning and implementation of inspection system.

2.8, project risk management

Project management agencies should know how to identify risks, points

Analyze and deal with risks. Adjust countermeasures to expand the influence of positive events,

Minimize the impact of negative events.

3. Internal relationship between project supervision and project management.

Project management knowledge in project management institute, USA

Knowledge system is the professional knowledge of project management.

It divides project management into nine knowledge fields.

That is, scope management, time management, cost management, quality management, people

Human resource management, communication management, procurement management, risk management and

Integrated management.

At present, the supervision system is widely implemented in engineering construction in China.

Combined with project management institute (PMI) project management knowledge.

The basic content of system (P M B O K) and the main content of project supervision.

The author thinks that engineering supervision is a modern project.

Project supervision is an important form of project management.

Responsibilities contain the basic connotation of modern project management.

In China, the supervision engineer is an independent third party.

The triangle formed by the owner, contractor and supervisor is not an equilateral triangle.

Yes, the usual situation is that the supervisor must lean towards the owner and accept it.

Work entrusted by the owner. Main work contents of project supervision

Ability is "three controls and two pipes", that is, engineering quality,

Control the progress and cost, and control the project contract at the same time.

And information. As can be seen from the analysis in this paper,

The basic contents of PMBOK and the work contents of project supervision are as follows

Have a close relationship.

3. 1 comparison of scope management

The main task of project scope management is to determine and control.

Work content should be included in the scope of the project, just like other projects.

The management process plays a guiding role. From the perspective of project management science, the project

The first phase of the project life cycle begins with identifying requirements, problems or machines.

Finally, a request for proposals needs to be issued. Prepare RFP

The purpose of this paper is to discuss in detail from the perspective of the owner as follows.

In order to meet the requirements, what preparations need to be made should be clearly defined in the project.

Objectives, project objectives must be clear, feasible, concrete and feasible.

Measurement, and keep consistent with the relevant parties.

3.2 Comparison of schedule management

Schedule management is a key function in project management.

It is very important to control the progress of the project. Based on scope management

On this basis, by determining and adjusting the reasonable working order and working week.

Period and schedule management can meet the project time requirements,

Make resource allocation and cost reach the best state. It is worth noting that,

The progress is a planned timetable, and the progress should be arranged as planned. count

Plan to decide what needs to be done, who will do it, how long it will take and how much it will cost.

How much and so on.

PMBOK proposed that project schedule management usually consists of the following five items.

Specific task composition: activity definition, activity sequence and activity time.

Time estimation, project schedule preparation and project schedule control.

Project management and project supervision in project progress

Generally speaking, the methods provided in degree control are basically the same.

Yes The project is unique. According to different project organizational structures,

The owner is responsible, according to his different roles in the project team,

Coordinate with each other to manage the progress of the project, which is in

Information system construction is no exception.

3.3 Comparison of cost management

In PMBOK, the idea of project cost management is

Very clearly, it can usually be divided into the following four steps:

The first is to make a resource planning. The resource plan has been determined, in order to complete it.

Resources (personnel, equipment, materials) required for each activity in the project.

WBS is the most basic input of project resource planning, which needs to be combined with various

Resource use requirements, and formulate the specific resource requirements of the project.

Beg.

The second is to estimate the cost. Using WB/S, resource requirements,

Cost elements such as resource unit price and activity time estimation are estimated through related

Algorithm or project management software to obtain the cost estimate of the project.

Calculate the approximate cost of each resource needed to complete the project.

The third is the budget cost. Use cost estimation and WBS confirmation

Recognizing the details of the project and considering the progress of the project will become the responsibility.

Assign specific details to the project and establish an overall forecast for each work package.

Calculate the cost (to be determined). As a general rule, when the actual cost exceeds fatigue,

When calculating the budget cost (C B C), we should pay attention to regulation.

The fourth is to control costs. Investment control of engineering supervision

The main idea is to compare the actual expenditure with the planned investment.

Then combined with the project schedule to control. This basic idea is related to

PMBOK is very similar, but due to the different management systems,

Especially the difference of project accounting management level, in practice,

It takes time to adapt.

3.4 Comparison of Quality Management

In the construction of information system, supervision engineers often put the system

Quality control is the most important, which comes from ISO 9000 quality assurance.

The height of the certification system to control and standardize the boundaries of all parties in the project team.

Because. PMBOK introduced the content of project quality management.

It is pointed out that the basic scheme of quality management discussed in this part aims at

With the international organization for standardization in ISO 9000 and ISO 10006 quality

The system standard is consistent with the scheme proposed in the guide. Therefore,

Guiding ideology of project management and engineering supervision in quality management

Is completely consistent, ISO 9000 and ISO 65438 branch each other +00006.

Hold and complement each other.

4. The gap between project supervision and project management

And cause analysis

According to the management connotation and particularity of the above project management company

Point, it is not difficult to compare the current situation of China electric power engineering supervision enterprises.

Found that the gap is obvious. Although some supervision enterprises have undertaken

Some engineering project management business is also incomplete and unsystematic. big

Most supervision enterprises are far from the requirements of project management. cause

There are mainly the following aspects:

4.l, the influence of planned economy has not been eliminated.

The implementation of supervision system is intended to reform the original construction management model.

Type, the implementation of modern project management system, but due to the plan

The influence of economic thinking has not been eliminated, and the project legal person is incomplete.

Give the investment, schedule and contract management rights to the supervisor, most of them

Supervision enterprises are only responsible for quality control and safety management. be in business

The subject and the contractor live in this gap, this positioning, responsibility.

The definition seriously restricts the development of supervision enterprises to project management enterprises.

The process.

4.2. The policy orientation of the supervision enterprise does not conform to the implementation of the supervision system.

The original intention of the government, too many doors and fragmented, is not conducive to the supervision of enterprises.

Fully participate in real project management.

Although the functions of government management departments have been built for more than ten years.

Great breakthroughs have been made in the reform of yarn system, but they stand in different positions.

Corner issued a series of regulations, just put a project.

The management was dismembered to pieces. For example, the qualification management regulations make supervision.

Enterprises lose money, have no performance, have no growth, and have no qualifications.

Beyond it, what is the relationship between chicken and egg? A big worker

The project involves various qualifications. Only one qualification can undertake one.

Industry supervision, the so-called Grade A qualification can be cross-industry, which often doesn't work. and

For example, the whole process of a complete engineering project is divided into: design

Supervision, bidding agency, cost consultation, price evaluation, equipment manufacturing.

Supervision, procurement bidding agent, plus preliminary engineering consulting qualification, etc.

Various requirements. Although we have been qualified for several years, we haven't got it yet.

It's really hard to get into a real project management unit.

4.3. Dependency system restricts supervision enterprises from participating in project management.

reason

The initial supervision enterprises are all attached to a parent company and become.

The three-level enterprises or subordinate enterprises of this matrix have developed to today.

Not divorced from the mother, this dependence system is doomed to supervision enterprises in

People, money and things all depend heavily on their mothers for survival and have no independent development.

Exhibition space, in human resources recruitment, employee benefits, market

Business development has no autonomy, only based on the completion of tasks.

The tasks assigned by superior leaders, the initiative and enthusiasm of enterprise managers

Dynamic can not be maximized, the original project management

Enterprise is a promising industry in line with international practice.

However, due to the dependent system of enterprises, it is difficult to limit their own development.

Get out of the small circle of project supervision and squeeze into the project management enterprise.

4.4, the construction supervision enterprise itself does not have the conditions to undertake the project.

Project management conditions

At present, the quality and form of supervision enterprises are mixed. Yougua

Depend, there are those who have rental qualifications, those who operate at low prices, and some who do.

Take supervision projects as jokes. These are all shaped by society.

As a result, a considerable number of owners are responsible for supervision.

The whole process management is not at ease. Where large-scale industrial projects, the owners

We should also organize a team to control the progress and investment of the project.

Thus forming a vicious circle, high-intelligence talents enter the supervision company but not.

The law played a role. In the long run, except for a few powerful regulators,

Divided, it will be eliminated by society. Although some supervision enterprises undertake

Part of the project management business is basically limited to construction.

The team's "three controls, two controls and one coordination" has not yet entered the early stage.

The scope of scientific research procurement is different from real project management.

Distance. The quality of personnel in supervision enterprises is generally low, and there is a lack of suitable projects.

Management talents, especially those in economy, commerce, management and law.

Lack of knowledge and ability. Lack of project managers and bilingual talents

Talents, market research talents, scheme design and evaluation experts, economy

Evaluate and invest in talents, financing management and enterprise management talents.

Compound talents and talents familiar with international practices can engage in international engineering projects.

Management personnel. Due to that influence on supervision enterprise and enterprise orientation

The unfair competition between them not only leads to low personnel quality and unreasonable structure, but also leads to a test.

The nuclear incentive mechanism is imperfect, the training cost is low, and it is difficult to transfer personnel.

It is difficult to form a project management enterprise with core competitiveness.

5, power engineering project management and the benefits of electricity

Force supervision company's future work direction

5. 1 Benefits of power engineering project management

In addition to the characteristics of power construction projects mentioned in this paper, power companies

Another outstanding feature of industrial engineering projects is that most of them are small and medium-sized projects.

Type-B engineering projects are scattered because of the large number of these small and medium-sized engineering projects.

And it is relatively difficult to manage. In the current engineering construction management system,

It is very suitable for adopting project management mode and project management mode.

The outstanding advantages of this formula are: reducing the work intensity of the owner; All pass

Project management to improve project quality; Improve work efficiency and shorten working hours.

Construction period; It is convenient to optimize the design scheme and reduce the project cost;

It is convenient for engineering coordination and reduces contradictions.

5.2 The future work direction of electric power supervision company

In February 2003, the Ministry of Construction issued Document No.30 [20O3].

On the cultivation and development of general contracting and project management

Enterprise guidance (hereinafter referred to as "guidance") refers to

Out: actively promoting general contracting and project management is: deep

Reform the implementation mode of China's engineering construction organization and improve the level of engineering construction

Set management level to ensure project quality, investment benefit and standard.

The need of market management; Supervision enterprises adjust management structure to adapt to

The world needs to speed up its integration with the international community; Implement the central government's "going out"

Development strategy, actively explore the needs of the international market. our country

The orientation of the construction supervision company itself should be to serve the owners.

Commercial project management company. Over the years, due to objective and subjective

The reason is that this goal has not been fully realized, and the Ministry of Construction is at issue.

The above-mentioned guidance issued on the basis of investigation is not only aimed at China.

The development of temporary building management points out the direction and provides opportunities for it.

How to Implement the Guiding Opinions for Electric Power Supervision Enterprises

Strive to improve their own level and develop into a project management company? The author realizes that

We should start from the following aspects.

(1) reform the existing supervision enterprise system, completely divorced from the mother.

Body, take the road of self-management, in human resources recruitment, post

Give full play to the autonomy of industry welfare treatment determination and market business development.

Management right, in line with international practice, promotes the development of enterprises themselves,

Get out of the strange circle of today's engineering supervision and report to the project management company.

Development.

(2) Talent building: As a project management company, it

The business scope is far wider than the current construction supervision company, which requires

The company is required to make great efforts in talent construction, and the company should make medium and long-term plans.

Human resource planning for the next period: on the one hand, make up your mind to train people in this company.

Talents, according to the requirements of compound, export-oriented and pioneering talents,

Pay attention to the ability and level of project management talents to

Cultivate the backbone of the company and retain talents; On the other hand, more.

In order to meet the needs of design/construction and EPC general contracting, we introduced outstanding talents.

The key to the management of such large-scale projects is to introduce some existing ones first.

It is necessary to introduce talents with design ability and management skills, as well as some countries.

International project management or international project contracting experience. Outside

The improvement of language ability is also very important.

(3) Take advantage of the opportunities in the world and actively seek jobs in foreign companies.

As partners. Strive for foreign cooperation in domestic and foreign-invested projects

Project management companies or consulting companies cooperate in project management. cooperate

The purpose is to learn from the outside according to stricter project management requirements.

The strength of China Company is that it has accumulated experience in practice. Pay special attention.

The purpose is to strive to form a joint venture in an equal partnership, and

Moreover, every department should arrange business backbones with good foreign languages.

Only in this way can we really learn from foreign experience and try not to subcontract only.

Part of the job is to "fight independently."

(4) Attach importance to actively exploring the market and increase the investment of the owner.

Publicity. Owners of China, whether government investors or not.

Some private owners mostly don't understand project management, so

An important task of the company is to increase publicity. Give it to the master

Party A introduces the content and process of project management and entrusts the project management company.

The necessity of professional management and the strength of our company.

We should take the initiative to open up the market instead of waiting for the tender, because the owners can

But often don't mention the content of project management bidding.

(5) Actively establish a database. Complete the whole process of the project.

The management requirements of a company are very high, and it is necessary to implement special personnel.

Collect and study the following information and establish an information base.

* Mode and management of various international engineering projects.

The content of;

* Relevant contracts of various international project management modes.

Model;

* Related projects of various international project management modes.

Show rewards, unqualified dismissal. Sixth, the management system.

On the basis of the existing reference department, the two-level management of library and department is implemented.

Science and Reference Department is fully responsible for the daily management of subject librarians.

Work; The library is mainly responsible for providing conditions to ensure investment and goals.

Standard evaluation.