American scholars C.W.HolIsopple and M.Sing put forward a systematic knowledge chain model based on the relationship between the core competitiveness of knowledge within the organization. The model divides the activities in the knowledge chain into five main activities and four supporting auxiliary activities. Among them, the main activities include knowledge acquisition, knowledge selection, knowledge generation, knowledge internalization and knowledge externalization, and the auxiliary activities include leadership, cooperation, control and measurement. Four auxiliary activities promote knowledge learning, and five main activities produce knowledge output. The model shows that the output of knowledge chain is the result of knowledge learning activities in various stages. Liu Jisheng and Wu Jinxi revised the above model from the perspective of system knowledge management, and added external knowledge networks and feedback links on this basis. They believe that the enterprise's knowledge chain is an abstract and complete knowledge management system. Knowledge chain is a kind of knowledge chain (network). In this chain network, enterprises select, absorb, organize, transform and innovate internal and external knowledge, forming an endless flow process. In this process, enterprises and external environment, internal organizations, people and organizations are connected by an invisible knowledge chain.
On the basis of synthesizing various viewpoints, some scholars believe that, from the perspective of inter-organizational knowledge flow, knowledge chain refers to the chain structure formed by the knowledge flow among different organizations that take enterprises as the core subject of innovation and aim at realizing knowledge enjoyment and knowledge creation. Knowledge chain management (KCM) refers to the process of knowledge flowing among core enterprises, which promotes interactive learning among organizations and realizes knowledge sharing and knowledge creation, thus integrating the knowledge advantages of each member into the overall knowledge advantages of the knowledge chain. Knowledge chain management should follow the principles of system, * * win, fairness and * * * enjoy. The short-term goal of knowledge chain management is to realize knowledge sharing, the medium-term goal is to realize knowledge creation, and the long-term goal is to form knowledge advantage.
(A) Library knowledge chain. When analyzing the essence of knowledge, Professor Chen Yaosheng pointed out that knowledge can be used by knowledge workers to spread knowledge to users, thus making contributions to society, economy and science and technology or creating new knowledge. This activity process is called knowledge chain, which is essentially a business process of knowledge activities. The library takes knowledge as the center in its business activities, and forms an infinite cycle process around knowledge acquisition, knowledge organization, knowledge appreciation, knowledge service, knowledge externalization and knowledge innovation. In this process, all business departments and members of the organization are linked by an invisible chain, which is the knowledge chain of the library. It reveals that the library's business activities are centered on knowledge flow and developed around knowledge innovation. To sum up, we can build a library knowledge chain model.
(2) The process and analysis of knowledge flow in library work. The knowledge chain of the library reveals that the business activities of the library are centered on the flow of knowledge and developed around the innovation of knowledge. Then, in order to apply knowledge chain management to library business activities, it is necessary to analyze the process of library knowledge flow.
1, knowledge acquisition. Knowledge acquisition refers to the process of determining the knowledge in the external environment of an organization and transforming it into the knowledge in the organization, so that it can be used for organizational innovation. It enables organizations to form dynamic communication with external knowledge environment, which is the basis and premise of knowledge chain management activities. Knowledge acquisition is a bridge between the library and the external environment. In order to keep the dynamic updating of the library knowledge base, it is required that the library's knowledge acquisition process is adaptive and can cope with the changes of the external environment. Knowledge acquisition obtains external information including users, readers, publishers, suppliers, partners and competitors through the collection and identification of existing traditional literature resources, electronic resources and network resources.
Knowledge acquisition is the first step of knowledge chain management, which requires obtaining as comprehensive information as possible. First of all, the library should make comprehensive planning and allocation according to the collection information, service information, resource utilization information and its own positioning. It is also necessary to strengthen the collection, collation and synthesis of external resources, locate the functions of the library according to the actual needs of users, and create more added value.
2. Knowledge organization. Knowledge organization is to organize and store knowledge according to the inherent logical connection of knowledge, using certain organizational tools, methods and standards, and finally provide users with intuitive and operable systematic knowledge. Knowledge organization emphasizes the organization of explicit knowledge and tacit knowledge in libraries.
Explicit knowledge should be described in multiple levels, because the traditional classification indexing method and subject indexing method used by libraries belong to the methods of revealing the subject content of documents and cannot reflect the specific knowledge units in documents. The multi-layer description of knowledge organization's explicit knowledge includes basic information description, object information description, whole information description and unit information description. Another important goal of knowledge organization is the in-depth development of tacit knowledge, which requires librarians to provide services for readers according to their demand tendency for knowledge in the process of communication. At the same time, using database technology to capture and accumulate consulting questions and answers, and build these contents into a searchable database, so that some tacit knowledge of readers and librarians can be made explicit in the consultation process. At the same time, for the development of librarians' tacit knowledge, an internal LAN can be established, so that librarians can have a platform to exchange and discuss their personal work experience, experience and understanding of knowledge management activities.