Some students think that "middle school should read widely", so they read books. This is actually inappropriate. The concept of "extensive reading" varies with different times, and the number of "extensive reading" is also different. Today, people often use "information explosion" to describe the growth rate of information. No matter how strong a person is and how fast he reads, it is impossible for him to read all the books in the world. Therefore, it is very important to improve information retrieval ability, such as book selection ability.
Russian literary critic belinsky said: "It is better not to read a book that is not suitable for you." Therefore, from the effect of reading, we must learn to read selectively.
The purpose of choosing books is to distinguish which books should be intensively read, which books should be widely read, which books only need to read some chapters, which books should be kept on the desk for reference at any time, and which books can not be read for the time being, so as to read books that are beneficial to their physical and mental health in the limited extracurricular life of middle school students.
★ How to find a book to read?
The most common way to find books to read is to borrow books from the library. Some students go to the library to borrow books, either facing rows of catalog boxes and not knowing where to start, or holding a catalog drawer at hand and blindly reading catalog cards. In this case,
You can find one or two books suitable for you to read, and more often you get nothing.
This is mainly because I am not familiar with the catalogue types and usage methods of the library, and I don't know what catalogue to use under what circumstances.
Below, introduce some simple and easy methods.
(1) After you know the title, look it up in the title list.
There is a catalogue of book titles arranged in the order of Chinese strokes. Books with the same initials are lined up together. For example: The Journey to the West, Red Star over China, Study on the Microstructure of Xi 'an Loess, Preliminary Study on the Spread of Western Learning to the East, etc. Because the first word is "West", the catalogue cards of these four books are arranged together. Books and cards with the same first word are arranged according to the number of strokes of the second word, from less to more. Generally speaking, books and cards with equal strokes in the first word are lined up together and marked with drawing numbers. As mentioned earlier, books that begin with the word "Xi" are all classified as six paintings. If you already know the title, you can use the title catalogue to look it up. For example, if you want to see "Red Star over China", you can directly check the title catalogue when you get to the library, press the word "West" and look in the catalogue drawer of six paintings. When you find the word "West", turn over the cards behind the word "West" one by one. A little smarter, the second word "line" in the title of this book is also six paintings, which can be found in front of the "west" part. So it won't take a few minutes to find Red Star over China.
(2) When you know the author's name, you can check the author's directory.
Sometimes, someone recommends a book to you. The author's name is clear, but the title of the book is forgotten. There is no title, or there is no exact title, so you can't use the title catalogue. You can check the author's catalogue at this time. The author's catalogue is a collection of books written by the same author according to the order of the first word of the title. For example, a classmate recommended a popular science book on modern physics by American writer Gamov, which is popular, interesting and very good-looking. However, that classmate only remembers the word "adventure" in the title, but he can't remember the other words clearly. In this case, you can use the author directory. First, find the cover word of the eleventh paragraph of the author's catalogue according to the strokes of the cover word, and then find "Gaimoff" under the word "Gai". Open a few cards at this time and you will find the book Adventures in the Physical World.
(3) If you know the types of books, you can check the classified catalogue.
Sometimes, we are not sure which book to borrow or which book to borrow, but we can decide what kind of book we want or need. At this time, we don't know the title of the book or the name of the author, so we need to use the classified catalogue to look it up. Classified catalogue is to classify books according to the five systems of classic works, philosophy, social science, natural science and comprehensive reference, and number the categories, and then arrange them according to the classification number. The arrangement of classification numbers is complicated, so I won't introduce them in detail here. This paper introduces the method of searching books by using classification number. For example, you want to find a book about rice cultivation techniques, which has neither the title nor the author's name. You can judge what kind of book this book belongs to first. Rice should belong to agriculture. We find the category of agriculture from the classification table, which is represented by the letter "S". Looking down at agriculture, there are S 1 basic agricultural science, S2 agricultural engineering, S3 agronomy, S4 plant protection and S5 crops. "Rice" belongs to the category of crops and should be placed in the "S5" catalog drawer. Don't flip the cards immediately after you find S5' s drawer. Look at the subclass S5 1, which is "cereal crops", and S5 1 1 is "rice". At this time, just look up the card with the classification number "S5 1 1" and you can find the book you want.
(4) Borrow newspapers and check the index.
To borrow books, you need to consult the book catalogue, and to find articles published in newspapers and periodicals, you must use the tool of "index".
The famous indexing tool in China is the National Newspaper Index published by Shanghai Library, which is divided into social science edition and science and technology edition. Once a month, it reports important papers published in thousands of Chinese periodicals and newspapers all over the country, which is very convenient for classification and search.
For example, after the lecture on Ohm's Law in physics class, the teacher told everyone that someone wrote an article on Ohm and Ohm's Law in 1983, which can be borrowed, but I don't remember what magazine it was published in. At this time, you can use the national newspaper index, which is about ohm's law, and you should use the "science and technology edition" It's 1983, and there are only 12 copies throughout the year. Starting from the January issue, you only need to look up each issue of "N6 1 Biography of Natural Science and Technology", and you can read it in one minute. You can find this article in 12 in less than a quarter of an hour. The original text is 65438. So you can try to borrow physics magazines.
Of course, there are some methods, so I won't talk about them here. Mastering these methods saves time and effort when looking for books, and these methods are simple and easy to learn. Look for it twice more, and it will be easy if you are skilled. Once you learn it, you can use it in future universities and research.
★ Pay attention to reading methods
There are no fixed procedures and methods for reading extracurricular books, but there are still some methods for reading better.
(1) classified reading
Omi Chan, a junior at China University of Science and Technology, described his experience: classified reading. Borrow a few books of each kind, predict how long it will take to finish reading, and after arranging the normal class and homework time, put most of your spare energy into reading extracurricular books. He said: such classified reading can ensure the systematization of knowledge and can be improved step by step. When reading, it is easy to understand, interesting, durable and memorable. If you don't ask about any books, just read them when you get them. Generally speaking, without coherence, the results will not be great and you will soon forget them.
(2) Fast reading
Fast reading requires reading 2000 words in 30 minutes. The program is to finish reading the article in 5 ~ 10 minutes, then write or underline good words in 5 minutes, mark paragraphs, and then summarize the structure outline of the article in 10 minutes. Look up unknown words and phrases in the dictionary immediately, and finally read the article again within 5 minutes. This is done at one time. In the future, you can look at the structural outline you wrote, recall the content of the article and think about the writing skills of the article. If the impression is vague, look again. If you find that the outline written for the first time is not suitable, you can modify and supplement it. Read more articles, or make a comprehensive analysis of similar articles to find out their successes and shortcomings. Students who have this kind of reading experience said: "If you keep reading like this, whenever you see the essay questions assigned by the teacher, some articles I have read will come into view, and there will be reference content in how to conceive, how to start, how to start and how to end." Then contact the composition questions given by the teacher, and you will soon be able to determine what you want to write, and the composition will be much smoother. "
(3) Interest reading method
Ren Yong, the first student in the United States 1985 national unified examination for physics graduate students, introduced his learning experience with interest method. He said: Interest plays a great role in learning. My interest in physics was cultivated when I read extracurricular books in middle school.
In middle school, Ren Yong read Evolution of Physics, Adventures in the Physical World, Quantum Historical Stories, Atomic Physics and Human Knowledge, etc. Ren Yong said: "The touching plots, beautiful writing, concise mathematics and profound philosophy in these books left an unforgettable impression on me, so that when I applied for the university, I volunteered to fill in the Department of Physics. Until today, my interest has not changed at all. "