Abstract: Nowadays, the employment pressure of college graduates is huge, and there is a phenomenon of returning to small and medium-sized cities. We should clearly understand its causes, distinguish its advantages and disadvantages, and then formulate corresponding policies to enable countries and individuals to achieve a win-win situation in this social phenomenon! .

Keywords:: college graduates have no choice but to develop incentives voluntarily.

Text: As we know, with the expansion of university enrollment, there are a large number of college graduates every year, and the number of jobs that society can provide each year is limited, which makes these graduates who are about to graduate or have graduated face fierce employment competition. This phenomenon is particularly prominent in big cities. Yuan Guiren, Minister of Education, bluntly said at the 20 10 national video conference on employment of college graduates that the adverse impact of the international financial crisis on China's employment has not been eliminated. If this year is the most difficult year for China's economy, then next year may be the most complicated year, and the macro-level employment situation will be very severe. Then, the number of graduates next year will be 6.3 million, plus the 1 more than 10,000 graduates who have not achieved employment in the past, the number of graduates who need employment can be imagined as 1. Coupled with the high cost of living in big cities, unlike the phenomenon of college students pouring into big cities in previous years, there has been a "backflow" tide of college students' employment recently, and small and medium-sized cities have been favored by college students. Different statistics show that "Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou and Shenzhen" were once the first choice for college students' employment, followed by second-tier coastal developed cities such as Dalian and Xiamen. Nowadays, the increasing pressure of life in big cities makes "things are different": some college students begin to rationally reflect on this employment concept of "only big cities follow" and do the opposite-return to small and medium-sized cities. In 2009, China Youth Newspaper Center surveyed 776 1 fresh graduates from 3 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities across the country through the Internet. It shows that 34.2% people tend to be employed in provincial capitals or developed prefecture-level cities, followed by ordinary prefecture-level cities (26.4%), while big cities such as Beijing and Shanghai fall to the third place, about 24.7%. In view of this phenomenon, there are many comments in society. Personally, it is an improvement. Of course, this progress comes from the helplessness of reality to some extent, but this phenomenon has a positive impact on our society and country.

First of all, let's take a concrete look at the social phenomenon of college graduates returning to small and medium-sized cities. Let's take an example: during his study in Qingdao University of Technology, Li Hongtao, like all his peers, always had the dream of a big city. He planned his future development direction early: going north to Beijing. "I majored in computer science. As a national software industry base, Beijing has a great demand for talents in the IT industry, and there is definitely room for me. " Li Hongtao was ambitious at that time. On the eve of graduation in 2007, after dozens of job fairs failed and hundreds of resumes of Haitou finally sank into the sea, Li Hongtao found how unrealistic his previous employment concept was. The grim employment reality made Li Hongtao resolutely give up his dream of going north and choose to return to his hometown in Wendeng, Shandong. In the county where his hometown is located, Li Hongtao was easily hired by a company. "Basic salary 1700 yuan, including food and accommodation". Li Hongtao is quite satisfied with the status quo. Except for going out to eat with colleagues and friends occasionally and buying some clothes, there is almost no other expenses, and I can save about 1.200 yuan every month to pay my parents. After working for two years, with the support of relatives and friends, he bought a big house of 85 square meters in the center of the county and officially became a homeowner. "Now' post-80s' don't pay attention to having a house and a car? Next is the car. " Li Hongtao said that he took a fancy to BYD F3, and its overall performance met family standards. When asked about his dream of a big city, Li Hongtao said, "The so-called big city complex is just a beautiful dream of my school days. Some practical factors, such as talent competition and cost of living, may not be considered during school. In fact, like Li Hongtao, there are not a few college students who give up the dream of big cities and return to small and medium-sized cities. From this typical case, we can easily see that the main reasons leading to the phenomenon of "anti-urbanization" of college graduates are as follows: First, the ability of providing jobs in big cities is limited, but there are a large number of college students, especially high-level college students. The employment pressure of college graduates is huge, and it is difficult for college students to realize their original ambitions. Second, the cost of living in big cities is too high, and house prices are rising too fast, even for students who are already employed. The recent TV series Dwelling House reflects this social reality to some extent. For those unemployed college graduates, it is undoubtedly worse. 3. Small and medium-sized cities are developing well now, and the state has given strong support, which can provide a modern life and a stage for realizing self-worth. 4. Small and medium-sized cities are facing the problem of talent shortage and intelligence surplus in big cities, so college graduates have more choices in choosing jobs. Five, in small and medium-sized cities, prices are low, the pressure of college students' life is not great, the competition is relatively small, and so on. Based on the above reasons, there has recently been a social phenomenon of college graduates returning to small and medium-sized cities.

Then, we can look at the social impact of college graduates returning to small and medium-sized cities. For the country: first, it directly relieves the huge employment pressure in big cities, which is conducive to social harmony and stability to a certain extent. Because the talents in big cities have become saturated, the acceptable number of unemployed people is limited, which will inevitably produce many unemployed people. If there are too many unemployed people, especially those with certain knowledge, it will bring certain security risks to social stability. This is obvious. Second, it has brought much-needed intellectuals to small and medium-sized cities with rapid economic development and shortage of human resources, which is conducive to solving the problem of balanced distribution of talents and the further development of the country and society. It is reported that the first Tsinghua University 20 10 job fair for graduates was held on the 20th. Nearly 50 key units from Chongqing came to Tsinghua to introduce talents with 1.200 recruitment positions,/kloc-0 postdoctoral positions and/kloc-0 internship positions. According to the person in charge of Tsinghua Employment Guidance Center, going abroad for employment has become a new trend for students in Tsinghua. In 2009, 40% of graduates who were employed in Tsinghua chose to work outside Beijing. A drop of water can see the sunshine, which shows that the phenomenon of college graduates returning to small and medium-sized cities is of great help to the introduction of local talents and the leap-forward development.

Third, it is conducive to changing the social prejudice against small and medium-sized cities and even rural areas, and is conducive to the balanced economic development of all regions of the country. Conducive to national unity and long-term stability. In the past, people were "obedient only in big cities" and despised small and medium-sized cities. There is a certain degree of discrimination or blind worship between regions and ethnic groups, which will inevitably have a negative impact on national stability if left unchecked. For individuals: First, help college graduates avoid too cruel competition and live in a relatively comfortable environment. Second, it helps college graduates to find a satisfactory job and realize their ideals and ambitions. According to statistics, the 2009 China University Student Employment Report (Blue Book) released by Max shows that the actual employment rate of "2 1 1" college graduates in 2008 was as high as 44%. This is a rare employment rate in a society with a huge "ant tribe" (unemployed college graduates).

Finally, let's see what we should do to ensure that the phenomenon of college graduates returning to small and medium-sized cities develops towards a healthy trend and has a more beneficial impact on society. Having said that, I have to emphasize the point mentioned at the beginning: this progress comes from the helplessness of reality to some extent. Is "backflow" the original intention of college students? Perhaps for most people, their answer is: no, solving these problems naturally requires the formulation and implementation of some systems. Only by breaking the barrier of "backflow" can more college students be willing to "backflow". Only by making them sincerely willing to return can we really ensure that the phenomenon of college graduates returning to small and medium-sized cities develops towards a healthy trend and has a more beneficial impact on society. And how can we make them truly "submit" to small and medium-sized cities? There are several things we should do: First, establish relatively perfect living facilities and working environment. Second, ensure fair employment. In the early years, why did more college students choose big cities or small and medium-sized cities in their hometown? They chose big cities without hesitation, because the fairness of employment in small and medium-sized cities cannot be guaranteed. In fact, such employment hidden rules exist everywhere, even in big cities, not to mention small and medium-sized cities. Of course, this issue of employment equity has not attracted the attention of some local governments. For example, the openness and transparency of the "national examination" are gradually improving. We should further improve relevant measures to provide a fair and transparent competitive environment for college graduates. Third, the state should also provide some preferential and supportive policies to encourage college graduates to return to small and medium-sized cities. In terms of household registration, talent flow, social security and other policies, we should give them enough "imagination" space-if grassroots development is not as good as expected, they can still choose to return to big cities. In short, the talent flow mechanism of the whole society should be more transparent and lubricated. No matter where you choose to work in the first step, the future development space is the same. In addition, some welfare policies and employment assistance policies should be introduced for these people. At the same time, we should pay attention to introducing a certain competition mechanism, giving play to the "catfish effect", encouraging college students to return to small and medium-sized cities for development, forming an entrepreneurial atmosphere, promoting more college students to "return" and promoting local economic development. Form a virtuous circle. Fourth, the second is the problem that the value of labor force is not respected. The outstanding performance of this problem is that overtime is extremely serious. In addition to government agencies, the way for college students to "return" actually lies in entering enterprises and factories. With the development of economy, more and more enterprises and factories are stationed in small and medium-sized cities, whether in the eastern region or the central and western regions. For those college students who "can't" enter government agencies, their more choices are still in these enterprises and factories. However, the overtime work in the two places is extremely serious, and it is not true that the local regulatory authorities turn a blind eye because of the local economic development. One or two thousand dollars to buy a full-time labor force-naturally it is difficult to attract college students to "return". Therefore, in order to really let more college students "return", we must solve the serious problem of overtime work in small and medium-sized cities and give them a normal living space. Wait a minute. By doing the above, college graduates will become more active and voluntary, and finally ensure that the phenomenon of college graduates returning to small and medium-sized cities will develop towards a healthy trend and have a more beneficial impact on society.

To sum up, the return of college graduates to small and medium-sized cities has obvious good influence on the country, the nation and the individual. As long as we clearly understand its causes, distinguish its advantages and disadvantages, and then formulate corresponding policies, countries and individuals can achieve a win-win situation in this social phenomenon! .

References: 1. China news agency

China Youth Daily.

3 "Tencent.com"