At that time, almost all the real military version of Type 59 pistols were covered with this coat of arms-this is very public security, but in fact, the number of Type 59 pistols equipped by the public security system is not much.
Type 59 pistol, the imitation prototype is Soviet makarov PM pistol. If hippopotamus can describe PM pistol in one word, I will choose a very important commendatory term in the context of contemporary China: seeking truth from facts.
PM pistol was officially installed in Soviet army on 195 1. The development of this pistol is based on the experience and lessons of 7.62×25mm tokarev pistol ammunition and weapons. The 7.62×25mm tokarev pistol bullet originated from the 7.63×25mm Mao Se pistol bullet, which is a pistol bullet with small warhead and high muzzle velocity. This makes it quite good for PPD, PPSh, PPS and other submachine guns with long guns, which can destroy some weak bunkers and kill opponents. However, when it is used in pistols with short barrel, such as TT-33 (5154 for imitation pistols in China), there is a problem of insufficient anti-withdrawal effect.
After the end of World War II, the Soviet army summed up its wartime experience and found that compared with rifles and submachine guns, the utilization rate of pistols in actual combat was extremely low; Coupled with some inherent shortcomings of tokarev pistol, we decided to develop a new type of officer's self-defense pistol, demanding that this semi-automatic pistol be smaller, safer and more ineffective than tokarev pistol. The last requirement directly determines the birth of a new ammunition-9×18mm makarov.
Although the names of 9× 18mm makarov and 9× 19mm Lugum are similar, in fact, 9× 18mm is a relatively weak ammunition with a thick warhead and an actual diameter of 9.27mm, so 9× 18mm makarov's pistol model, such as PM. However, pistols with 9× 19mm bullets are often locked (mainly Browning barrel offset locking).
Comparing the three most common 9mm pistols, we can see that the size of 9× 18 ammunition of 59 /PM pistol is obviously smaller than that of 9× 19 ammunition.
PM is a very successful pistol. The website of Gun World describes it as "one of the best compact self-defense pistols of its generation with simple structure, reliable performance and low cost". This description is very accurate. I really can't find anything wrong with this pistol except ugliness. Visually, I prefer a full-size combat pistol and a specially designed reentry spring guide (the barrel of 59 /PM is its reentry spring guide). Anyway, this is not my gun. Ugliness is just a word. I'll say it many times.
There is another proof of the success of PM pistol: although the Soviet Union/Russia has made great achievements in the design of light weapons, there are also many wonderful works, and many models of new generation pistols have begun to be installed; But PM pistols and their ammunition are still the most common pistols and their ammunition in Russia. Many readers know that the vitality of pistols is often extremely long, but in recent years, PM has gradually become a bit "immobile".
PM pistol
In the era when the PM pistol was just equipped, the main target of the pistol was the soft target-that is, the human body without armor. However, with the development and progress of the times, the penetration rate of single-person bulletproof equipment is getting higher and higher, and the 9× 18mm ammunition matched with PM pistol has long been insufficient in lethality. Even if the propellant is changed, the SP-7, which can increase the muzzle velocity of the bullet to 420m/s, can't meet the current demand-the Russian army is not short of bandits.
In the military field which requires high power, the ammunition of 9mm ammunition family, such as DAP92, 7N2 1, M 1 152, is characterized by stronger charge and higher muzzle velocity. Compared with these models, the 9× 18mm ammunition with congenital deficiency obviously has no room for development, so the PMM pistol with SP-7 ammunition, increased ammunition capacity and changed grip design still has a bad fate.
The improved PMM pistol adopts double-row single-entry magazine, 12 rounds, and the grip shape has also been obviously modified.
Decades later, of course. When China decided to copy the PM pistol, it was absolutely worthy of the word 12 with simple structure, reliable performance and low cost. Therefore, the domestic version of PM began to be copied from 1959, and soon it was tested in regimental commanders. However, a number of safety accidents occurred soon after the equipment was equipped, which made the Type 59 pistol forced to stop production and dismantle in 1 960 only when the equipment of the army was less than1year.
The output of Type 9 was too small, which led to the Air Force aviation being equipped with some Type 54 pistols as a supplement.
Imitation is the only way for any developing country. The experience of "quick imitation and quick disassembly" of Type 59 pistol also proves the fact that "light weapons are not light". After the breakdown of Sino-Soviet relations in those years, when the technical experts of Soviet aid to China withdrew, they left us some samples and drawings of PM pistols. However, it is absolutely impossible to make qualified products with drawings and samples alone. Although light weapons are small, they still need the so-called "technical package": the personnel sent by the original design and production side carry technical data, and supervise, guide and correct every process from the interpretation (translation) of technical data to production and application. Later, China aided the construction of light weapons production lines in other countries, which proved this truth.
Soviet PM pistol and its holster
Type 59 pistol and its prototype PM are a relatively simple pistol in principle-hand-free pistol. However, the simplicity of the principle also brings relative difficulties in design and manufacture, so it is necessary to optimize and adjust the relationship among the bolt mass, recoil spring force and recoil force: if the bolt mass is too large and the recoil spring is too strong, it will not only be difficult for the shooter to pull the sleeve to operate the pistol, but also lead to semi-automatic shooting; If the mass of the bolt is too small and the recoil spring is too weak, then the rear seat of the bolt (because it is a free bolt, locking is achieved by the mass of the recoil spring and bolt) is too fast, which may lead to dangerous situations such as shelling.
According to the description on the website of Guns World, the sudden withdrawal of the Type 59 pistol is inseparable from the fact that all technologies have to make up classes and all resources are scarce soon after the founding of New China. The former Soviet version of 9× 18mm makarov ammunition is a copper shell with low friction, while we use a steel shell with high friction coefficient, which increases the virtual mass of the bolt (it can be simply explained that the bolt is too heavy).
Steel shell ammunition brings many problems. In addition, at the beginning of the founding of the People's Republic of China, we didn't establish a perfect ammunition testing institution. The subtle differences between the shell material and the bullet diameter, as well as the changes in the size and shape of propellant particles, combustion surface, chemical composition, temperature and composition, all affected the shooting quality of bullets.
As we all know, the Soviet Union has profound knowledge of materials science, metallurgy and metal processing capabilities. This makes it difficult for outsiders to copy some of their skills in the design and manufacture of light weapons. For example, in order to avoid the influence of pin looseness on the reliability of PM pistol, we should try not to use the pin, but directly process the rotating shaft on the parts, which not only has complicated technology and many working hours, but also means high rejection rate under the condition of insufficient processing capacity.
The red arrow refers to the iron resistance spring and suspension spring. This "dual-purpose" design simplifies the parts when building, and if it is not built well, nothing can be done well.
In the early days of the founding of New China, the level of metal materials and technology was far from that of the Soviet Union, so the anti-fatigue performance of the products that looked exactly the same just couldn't keep up with the original loading, which also led to various problems after the domestic 59 pistol was used for a short time. In a word, at the technical level of that year, "simple structure, reliable performance and low cost", almost none of the 59 pistols were realized.
However, the dismal dismantling of the Type 59 pistol has, to some extent, caused more regrettable twists and turns in the pistol field in China, especially in police pistol. Using a free pistol with appropriate power and moderate lethality (simple structure) is a valuable experience brought to us by imitating PM pistols. In addition, the Type 52 7.65mm pistol (mainly used for security system) was copied before PP, at this time, China had initially accumulated some police pistol; However, their next-generation product, the 6-type 4 pistol, which is completely designed and manufactured independently, has different opinions.
The friendliest comments on this gun mainly come from female comrades on the public security front.
The bitter memories of the predecessors of the new China ordnance industry on the history of the old China led them to insist on designing and manufacturing a special ammunition, so that the invading enemy could not directly use our ammunition. One of the products of this persistence-the 7.62× 17mm ammunition matched with the 6.4 pistol is an important source for evaluating the polarization of "small broken guns".
From the perspective of hippopotamus, if the technical route of Type 59 pistol and its ammunition can continue to develop, it is obviously a compact pistol that is more suitable for the domestic environment than Type 6 pistol. Of course, history does not allow it, and it is unrealistic to ask our predecessors to be wise after the event.
However, the story of Type 59 did not end after disassembly. According to relevant data, in addition to the real military Type 59 pistols originated from 1959 (some of which were used to aid Vietnam and other countries during the 1960s), after the 1980s, North Industries also commissioned some manufacturers to produce a number of foreign trade Type 59 pistols, and developed modifications using different caliber ammunition to meet the needs of overseas markets.
These pistols have such a five-star emblem on their handles, but they continue to use the name of Type 59 pistols.
In addition, with our army going to Russia to participate in "international military competitions" every year in recent years, a considerable number of subjects need to be completed with PM pistols provided by Russia; To this end, the army allocated some good quality 59 pistols from the warehouse for the adaptive training of the contestants in the domestic selection stage. Although it is not serious combat equipment, the story of Type 59 returning from the army after more than half a century is still very interesting.
In the "military doctor relay" competition, the female members of our army used PM pistols provided by Russia. Over the years, our female soldiers have always achieved excellent results in using PM pistols. In 20 18, corporal Zou Xingyue won the first place in the men's and women's pistol shooting competition with a total score of 185, which is the best result of pistol shooting in makarov since the "Military Medical Relay" project was held.
In the air force aviation pilots, since the day of service, the Type 59 has never really retired-after all, it is not used very much at ordinary times, and the army's withdrawal order can't control them. Today, some pilots still use this compact pistol, which is more portable than the Type 92, as a self-defense weapon.
The light weapons of the People's Air Force are very interesting, such as Type 54 in the picture. In addition to the newer 1 1 models, there are 64 and 77 models. There are still 56-2 rifles in the air force radar station, but it is not surprising that there are 59 pistols.
Although the series contains the active equipment of the younger generation of the People's Army, as the beginning of the article "9 Tail Series of Light Weapons", the light of the 59 pistol is really not dazzling.