Primary school students' reading is the primary stage of life learning, and it is a good opportunity for "a blank sheet of paper can draw the latest and most beautiful pictures", but it is also easy to be damaged by careless pen and ink. The enlightenment and series of primary school students' reading mainly developed from literacy and words to sentences, paragraphs and articles. Both language form and ideological content must be gradual, which is conducive to mastering systematic knowledge. However, due to their young age, lack of life experience and insufficient knowledge reserve. The correct reading method of primary school students is not formed naturally, but gradually formed through continuous accumulation and summary in reading practice. In this process, teachers, as the guidance of students' reading, must have enough understanding of the general characteristics of students' reading, and give targeted guidance to different people according to these characteristics and individual differences in the reading process, so that students can develop good reading habits and reading methods as soon as possible and achieve the best reading effect.
Second, create a reading atmosphere and stimulate reading interest
Confucius once said, "Knowing is not as good as being kind, and being kind is not as good as being happy". Interest is the top priority of students' active learning. As the saying goes, interest is the forerunner of learning. As long as we find ways to stimulate students' interest in reading, students will naturally change from "asking me to learn" to "I want to learn", and then have a stronger interest in reading. Similarly, only when students are interested in reading can they have a positive demand for reading from the bottom of their hearts. Cultivating students' interest in extensive reading is the basic way to improve students' Chinese literacy and an effective means to improve classroom teaching efficiency. First of all, the school strives to create a good atmosphere for students "the sound of books is loud and full of campus". Then, highlight the characteristics of reading in the construction of class environment, such as learning garden and blackboard newspaper with the theme of promoting reading; Secondly, improve the class book corner, arrange and name bookcases to satisfy students' curiosity and reading interest.
Third, master reading methods and cultivate reading habits.
Mr. Ye Shengtao once said: "Good habits need to be practiced. In other words, it is not just a question of knowledge. Knowing what to do in your heart may not necessarily form a good habit. What must be done to form a good habit. " In the teaching practice for many years, we found that due to the restriction of our own psychological factors, the personality tendency of primary school students is not stable enough, which is characterized by strong imitation and lack of persistence, easy to generate interest and lack of concentration, emotional and lack of will, easy to perceive and difficult to abstract; They have not mastered the correct reading methods, nor have they formed lasting reading habits. Even in the senior year, their existing learning methods and habits are changeable. Therefore, we must pay attention to the correct guidance of primary school students' reading methods.
1, learn intensive reading and extensive reading. Reading is a process of communicating with the author's mind. Reading more books can enrich students' brains and beautify their hearts. Reading is divided into intensive reading and extensive reading. Extensive reading is a rough reading for acquiring knowledge. Intensive reading generally follows the three logical steps of "overall perception → local analysis → overall synthesis", such as checking, checking, circling and noting. In view of the fact that primary school students don't study hard and gain little, I set up a reading appreciation class in my class to guide students to learn intensive reading. Extensive reading refers to the browsing method of most popular books or books and newspapers with low reading value, that is, "browsing casually", or by reading the title, catalogue, content summary, preface and so on. , roughly understand its main content. In this regard, we closely combine the requirements of learning the actual content of grade textbooks, and appropriately put forward that students should read some extra-curricular books to help them deeply understand textbook knowledge, and also play an auxiliary role in other types of exams such as arithmetic.
2. Learn to choose reading. Knowledge is like the sea of Wang Yang, books are like gravel, and Liao is like numerous stars. Some of these books need to be studied carefully, while others need to be kept away (books with unhealthy contents). Reading a good book is like talking to a noble person. Reading a bad book is worse than not reading it. Therefore, Chinese teachers should give careful guidance on what books pupils read in and out of class. The new curriculum standard requires primary school students of all ages to read book titles, and lists books for students and parents, so that students and parents can buy and read books selectively, improve students' reading quality and broaden their reading horizons.
3. Learn to think while reading. Thinking while reading is the basic requirement of reading, and it is also the basis and premise of other methods. Mencius said: "Therefore, those who speak poetry don't harm words with words, and they don't harm their ambitions with words: they do it for gain." In other words, the author's thoughts are inferred from his own "meaning", that is, thoughts, knowledge and experience. For example, Lin said, "We should get 1 10", and what does "1 10" mean? Guide students to combine their stubborn personality, indomitable spirit, goal motivation and ambition to reverse the author's ambition.
4. Learn to write reading notes. Reading alone is not enough. As the saying goes, "a good memory is not as good as a bad writing." Read with your eyes, heart and hands. In our class and review stage, students are required to quickly receive useful information from written materials, so that students can understand that this is a positive, creative and highly focused carding process. When instructing reading, teachers ask students to "no pen and ink, no reading" and take reading notes while reading, so as to enhance the reading effect. You can also flexibly use a variety of methods to filter information, only choose the main information, and try to exclude secondary or irrelevant information. Teaching students to write reading notes should extract the original text, extract good words and sentences, write the main content of the article they read, the general idea of each part, cultivate the ability of induction and summary, express their reading feelings, and evaluate the characters, events and languages in the article. Ask students to repeat the main idea, concise the main points, write an outline, give feedback in time and check the reading effect.
Fourth, use various means to improve the reading effect.
The purpose of learning is application, and application is more active learning. As the saying goes, "You can learn from class and benefit from extracurricular activities". Make full use of all kinds of reading course resources, realize the connection and integration of reading education in and out of class, strengthen the stimulation of students' reading interest and the guidance of reading methods, encourage students to read in and out of class, and achieve the unity of quality and quantity: not only let them complete the quantitative provisions, but also let them really benefit from reading, and strive to make every reading an effective reading with language and spirit. Guide students from easy to difficult, from less to more, step by step, and adopt various effective means to improve students' reading effect.
1, establish a reading report system. Every day, the teacher takes 10 minutes in the reading class, and arranges two students to talk about their reading gains, and the rest of the students make comments. This can not only correct students' lack of reading in and out of class, but also broaden the knowledge of other students with the help of classmates, and also exercise students' oral expression ability. And organize a group reading report activity every once in a while, which can be oral, exhibition or written report, and can also be used to make book cards, newspaper clippings, handwritten newspapers and so on. Let students enjoy spiritual nutrition through various forms of reading reports.
2. Form a system to ensure reading time. Primary school students' self-control ability is relatively low, coupled with playful nature, most students need the supervision and guidance of teachers. There should be enough time to ensure reading in class, and there should also be some time to ensure reading outside class. Teachers should incorporate extracurricular reading into daily teaching management, combine extracurricular reading with comprehensive Chinese practice activities, and often lead students into reading rooms and libraries, so that students can freely go boating in the vast sea of books. In addition, students are usually required to study for at least 20 minutes every day, take reading notes, and record words, sentences, paragraphs and articles that they are interested in or find beautiful. After a long time, students' habits become natural, and reading after class becomes an established system.
3. Cultivate students' abilities of self-study, since the enlightenment and self-satisfaction. Let students search for information independently, understand the meaning of words, make clear the writing order and main content of the article, draw keywords and paragraphs, understand the content of the text, think and ask questions that they don't understand in the initial reading, then read, think, draw and perform keywords and paragraphs, use multiple senses to understand the language meaning, resonate with the emotions of the text, and explore the language rules. Finally, let the students talk about which sentences they understand and why the article is so propositional. Start and end like this? What is written in the text? How to write? Where is this written? Do you know why it is written like this? These are all for students to experience.
4. Insist on reading and pay attention to various forms. Reading comprehension is based on perception and experience. The ancients said: "A book can be read a hundred times, and then its meaning will be known. If you read well, you will know what you mean if you don't let go. " Students fully read, feel as a whole in reading, feel something in reading, cultivate a sense of language in reading and be influenced by emotions in reading. Students can read in many ways, such as free reading, easy reading, silent reading, loud reading, role reading, group reading, chanting, reciting, acting and so on.