In addition to the Memory of the World Directory, the Memory of the World Project also encourages the establishment of regional and national directories. These two catalogues mainly collect literature heritages with regional and ethnic significance. The regional and national lists are not inferior to the Memory of the World list in importance, but a means to protect regional and national literary heritages, because not all literary heritages are of world significance. China Archives Heritage List is the national directory of China. The Memory of the World Register includes world-class, regional and national levels, and contains literature heritages that meet relevant selection criteria.
Documentary heritage can be included in more than one catalogue. Memory of the World contains literary heritage of global significance. The regional and national directories include heritages of regional and national significance respectively. The significance of these directories lies in:
:: Raise the awareness of government agencies, NGOs and the public about the importance of their heritage.
:: Assist in raising funds from the Government and other donors.
Any documentary heritage nominated for the Memory of the World Register must be relatively evaluated according to one of the following selection criteria:
1. influence-literary heritage has had a great influence on world history beyond nations. These documents not only have national significance, but also have world significance beyond nationalities and regions.
2. Time-the documentary heritage representatively reflects a period of great change in world history, or helps to understand the history of a major moment in the world.
3. Local refers to regions and places that have made great contributions to the development of world history or culture.
4. People-documents are closely related to the lives or works of individuals or nations who have made outstanding contributions to the development of world history and culture.
5. Theme (field)-a document that records a major theme in world history or culture in a special way.
6. Form and style-special features of documents. This is a typical example of a style or form.
7. Social value-Literature has remarkable social, cultural and spiritual values beyond a national culture.
In addition to the above seven standards, two auxiliary standards should be considered. Although they are not important enough, they will help to enhance the importance of literature.
1. Integrity-If a documentary heritage shows a high degree of integrity, its importance will increase.
2. Scarcity-If a documentary heritage is unique or particularly rare, its importance will also increase.
These two standards play a reference role in determining whether the documentary heritage is included in the Memory of the World.
Some literature heritages may have a series of values that meet the selection criteria. For example, a document is important because of a topic or an author, but there may be more reasons. If it meets the auxiliary standards, that is, completeness and scarcity, its cultural connotation will be even greater. As of 20 13, there are 9 documents * * * in China's Memory of the World List: the time when the names and serial numbers of the documents were listed 1, the recording files of traditional music, the library of China Academy of Fine Arts 1997 2, the secret files of the Qing cabinet, the first historical file of China 1999 3, the ancient books of Dongba, Naxi nationality. In 2004, a historical file, Wind and Thunder, architectural drawings of Qing Dynasty May 2005, Compendium of Materia Medica, June 2007, Chinese, Japanese and American libraries 201kloc-0/7 Huangdi Neijing, National Library of China 201kloc-0/8 overseas Chinese batch files-overseas Chinese
(Selected from 1997) The existing recording files of traditional music and folk music of more than 50 nationalities in China collected by the Music Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Art and the China Traditional Music Recording Files are 7,000 hours long. Among them, A Bing, a famous folk artist, wrote famous songs handed down from ancient times.
2. Secret files of the Qing cabinet
The archives of western missionaries' activities in China in the17th century (selected from 1999) were kept in the First Historical Archives of China, which was formed in the middle of17th century, with 24 pieces in total. This part of the file system completely reflects the activities of western missionaries in China. Its core content is the historical dispute in the Tang Ruowang case.
3. Dongba ancient books and documents
(Selected in 2003) Dongba Cultural Institute in Lijiang, Yunnan. Dongba Sutra is a religious classic used by Dongba priests of Naxi nationality, and there are still more than 20,000 volumes handed down from generation to generation. In China Lijiang, Kunming, Beijing, Nanjing and Taiwan Province provinces, as well as the United States, German, Spanish and other countries have collections. Dongba Sutra covers history, philosophy, society, religion, language, music, art, dance and many other traditional disciplines, and is praised as "the encyclopedia of ancient Naxi people" by academic circles at home and abroad. Dongba Sutra is written in Dongba script. Dongba script has more than 2,000 characters, and its origin is very old, so it is called "the only living hieroglyph".
4. Imperial Examination in Qing Dynasty.
(Selected in 2005) The existing China No.1 Historical Archives, as the symbolic document archives of the ancient feudal imperial examination system in China, these "Golden Lists of the Qing Dynasty" are all the lists of palace examination who passed the imperial examination in the Qing Dynasty. China's imperial examination system began in the first year of Yang Di's great cause in Sui Dynasty (AD 605) and ended in Guangxu 3 1 year in Qing Dynasty (AD 1905), with a history of 1300 years. The imperial examinations in the Qing Dynasty were held every three years, and Cohen was added in case of major auspicious events. Science examination in Qing Dynasty was divided into four grades: children's examination, provincial examination, general examination and palace examination. Palace examination is the highest standard of science examination, and the emperor personally took the examination of Gong who passed the children's examination, provincial examination and general examination. The result list of the imperial examination is the "Golden List". The "Golden List" was written in yellow paper and ink, written in Chinese and Manchu, and published in the form of imperial edicts. There are two kinds of "golden lists": big and small. "Dibao" is stamped on the Great Gold List for hanging, and its length is generally between 15 and 20 meters, and its width is between 0.8 and 0.9 meters. There is no need to print the small gold medal list for the emperor to browse and announce the ranking when he holds the ceremony. The Golden List is divided into liberal arts and martial arts. In the Qing Dynasty, the gold medal list of liberal arts was hung on the left door of Chang 'an Avenue outside Tiananmen Square, and the gold medal list of martial arts was hung on the right door of Chang 'an Avenue outside Tiananmen Square. Three days later, he was taken back to the cabinet for preservation. There were more than 200 pieces in the Qing Dynasty, covering the scores of the imperial examinations from 6 years of Kangxi to 29 years of Guangxu.
5. Architectural drawings of "Style Mine"
(Selected in 2007) There are more than 20,000 mine samples in the world, and the National Library of China has more than 15000. The rest are mainly collected in the Palace Museum, China No.1 Historical Archives and China Institute of Cultural Relics. "Style Lei" belongs to the family of court architects in China in the Qing Dynasty. Grandfather Lei Fada (16 19 ~ 1693) was originally from Jiangxi. In the early years of Qing Dynasty, Lei Fada was recruited to serve in the Forbidden City in Beijing. In the early years of Kangxi, he participated in the construction of the palace and was "sealed" to be responsible for the construction of the imperial palace. Until the end of the Qing Dynasty, six generations of descendants of the Lei family were in charge of cases in the imperial house, which lasted for more than 200 years. They used to be responsible for drawing and ironing important engineering designs such as the Forbidden City, Beihai, Yuanmingyuan, Summer Palace, Jingyi Garden, chengde mountain resort, Qing Dongling, Xiling, etc., and their peers called this family "Style Lei". The heat samples designed and produced by the Lei family are unique and are important materials for understanding the architecture and design procedures of the Qing Dynasty.
6. Compendium of Materia Medica
1593 Jinling Edition (selected as 20 1 1) This edition has become a world treasure, and there are not many existing libraries in China, Japan (at most) and the United States. 1593 Jinling edition of Compendium of Materia Medica is the originator of all versions at home and abroad so far. It is a pharmacological monograph compiled by Li Shizhen in Ming Dynasty (15 18- 1593), covering many fields such as medicine, botany, zoology, mineralogy and chemistry. Darwin, a British biologist, called the book "The Ancient Encyclopedia of China". From 18 to the 20th century, Compendium of Materia Medica was translated into more than 20 languages, including English, French, German, Russian and Korean, and reprinted more than 100 times, which was widely circulated in the world and became the research object of scholars in many fields in the west.
7. Huangdi Neijing
1339 printed and published by Hu Bookstore (20 1 1 selected), Huangdi Neijing, which exists in the National Library of China, is the earliest and best-preserved edition in the world today. Huangdi Neijing is the foundation work of the theoretical system of traditional Chinese medicine, which was written more than 2,200 years ago during the Warring States Period in China. This book systematically summarizes the practical experience of ancient traditional medicine in China before the 2nd century BC, and reveals the outlook on life, mode of thinking and cognitive methods of TCM. The theoretical system and medical model constructed by Huangdi Neijing are still used for reference by traditional medicine and western medicine, which is the best witness to the development of world medicine and human civilization.
8. Overseas Chinese Approval Document-Overseas Chinese Bank Letter
(selected from 20 13)
The popular name of "overseas Chinese approval" is "approval", which is also called "remittance is the same as letters from home". "Pi" means "letter" in Minnan and Cantonese, and the letters or money sent back by overseas Chinese to their hometown are called overseas Chinese approval. Overseas Chinese approval is a remittance voucher sent back to China by overseas Chinese through non-governmental channels and later financial postal institutions, with letters or simple postscript, which mainly occurs in Chaoshan, Guangdong and Minnan, Fujian. /kloc-More than 0/00 years ago, a large number of China people went to Southeast Asia to make a living. At that time, communication was relatively closed, and overseas Chinese could only rely on overseas Chinese to send messages and send money to their families. Overseas Chinese identity is the link between overseas Chinese and their relatives in their hometown, and it is also an important driving force for the development of overseas Chinese hometown. "Overseas Chinese Approval Files" include "Fujian Overseas Chinese Approval" and "Guangdong Overseas Chinese Approval". There are as many as 6.5438+0.6 million overseas Chinese batch files and related documents preserved in Fujian and Guangdong, of which 6.5438+0.6 million are from the three major overseas Chinese hometowns in Guangdong, including more than 6.5438+0.000 in Chaoshan, more than 40,000 in Wuyi, more than 6.5438+0.000 in Meizhou, and only/kloc-0.0 million in Fujian. There is a saying that overseas Chinese approve archives, Guangdong looks at quantity, and Fujian looks at fine products. Overseas Chinese criticism is characterized by authenticity, uniqueness, irreplaceability, rarity and integrity. As a precious folk document, it is different from ordinary letters. It covers the political, economic and cultural exchanges between the hometown of overseas Chinese and the rest of the world, and integrates the historical records of foreign trade, postal service, postal transmission, finance and exchange. This is a historical letter deliberately carved by later generations, and it is known as "Dunhuang Literature of the 20th Century" in China.
9. Official Archives of Tibet in Yuan Dynasty
(selected from 20 13)
The Official Archives of Tibet in Yuan Dynasty contains 22 precious historical archives of Yuan Dynasty. These precious Yuan Dynasty archives date from 1304 to 1367. Among them, four documents were written by the emperor of the Yuan Dynasty to local monasteries and officials in Tibet, and they were one of the important documents between the central government of the Yuan Dynasty and the local government in Tibet. Because the Basiba characters were brilliantly popular in the Yuan Dynasty for nearly a hundred years, they gradually disappeared from people's vision and consciousness, and the paper version of Basiba characters is extremely rare. The four paper files of Basiba preserved in Xizang Autonomous Region Archives will play a decisive role in studying the relationship between the Yuan Dynasty and the local government in Tibet. Other documents of 65,438+08 Tibetan iron coupons were formed from 65,438+0304 to 65,438+0367, and most of them were issued by local government owners for officials and temples under their jurisdiction at that time, including His Holiness Sakya's edict and a part of Pazhu's Wang Wenshu. These archives are well preserved, and their historical and cultural values will be discovered and displayed to the world, which will provide extremely high research value for the changes of local political power and the level of economic development in Tibet in the Yuan Dynasty. These 22 precious historical archives of Tibet are rare in the archives of Xizang Autonomous Region Archives, and they are older and more valuable historical archives of Tibet selected from nearly one million archives sorted out.