Wing style
Yu Shinan
Dancing with light sleeves,
There is a song around the beam.
Move branches and create chaos,
Blowing flowers to send fragrance far away.
Yu Shinan (558-638), a native of Yuyao, Zhejiang Province, was one of the four great calligraphers in the early Tang Dynasty. Learn calligraphy with the wise and brave monk since childhood. The so-called "victory over mountains and rivers" means that he is convinced of Wang's brushwork. It was valued by Emperor Taizong and Li Shimin. Since the Tang Dynasty, emperors have imitated Wang Xizhi's calligraphy style. Emperor Taizong once asked Wang Xizhi's calligraphy with gold and silk, and the world competed for ancient books with the intention of offering them. Yu's calligraphy inherits more than creates, and Yu Shinan is knowledgeable, honest and sincere, and is deeply favored. Emperor Taizong vowed to learn from Wang Xizhi and Yu Shinan, which shows his great influence. Later generations have different opinions on "Yu Ti". His pen is round and square, soft on the outside and rigid on the inside, with little carving and anger, and his cursive script is almost a direct biography of Tang Wang's cursive script.
Of noble birth.
Yu Shinan (558-638), a native of Yuyao, Zhejiang, was one of the four great calligraphers in the early Tang Dynasty. Born into a noble family. From the Three Kingdoms to the Tang Dynasty. In the family, there are many famous people, including Yu Fan (164-233), a historian of Wu State, and Yu Yu (28 1-356), an astronomer of the Eastern Jin Dynasty. There are also several famous calligraphers, such as Yu (hehe), a calligrapher in the Taihe period of the Southern Song Dynasty. He wrote a list of books handed down from generation to generation. He wrote a cursive script of ancient and modern wonders, paper color axis, and the number of true and false volumes. Zeng Shangshu, Chao Shangzhi, Xu Xixiu, Sun et al. Another one is Yu Shiqi (? -6 18), a good official of Chen Sui Dynasty, was Yu Shinan's brother.
The most famous Yu family is Yu Shinan. He was born in Yongding, Southern Dynasties. Grandfather Yu Jian consulted Liang Shihang, the king of the Southern Dynasties. His father, Li Yu, was the illegitimate child of Chen in the Southern Dynasties. Shu Yu appointed him as Chen's assistant minister of Chinese books. Yu Shinan adopted his uncle as his son since he was a child, so he took the word "world" and Shinan was quiet. Dedication and diligence. When I was a teenager, my brother Shi Jie and I worked in Gu (519-581) in Wuxian. For more than ten years, Gu has been a calligrapher in the Southern Dynasties. Guang Luqing, the official assistant minister of Huangmen, knew all about the strange characters of insects. Unfortunately, his book trace is now unknown. Yu Shinan is diligent and eager to learn, and admires Xu Ling (507-585), a writer and servant of Shangshu in the Southern Dynasties, who studied Xu Ling's composition and was graceful and restrained. And it is Xu Ling's own recognition. Li Yu, the biological father, died during the reign of Emperor Wendi of the Southern Dynasties (560-566). Emperor Wen praised the virtue, knowing that his two sons were very knowledgeable, he sent messengers to Yu's house to comfort and examine them. When Heather's mourning period expired, he was called to join the army as King Jian 'an, but he was trapped in the rebels because of his adoptive father. Still clothes and vegetables. It was not until the end of Taijian that Chen put down the rebellion that Yu sent it back. "Only then did you order Heather to release cloth and eat meat." After the demise of the Chen Dynasty (589), Heather and Shijie brothers entered Chang 'an together, and the literary title was heavy at that time. People compare it to Erlu (Luji, Lu Yun) in the Jin Dynasty. When Yang Di was the King of Jin, he heard about Yu Shinan's reputation, and he planned to hire him as a secretary. Heather turned her mother's old saying into the truth. After Yang Di ascended the throne, he was awarded the Secretary Lang in Daye (605-6 18) and moved to live in Sheren. Although Yang Di likes Yu Shinan's talent very much, he doesn't appreciate his integrity and doesn't really value him. At that time, Yu Shiqi was in charge of state affairs, and successively served as the assistant minister of literature and history, Dr. Guanglu, and his family life was luxurious. Although Yu Shinan lives with his brother, he still lives frugally and does not change his old habits. On the eve of the demise of the Sui Dynasty. Yu Wenhuaji will kill Yang-ti and Yu Shiqi, and Shinan will hold a title and ask him to be his brother. No, people praise his righteousness. Shinan went to Liaocheng with Yu Wenhuaji and served as assistant minister of Huangmen under Dou Jiande. It was not until Li Shimin, the king of Qin, destroyed Dou Jiande and took Yu Shinan as his bosom friend that he began to use it.
See you later, wise master
Yu Shinan was over sixty years old when he entered the Tang Dynasty. First he joined the army for Qin, and soon he became a clerk. Awarded a bachelor's degree in the library, and Fang * * * is in charge. On one occasion, Li Shimin ordered him to write a biography of women on the screen. There was no manuscript at that time, so Yu Shinan wrote it from memory, word for word. Li Shimin was made a prince, and Yu Shinan was the Scheeren among the princes. In 627 AD, Li Shimin acceded to the throne, so Nan was appointed as Assistant Minister of Imperial History and Bachelor of Hong Wen Pavilion. At that time, Yu Shinan was nearly old and asked to retire, but Emperor Taizong did not allow him to move to the right bastard of the Prince. Yu Shinan refused to accept his resignation, but was still appointed as a secretary with less supervision. In the sixth year of Zhenguan (633), he was promoted to secretary supervisor, who was in charge of books and works, and was known as "Yu Jian" in the world. Zhenguan eight years, sealing Yongxing County. Therefore, the history is called "Yu Yongxing".
Emperor Taizong greatly appreciated Yu Shinan's erudition, frankness, honesty and frankness, and often talked with him about learning and history in his spare time. Heather looks elegant, but strong-willed. Whenever we talk about the gains and losses of ancient emperors and kings, there are always exhortations and allegories. Emperor Taizong often said to his courtiers, "I lost a word with Yu Shinan and Shang Lue in my spare time, and I feel sorry for it. I am sincere. I use Jia Yan. "
After the death of Tang Gaozu tang gaozu, Li Shimin took the tomb of high-impedance Liu Bang as a model, and wrote a letter to build a mausoleum for his father, which was extremely long and thick. Waste people and money. Yu Shinan twice remonstrated that the people would be saved soon after the founding of the People's Republic of China and advocated "thin burial". Officials and officials also asked to follow the emperor's testament and live frugally. Under the exhortation of Yu Shinan and his ministers, the scale of the mausoleum was greatly reduced. Emperor Taizong loved hunting, so Nan dissuaded him many times. On one occasion, Emperor Taizong wrote a palace poem, calling on his ministers to respond. Yu Shinan is afraid that this kind of "elegant" poem will spread. The world is popular and has a bad influence, and refuses to write poetry. All this shows Yu Shinan's integrity and loyalty. Emperor Taizong often said that Yu Shinan has "five unique skills", namely, morality, loyalty, erudition, literature and prose. "One thing here is enough to be a famous minister", "Southerners are born with talent and have five unique skills". Speak highly of him.
In the 12th year of Zhenguan (638), Yu Shinan became an official (retired). His official titles are Dr. Yin and Bachelor of Library Science. He died of illness this year at the age of 8 1 year. Tang Wenzong buried Zhaoling by imperial edict, posthumously presented The Book of Rites, and presented Wen Yi. He also wrote a letter to Wang Wei TV, saying, "Shinan is still one with me, and I will make it up. I will forget it every day, and I will cover up contemporary celebrities and ethics. Now dead, there are no people in Shiqu and Dongguan! " A poem he wrote was ordered by living Chu Suiliang to be read and burned in front of Yu Shinan's spirit, which showed the deep friendship between the monarch and the minister.
Yu Shinan compiled Bei Tang Shu Chao 172 and Yu Shinan Ji 30 volumes.
Wang Shuchuan
Li Shimin advocated Wang Xizhi's calligraphy style. He personally wrote the Biography of Wang Xizhi for the Book of Jin, collected, copied and appreciated Wang Xizhi's original works, and ordered Xiao Yi to earn the original works of the Preface to Lanting from the eloquence of a monk, and made many copies and gave them to ministers. Even after his death, he buried the original preface to Lanting in Zhaoling. Calligraphy is one of the traditions of Chinese studies in the Tang Dynasty, and scholars also attach importance to calligraphy. The prosperity of calligraphy in the Tang Dynasty can be traced back to ancient times.
Yu Shinan studied calligraphy from Wang Xizhi's seventh grandson and Zen master Zhiyong when he was a teenager, and got the essence of his Wang Shu. In order to learn calligraphy, he once locked himself upstairs before going downstairs. The waste pen I wrote is full of a big urn. He practiced writing during the day, scratched his stomach or sheets with his fingers before going to bed, and pondered the strength of writing. After a long time, the sheets are scratched. After studying hard, Yu Shinan became Wang's painting master directly.
Zhang Huaiguan in the Tang Dynasty commented on Yu Shinan in Shu Duan: "His book has the macro rules of Da Ling (Wang Xianzhi), including five positive colors, grace and courage. Spiritual practice is a dangerous mountain, which is rising everywhere, especially when planting grass. And its twilight teeth, to escape. Smelly sheep (Xin) and thin (Shao) are not suitable! It is the beauty of the southeast, and it must be bamboo arrows. " "Lee, running script into the wonderful. However, Europe (Yang Xun) is equal in intelligence and danger ... When it matures, danger is beyond its control. The gas field will go deep, sometimes unfavorable; Yu Ruoxing's choice is wonderful and rarely makes mistakes. Danger contains rigidity and softness, and ou Lou bones and muscles. A gentleman hides a murder weapon, and danger is the best policy. " At that time, Yu Shinan's reputation was above that of Ou Yangxun.
His calligraphy is harmonious and elegant, soft outside and firm inside. Critics think that it is like a fluttering skirt, but its body is in step, and it has the potential to cast a sword. The history of books is characterized by its concise and elegant brushwork and toughness. The school of "Yu Ti" founded by him combines rigidity with softness, while Fiona Fang has both. People praise "being in the body" and "gaining the beauty of the right army but losing its handsome". Liu Xizai's "Outline of Books" said: "Yongxing Books are eternal because of their wisdom, so they have nothing but sharp edges and bones." The so-called "beauty of the right army" comes from Wang's personal biography; The so-called "losing its luster" means that he is not a pure "uncle Wang", but a self-reliant portal. Independent innovation. The "dangerous force" along the way in Ou Yangxun is also called "Europe". Together with Chu Suiliang and Xue Ji, they are called "four masters in the early Tang Dynasty".
"Yu Ti" rhyme
Throughout the history of calligraphy, from Zhong (Yao) and Zhang (Zhi), who pioneered calligraphy at the end of the Han Dynasty, to the creation of calligraphy by two kings (Wang Xizhi and Wang Xizhi) at the end of the Jin Dynasty, and then to the Southern and Northern Dynasties, Sui Dynasty and early Tang Dynasty, calligraphy methods were perfected to the extreme. Therefore, it is often called "Jin people take rhyme, Tang people take method, Song people take meaning" and "Tang people use it with caution". In terms of technique, the core of China's calligraphy art is brushwork. It is said that as early as the Han Dynasty, Cai Yong learned the secret method of "octagonal hanging awn" in Songshan Shishi Middle School and became the ancestor of brushwork teaching. Zhang Yanyuan's "Calligraphy in Tang Dynasty" contains the article "Calligraphy Name" and the article "Ancient Calligraphy Name", which describes the pedigree of brushwork teaching, with a total of 23 people. They are: from Cai Yong to Cui Yuan and his daughter (Yan), Moon Hee to Zhong You, Zhong You to Mrs. Wei, Mrs. Wei to Wang Xizhi, the son of Wang Xizhi, Xian Yangxin and Yang Xindao. Wang Sengqian to Xiao Ziyun, Xiao Ziyun to Zhiyong, Zhiyong to Yu Shinan. Huang Tingjian, a calligrapher in Song Dynasty, said; "Look back at Europe, jade, chu, xue, embarrassed by statutes. Is it like Lu Gong (Yan Zhenqing) is out of the rope! " Even so, the four schools in the early Tang Dynasty had their own characteristics. Yu Shinan inherited more characters than he created, and the source of his calligraphy can be found in works such as Noble Rock Statue in Eastern Wei Dynasty. His pen is round and square. Soft on the outside and rigid on the inside, introverted on the edge, magnificent in appearance, without any carving and life. Dong Qichang, a calligrapher in the Ming Dynasty, said: "Yu Yongxing's calligraphy once tasted the Tao. Covering the place where you write is like drawing a sword and cutting off water, just like Master Yan's "cone painting sand" and "leakage mark" have different interests. " Bao, a calligrapher in the Qing Dynasty, also said in "Art Boat and Double Bows": "Yongxing is like a white crane floating clouds, and people are upset." Zhou Xinglian's My Opinion on Linchi said; "Wang Xizhi and Yu Shinan have pleasant fonts, peaceful manners and full of spring and summer." Yu Shinan and Zhi Yong's ci are basically harmonious and implicit. The metaphor is slightly longer and more charming. He uses a medium round pen, which is both rigid and flexible. The tip is not cut, and the circle is uneven. A pen is not wise or ill. Ou Yangxun's handwriting became a pen, and Yu Shinan became a pen. His "case" method is particularly distinctive. According to the Book History, Emperor Taizong studied calligraphy with Yu Shinan, but because the foot of the word "Ge" was not well written, he wrote the word "Yan" and left it beside the word "Ge". Please ask Yu Shinan to make it up. Then, he showed the word to Wei Zhi, and Wei Zhi said, "Looking at the emperor's works now, only the' Ge' method with the word' Yan' is the most similar to Shinan." Emperor Taizong admired his high taste and deeply felt that it was not easy to learn the method of "Ge". His "case" method, Bos, is extremely long and changes in weight.
Both Yu Shinan and Ou Yangxun presided over calligraphy (one of the six national studies in the Tang Dynasty) and made special contributions to the teaching of brushwork. Yu Shinan teaches his nephew Lu Jianzhi to paint. Lu Jianzhi's "Wen Fu" and "Preface to Lanting Collection" are handed down from generation to generation in ink, which are elegant and interesting. It can be seen that Yu Shinan's quatrain "Lu Jianzhi Zi Yan Yuan" has been handed down from generation to generation and is called "Xiao Lu". Liu Yanyuan passed it on to his nephew Zhang Xu. Zhang Xu's regular script "Langguan Dianzhu Ji" is quite elegant. Chu Suiliang once asked Yu Shinan, "How can a book be a teacher forever?" Yu Shina replied, "I heard that he is fifty thousand words straight. How can you do this? " Chu asked again, "What is Ou Yangxun?" I answered, "Don't choose paper or pen, just do whatever you want. How can you do this? " Chu sighed and said, "In that case, why pay more attention to this!" Yu replied: "if you use your hands and style, it will be valuable if you meet a collaborator." "Feng Ban's" Blunt Reciting Books "said:" Learning from Liu Zhishu will make you ill. I heard that when studying in ancient times, it was interesting for the four kings, Ou, Yu, Zhu and Xue, to play together. "Liu Gongquan also studied Yu Shu. In the Song Dynasty, Cai Xiang also learned from Yu Shinan. Song Gaozong Zhao Gou bravely studied calligraphy and learned from Yu Shinan. The ink of "Zhao Gou True Grass Thousand-character Writing" in Shanghai Museum is next to Yu Shinan. The postscript holds that (money) was in the reign of Emperor Taizong, so the word "min" and "yuan" were both avoided by lack of pen. However, according to Chen Yuan's "Historical Taboo", calligraphy in the Tang Dynasty lacked pens to avoid it. It was first seen in the first year of Ganfeng in Tang Gaozong (666). The Shanghai Museum has the ink of "Yuan Jiesi, Lin Zhiyong, Qian Wen Zi". Jess doesn't know where it came from. In terms of style, it is probably written by Lin Yu Heather.