From the comparison with the reflection theory, we can see that the so-called human psychological activity in the reflection theory is a reflection of objective things, but it is the product of pure linear logic of "exciting physics". This logic is reasonable in explaining some simple phenomena in the non-life world, but it shows great limitations in inferring the most complex intelligent phenomena in the life world. Behavioral philosophy uses the dialectical logic of the interaction between internal and external factors in biological evolution to explain the subjective initiative of human beings as the highest intelligent creatures in real life. Therefore, behavioral philosophy no longer regards human consciousness as a reflection determined by objective things without its own stipulation, and does not think that the source of materials needed for psychological activities is the content and source of psychological activities. Just as all the material products of human beings are always the result of the interaction between human intellectual activities and external materials and the crystallization of internal and external factors, so the generation, operation, deepening and development of human psychological activities are always the result of the interaction between internal and external factors. Objective things are the source of external stimuli, while instinct or demand is the same as the source and intention of internal stimuli. * * * isomorphism becomes the source of psychological activities, and the content of psychological activities is composed of internal and external factors.
Only by separating cognitive factors and intention factors from people's psychological activities, understanding people's instinct or needs as intention, as the existence relatively independent of objective reality, as the existence of the whole life, can we logically explain why people may have subjective initiative and why they may respond to the actual situation of objective reality. Otherwise, psychological activity is only a reflection of objective reality, and it has no stipulation of its own. Just like a person hanging in the air, how to react on the ground?
Compared with physiological research, behavioral philosophy emphasizes that organ level research is not equal to the whole level research, and the sum of organ (part) research is not equal to the whole level research, because it thinks that there are not only quantitative differences but also qualitative differences between organic whole and parts (organs). Because there are new factors in the whole that are not included in the sum of parts, and the addition of this new factor has formed a new internal structure and operating mechanism of the whole. Specific to human physiology and psychology, this new factor is instinct and various needs developed on the basis of instinct, that is, intentional factor. People's intention factors do not exist in various sensory organs and their physiological combinations, but only in the level of complete life.
In the past, the concept of instinct was only understood from the perspective of internal driving force. Behavioral philosophy holds that instinct, as the embodiment of biological innate vitality, is the essence of biological difference from inanimate objects, the key to the promotion of psychological research from physiological level to psychological level, the initial state of the internal foundation of human consciousness, the logical starting point of the possible existence of human subjective initiative, and the internal scale used by people to deal with foreign information and create new information. The concept of instinct should be given full attention.
It is the addition of intentional factors that isomorphically forms the structure of consciousness with cognitive factors, thus forming the internal operating mechanism of the occurrence and development of consciousness based on intention.
Compared with general psychology, although general psychology also divides people's psychological activities into three aspects: knowledge, emotion and intention, it also recognizes the internal relationship between them. It seems that the division of human psychology into cognition and intention is not much different from behavioral philosophy. But we must clearly point out that the division of psychological activities in general psychology is carried out within the framework of reflection theory. Although the description as a phenomenon is mostly in line with psychological reality, the qualitative analysis of these three aspects is wrong and contains insurmountable contradictions. And because it has no internal factors or internal structure division as the basis, this division has only local reasonable components, which is absurd on the whole and basic tendency. It is essentially different from behavioral philosophy in classifying people's psychological activities on the basis of intrinsic structure.
To sum up, it is precisely because of the decomposition of cognitive factors and intentional factors and the division of cognitive activities and intentional activities that psychology will have a profound reconstruction.
People's psychological activities will no longer be three parts: knowledge, emotion and intention, which are separated horizontally and lack of internal connection and transformation mechanism, but the unity of cognitive factors and intention factors. As cognitive factors and intentional factors of psychological content, they do not have the same status or function in every specific psychological activity. When cognitive factors dominate, psychological activities tend to cognitive activities; When intentional factors dominate, psychological activities tend to be intentional. When cognitive factors are dominant, intentional factors exist in psychological activities as well as motivation, keeping cognitive activities going smoothly; When intentional factors are dominant, the object materials provided by cognitive factors are used as the basis of feedback or the means to realize intention, so as to ensure the normal psychological activities.
Therefore, feeling and perception, as the primary stage of cognitive activities, are no longer "reflections" on the physiological level, but intentional "cognitive" behaviors. This kind of recognition, whether through a single organ or multiple organs, is made by people on their own initiative. Because of the objectivity of object characteristics, the cognitive result is of course objective; However, because the activity is made by the subject, the differences between individuals make this activity subjective, such as cognition and selectivity. Emotion, as the primary stage of intentional activity, is no longer a "reflection" of the relationship between man and chaos, but a positive or negative feedback to varying degrees on whether the object is suitable for his own needs. Of course, this kind of feedback is subjective, but because feedback can only be carried out on a certain cognitive basis and people's intentions are similar, although the feedback results are different, it will inevitably show some universality. Abstract thinking, as an advanced stage of cognitive activities, its activity intensity, difficulty and complexity far exceed feeling and perception. Therefore, in abstract thinking, intentional factors have made more arduous efforts and have a considerable degree of creativity. The most typical thinking in images, that is, artistic creation thinking, has typical intentionality because its purpose is to transform concrete emotions into concrete images, thus showing a high degree of personality and creativity. Because of this, in the psychology of reconstruction, artistic creative thinking is no longer a cognitive "thinking", but a complex intentional activity, a practical intentional activity to meet the needs of creators and achieve a certain purpose. This practical activity of producing spiritual products is essentially the same as that of producing material products, and both are the embodiment of will; Just from the form of activities, the practical activities of producing spiritual products are more personal, emotional and divergent.
From the perspective of the generation, refinement, differentiation, deepening and development of human consciousness, the decomposition of cognitive factors and intentional factors also makes the thought of genetic psychology about the interaction between human inner vitality or inner wisdom potential and external environment determine the occurrence and development of psychology to be completely integrated into the basic theory of psychology, thus forming a perfect psychological system.
To sum up, the reconstruction of psychology by behavioral philosophy is not to describe new psychological facts and study psychology at the local or phenomenal level, but to systematically sort out and interpret the confirmed psychological facts from a new perspective with new ideas and logic, so as to truly construct psychology at the psychological level.
This also provides a solid psychological support for behavioral philosophy itself.
Observe color, behavior and mind
Observing the real name, observing the behavior and mind: insight into the psychology of others
Publication date: April 2005
China, Guo Jia
Category psychology
Version not applicable
simplified Chinese
Page code 143
Author Huang Dayun
brief Introduction of the content
Sun Tzu's Art of War said: "Know yourself and know yourself, and you will be invincible." .
But it's a bit difficult to know people for a while, and it's hard to be "duplicity". How to know what others really think and how to recognize a person as soon as possible?
The ancients once gave us a trick: "The power of a horse can be known from a distance, and it will be known for a long time."
But now the competition is fierce and changes quickly. In interpersonal communication, we don't get along for a long time, but there are many short-term exchanges, so we can't taste others slowly.
What do we do? The key is to have a pair of eyes.
The ancients said: "the heart is the root of each other, and the heart judges good and evil; Walker, the table of the heart, observes its behavior and knows its good and evil. "
Scientific research has proved that in interpersonal communication, the connotation of silent language information, that is, "body language" information, is five times that of verbal information. When the two are contradictory, it is the most accurate to judge by the information transmitted by body language.
Both ancient people and modern scientific research remind us that people's real intentions often emerge between gestures and are often hidden in manners and clothes. Once you have the ability to read other people's body language, no matter how mysterious your thoughts are, no matter how precise your mind is, it is difficult to completely hide all your thoughts in front of you.
This book aims to guide people to gain insight into other people's hearts by perceiving the hidden mysteries of "body language" such as their movements, postures, costumes and eyes. Reading this book can not only prevent you from being deceived and misunderstanding others, but also accurately understand their intentions and enter their hearts. Career will help you; Business will help you have a pleasant journey and bring you great benefits in your daily life and work.
Library catalogue
The first chapter observation behavior observation-see through the "human heart" at a glance/1
First, "eating" reveals nature/1
Second, "body language" can talk /4
Third, seeing through people's hearts is not a "dream" /6
Chapter II Body Language-The Mystery of Gestures /9
First, the hidden heart in Head Action/10
Second, the desire revealed in Hands and Arms/12
Three. The Secret Covered by "Hand and Facial Actions"/18
Iv. Love attitude implied in Twist the Towel /24
Personality prejudice reflected by verb (abbreviation of verb) "collect and release tickets" /26
Vi. Personality characteristics revealed by the gesture of holding a mobile phone /28
Seven, "smoking posture" shows a man's temperament /32
Eight, the true face of "habitual action" is revealed /35
Nine. Cracking Cixin Password /36
Chapter III Body Language-"Code Words" of Various Worlds /39
I. Attitude change displayed by "head posture" /39
Second, the psychological advantage of the "steeple" gesture /4 1
Three, "cross" gesture brewing inner feelings /43
Four, "Arms Crossing" hidden heart zone /44
The Secret Revealed by the verb (abbreviation of verb) "Leg-folding posture" /48
Six, "tiptoe" points out the true heart /55
Seven. The mentality reflected by the "audience body" /56
Eight. Modification and Camouflage of "Body Language" /6 1
The fourth chapter eye language-see through the heart of the "secret" 63
I. The Mysteries Revealed by "Students" /68
Second, the secret in "staring time" /70
Third, the mentality in the "staring position" /7l
Iv. The Mystery of "Eye Position" /73
Verb (abbreviation of verb) how to control the other person's eyes /74
The fifth chapter dress language-the "secret" behind dressing up /77
I. Personality and taste revealed by "clothing" /77
Second, "leather shoes" bear personal temperament /8 1
Third, the deep desire hung by "ornaments" /82
Four, "carry-on bag" hidden life /86
Five, "glasses" wearing temperament characteristics /88
The value orientation of the intransitive verb "Dai" binding /89
Seven, instantly see through men's "five methods" /9 1.
Chapter VI Spatial Language —— The "Password" to Break the Mind /95
First, don't break into other people's "secret garden" /95
Second, be careful to break into other people's "private space" /98
Three. Flexible use of "private space" /99
Four. The potential humanistic background of "space language"/10l
Psychological distance reflected by verb "sitting"/109
The Secret Essence Revealed by the Intransitive Verb "Spatial Choice"/1 13
Chapter VII Seeing Flowers in the Fog-the trick of "eyes" to know people /l 17
I. How to use a pair of "eyes"/1 17
Second, how to have a pair of eyes/127
Behaviorism psychology
Authors: Sun Keyan and Li Jing.
Press: China Electric Power Press
Release date: 20 12- 1- 1
brief Introduction of the content
This book is a concise reading of the research results of behavioral psychology. This book not only reveals various behavioral phenomena in human life, but also makes people know themselves more clearly through the analysis and research of various phenomena, thus shaping positive behaviors and creating a better life. The book is divided into eight chapters, covering eight topics, such as psychological reaction, consciousness awakening, rationality, decision-making, behavior correction, behavior trap, group polarization and key behavior. These eight themes are the internal mechanism and motivation of behavior and the important aspects of external performance of behavior, including general psychology, cognitive psychology, social psychology, personality psychology and other psychological plates. It can be said that these eight themes are the refinement of human behavior research and are of great significance to individuals.
Brief introduction of the author
Sun Keyan, general manager of Beijing Huatong Management Consulting Co., Ltd., is an expert in enterprise management and project planning consulting. He has a good understanding of organization and management and enterprise group behavior, and has long been engaged in the organization and planning of various projects such as education management, industrial production management and cultural industry creativity. In the past ten years, the author has devoted himself to studying the outstanding problems in enterprise management in China, and set up a professional team to investigate and study the management status and successful models of various enterprises in China, on the basis of which a systematic organizational management idea has been formed. He once wrote "How to punish employees before they cooperate; How to reward employees is positive, and many other business management bestsellers.
Behaviorism psychology
Author: Feng Shaoqun editor
Publishing House: Guangdong Tourism Publishing House
Release date: July 2008-1
Editor's recommendation
Reveal all kinds of intrigue that affect the mind in human behavior, effectively guess people's hearts, hide their desires, gain insight into people's behavior, and finally discover the hidden meaning behind a person's behavior!
What betrayed our character? What exposed our privacy? What influences our behavior? What was the decision? It's our actions, our words, our every move. ...
This book analyzes people's personality through their daily behavior and helps you analyze it in the form of psychological test questions. The survey method is naturally interesting. Let you unconsciously reflect your deep feelings and discover yourself hidden in your heart. At the same time, you can also discover the character of people around you through your own observation.
The first chapter of the catalogue is the dynamic basis of psychology.
Section 1 People's Intrinsic Psychological Motivation
In the second quarter, people's internal psychological state
Chapter II Psychological Structure Diagram
The first section is the normal psychological structure of people.
Section 2 Abnormal Psychological Structure of Human Beings
Chapter III Image Model
The first section of the image of people
Section 2 The Image Model of People
The fourth chapter mental model
The first section of man's experience world
Section two: the cognitive structure of human beings
Section III: Human Value System
Chapter V Emotion and Call
Section 1 Emotion
Section 2 conation
Chapter VI Emotion and Reason
Section 1 Emotion
Section 2 Rationality
Chapter VII Natural Behavior and Conflict
Section 1 Simple Reason, Natural Behavior and Complex Reason
Section 2 Conflict
Chapter VIII Impulsive Behavior and Discontent
Section 1 Decision-making and Impulsive Behavior
Section 2 Suppression and Discontent
Chapter 9 Anxiety and Resistance
Section 1 Anxiety
Resistance in the second quarter
Chapter X Intentional Behavior and Substitution Mechanism
Section 1 Intentional Behavior and Transfer
Section II Replacement Mechanism
Chapter 11 Replacement Mechanism (1)
Section 1 Humor
Section 2 Attack
Section 3 Jealousy
Chapter 12 Replacement Mechanism (2)
Section 1 Anti-state
Section 2 negligence
Section 3 Regression
Chapter 13 Replacement Mechanism (3)
Section 1 Compensation
Section 2 Forecast
Section 3 Compensation
Chapter 14 Replacement Mechanism (4)
Section 1 Sublimation
Section 2 depravity
third segment
Chapter 15 Replacement Mechanism (5)
Section 1 Daydreaming
Abnormal situation in the second quarter
Section 3 Suicide
Chapter XVI Self-protection Mechanism
Section 1 Self-protection Mechanism
Dream in the second quarter
The third quarter psychogenic instinct
Chapter 17 Psychological imbalance
The first section psychological imbalance
The second quarter mental illness
The third quarter disorderly behavior
Chapter 18 Rebuilding Psychological Balance
Section 1 Reconstruction of Psychological Balance
Section 2 Skills of Rebuilding Psychological Balance
Chapter 19 Temperament
The first section of the temperament of the organism
The basic types of temperament in the second quarter
Chapter 20 Personality
Section 1 A person's character
Section 2 Basic Types of Personality
Chapter 21 Personality Analysis and Its Application
Section 1 Analysis of People's Personality
Section 2 Interpretation, Prediction and Control of Behavior
Section III Specific Examples
The Matrimony
Author: Freud
What betrayed our character?
What exposed our privacy?
This is our behavior.
These are our words.
It's our every move ...
What influences our behavior? What was the decision? It's character.
Everyone in the world has his own personality. Externally, personality refers to a unique and stable behavior pattern, and internally, it is a unique and stable attitude, thought and cognition. Personality largely determines a person's behavior. Pay attention to the behavior of ourselves and others, and we will find that every move of our body is telling others: what kind of person I am! Because our physical reactions often reveal our personality. By the same token, our understanding of a person's personality can not only grasp his current behavior, but also predict his future behavior according to his personality.
Everyone wants to know themselves and others. People's psychology is not unpredictable, but it is actually very simple. Behavioral psychology, through analytical psychology, helps you gradually understand your inner feelings in your daily life and help you analyze the behaviors and personalities of people around you.
Psychological Ghost is a popular science book, which makes a graphic and psychological analysis of daily behavior. This book is compiled according to the famous psychologist Freud's "subconscious" theory and the existing related psychological research results. This book analyzes people's personality through their daily behavior and helps you analyze it in the form of psychological tests. The survey method is naturally interesting. Let you unconsciously reflect your deep feelings and discover yourself hidden in your heart. At the same time, you can also discover the character of people around you through your own observation.
Perhaps, on the basis of your accumulated psychological research knowledge, combined with daily careful observation and comprehensive analysis, you will also become a behavioral psychologist.