Kiev has a long and glorious history. It was once the center of the first Russian country, Kiev Ross, so it was called "the mother of Russian cities". Archaeology shows that Kiev was built in the late 6th century and early 7th century. In 822 AD, it became the capital of Kiev and Russia, a feudal country, and gradually prospered through trade. In 988, he converted to the Orthodox Church. 10─ 1 1 century was very prosperous, and it was called "the city of emperors" on the Dnieper River. By the 12 century, Kiev had developed into a major city in Europe, with more than 400 churches and was famous for its arts and handicrafts. 1240 was captured by Mongols, many cities were destroyed and most residents were killed. 1362 was occupied by Lithuania, 1569 by Poland and 1686 by Russia. /kloc-in the 0/9th century, urban trade expanded and modern industry appeared. Railways with Moscow and Odessa in 65438+60s. 19 18 became the independent national capital of Ukraine. The city was badly damaged in World War II. 194 1 year, after 80 days of fierce fighting between the Soviet army and the German army, the German army occupied Kiev. 1943, the Soviet Union liberated Kiev. After the war, the Soviet government awarded Kiev the title of "Hero City" and the Gold Star Medal and Lenin Medal. After reconstruction, Kiev's industry continued to grow and develop.
There are dozens of boulevards, hundreds of street gardens and lawns in downtown Kiev. Modern buildings are hidden among green trees and flowers, so Kiev has won the reputation of "Garden City".
The whole city is divided into 10 administrative districts. The city center is the old city, located on the right bank of Dnieper River. Although many buildings in the old city were built after the war, it still retains the pattern of old streets. Most of the historical buildings in the city are also concentrated here, such as the famous Sophia Cathedral (built in 10 century+165438, now a museum). There are many museums, theaters, public buildings and big department stores inside and outside the old city. The north of the old city used to be a trade and Jewish quarter, but now it is a river port. There are many main buildings of Ukrainian government in PieCerschi district in the south, such as Parliament Building. The Peja Cesca Monastery, built in 1 1 century, is the most famous and important monastery in the history of the former Soviet Union. The central area is surrounded by industrial residential areas. Between the units formed by residential buildings (called "communities") are parks and green belts, including the large botanical gardens of the Ukrainian Academy of Sciences and the small university botanical gardens. There are several forest parks outside the city. After World War II, the city continued to develop to the left bank of the Dnieper River, and roads and railway bridges connected the two banks. Kiev is one of the important industrial centers of the former Soviet Union, with factories all over the city, most of which are concentrated in the west of downtown and the left bank of Dnieper River. There are many kinds of manufacturing industries. Heavy industry mainly produces complete sets of mechanical equipment, precision machine tools and instruments, metal cutting machine tools, airplanes, chemical equipment, hydraulic cranes, electronic instruments, armatures, ships, motorcycles and film equipment, while light industry includes chemical products, cameras, computers, watches, knitwear and food. Chemical products include resins, fertilizers, plastics and chemical fibers. The publishing industry is developed, with 14 printing houses.
Kiev's landmark building-
Sophia Church and Ukrainian National Heroes
Statue of Khmelnitski
In the early 1970s, there were 350,000 industrial employees, accounting for about two-fifths of the total number of employees. Kiev is a land, sea and air transportation hub with developed transportation. Railways and highways lead to Moscow, Kharkov, Donbass, Odessa, western Ukraine and Poland. Dnieper River has a high shipping capacity. There are flights to most big cities in CIS, many towns in Ukraine, Romania and Bulgaria at Borispol Airport. The city has convenient transportation by car and tram, carrying more than 2 million passengers every day, and the subway.
Kiev has a long cultural tradition and has made outstanding achievements in medical and cybernetics research. There are 20 institutions of higher learning and more than 200 scientific research institutions in the city, as well as nearly 300 middle schools, 80 adult night schools and many professional and technical schools. National Kiev University is the most famous institution of higher learning. Founded in September 1834, it is the highest institution of higher learning in Ukraine with 20,000 students. In 1950s, many China students studied in Kiev University. 1999, more than 150 China students studied here. Kiev's welfare facilities include comprehensive and specialized hospitals, kindergartens, sanatoriums and children's holiday camps, as well as 1000 libraries, nearly 30 museums and former residences of historical celebrities.