The content of etiquette education covers all aspects of social life. From the content point of view, there are appearance, behavior, expression, clothing, speech, treating people and so on; From the object, there are personal etiquette, public etiquette, hospitality etiquette, table etiquette, gift etiquette, civilized communication and so on. The code of conduct in the process of interpersonal communication is called etiquette, and the performance of etiquette in speech action is called politeness. To strengthen moral practice, we should pay attention to etiquette, so that people can communicate with each other on the principle of "respecting others, self-discipline, moderation and sincerity" and bid farewell to uncivilized words and deeds.
Etiquette, etiquette and politeness are rich and varied, but each has its own regularity. Its basic etiquette principles are: first, the principle of respecting people; Second, the principle of self-discipline, that is, self-denial, prudence, initiative, voluntariness, courtesy, self-comparison, self-reflection, self-demand, self-discipline, self-control, arrogance, duplicity; The third is the principle of moderation, moderation and control; Fourth, the principle of sincerity, treat people sincerely, treat people sincerely, don't take part in accidental amusement, and behave differently.
First, personal etiquette
(1) instrument
Instrument refers to a person's appearance, which is the external expression of a person's mental outlook. A person's hygiene habits and clothes are closely related to the formation and maintenance of a dignified and generous appearance.
1. Hygiene: Cleanliness is the key to beautiful appearance and the basic requirement of etiquette. No matter how beautiful clothes and luxurious clothes are, if the whole body is covered with dirt and smell, it will inevitably destroy a person's aesthetic feeling. Therefore, everyone should develop good hygiene habits, wash their faces and feet after going to bed and getting up, brush their teeth in the morning and evening and after meals, wash their hair and bathe frequently, pay attention to neatness and change clothes frequently. Don't "clean personal hygiene" in front of people. For example, picking teeth, picking nostrils, digging ear wax, manicure, rubbing dirt and so on. These behaviors should be avoided by others, otherwise, it is not only unsightly, but also disrespectful to others. When talking with people, keep a certain distance, don't speak too loudly, and don't splash on the population.
2. Clothing: Clothing reflects a person's cultural quality and aesthetic taste. Specifically, it is necessary to be natural, decent, harmonious and generous, and to abide by some established norms or principles. Clothing should not only adapt to its own specific conditions, but also always pay attention to the dress requirements of objective environment and occasions, that is, dress should give priority to time, place and purpose, and strive to keep in harmony with time, place and purpose in all aspects of dress.
(2) Speech
As an art, speech is also an important part of personal etiquette.
1, courtesy: be sincere and kind; The sound size should be appropriate, and the tone should be peaceful and calm; Respect others.
2. Terminology: honorifics, words expressing respect and courtesy. Such as "please", "thank you" and "sorry" in daily use, and the word "you" in the second person's address. The first meeting was "long heard"; Long time no see; Please criticize it as "teaching"; Trouble others call it "disturbing"; Seeking convenience is "borrowing light"; The client acts as "please" and so on. Efforts should be made to form the habit of using honorifics. At present, the polite expressions advocated in China are ten words: "hello", "please", "thank you", "sorry" and "goodbye". These ten words embody the basic language form of speaking civilization.
(3) Manners and manners
1, Conversation posture: Conversation posture often reflects a person's character, cultivation and civilized quality. Therefore, when talking, first of all, the two sides should look at each other and listen to each other, instead of looking around, reading books and newspapers, looking tired and yawning. Otherwise, it will give people the impression of being absent-minded and arrogant.
2, standing posture: standing posture is the most basic posture of people, is a static beauty. When standing, the body should be perpendicular to the ground, the center of gravity should be placed on the palms of the two front feet, and the shoulders should be relaxed. Arms droop naturally or cross in front of you, eyes look straight and smile. Don't bend your neck, waist and legs when standing. In some formal occasions, it is not advisable to put your hands in your trouser pockets or cross your chest, let alone make any small moves unconsciously. That will not only appear stiff, give people a feeling of lack of self-confidence, but also lose the dignity of etiquette.
3, sitting posture: sitting is also a static shape. A dignified and elegant sitting posture will give people an elegant, steady and natural aesthetic feeling. The correct sitting posture should be: straight back and relaxed shoulders. Women should put their knees together; Male knees can be separated, but not too big, generally not more than shoulder width. Put your hands naturally on your knees or on the armrests of your chair. On formal occasions, you should be gentle when you sit down, dignified and steady when you get up, and you can't rattle tables and chairs and create an embarrassing atmosphere. No matter what sitting posture, the upper body should be kept straight, as the ancients said, "sitting like a clock." If you insist on this, no matter how you change your posture, it will be beautiful and natural.
4. Posture: Walking is the main action in people's life, and walking posture is a dynamic beauty. "Walking like the wind" means using popular water to describe a brisk and natural gait. The correct walking posture is: light and steady, chest raised, shoulders relaxed, eyes looking straight, smiling, swinging arms naturally.
Second, meet etiquette
1, shake hands: shaking hands is an important way to communicate ideas, exchange feelings and enhance friendship. When shaking hands with others, look at them with a smile, don't be absent-minded, look around, and don't shake hands with others with a hat and gloves. Under normal circumstances, the handshake time should not exceed 3 seconds, and you must stand and shake hands to show respect and courtesy to others.
Shake hands also pays attention to a certain order: generally, it pays attention to the "honour person decides", that is, after the lady, the elder, the married person and the person with high status reach out, the man, the younger generation, the unmarried person and the person with low status can reach out and respond. If a person wants to shake hands with many people, it is polite to talk to the elders first, then the guests, and the order is: superior first, subordinate later, subordinate, elder first, J first.
2. Bowing ceremony: Bowing, which means bending down to salute, is a polite way to admire others. When bowing, you must stand at attention, take off your hat, look west, or say something unrelated to the salute while bowing. Look at each other before bowing to show sincerity of respect. Seriously; , the mouth is not 6. After 6 years, women are given priority, and men later show respect and can eat anything. 3. Greeting: Greeting is a silent greeting etiquette, which is often used to greet people you know. In social situations, people often wave. Bow and take off your hat as a sign of goodwill.
Third, * * * etiquette.
(1) Etiquette in Specific Public Places
1 Theater: Please be seated as soon as possible. If their seats are in the middle, they should politely signal to the people sitting to let them pass. It is impolite to face people who give up their seats. It is impolite not to let your hips face others. You should pay attention to dress neatly and go shirtless even if it is hot. In the theater, don't shout, laugh and make noise, and treat the theater as a snack bar. After the performance, the audience should leave in an orderly way.
2. Libraries and reading rooms: Libraries and reading rooms are public learning places.
① Pay attention to neatness and obey the rules. You can't come in wearing a sweatshirt and dragging shoes. To be seated/seated
A, don't leave a place for others. When consulting the catalog card, don't turn it over or tear it off.
Ring, or draw a line on the card with a pen.
② Keep quiet and sanitary. It's impolite to walk lightly, don't talk loudly, and don't eat food with sound or shells. .. ② Books, tables, chairs, benches, etc. It belongs to public property in libraries and reading rooms, and should be taken care of, and should not be portrayed or destroyed at will.
(2) Ride etiquette * 1. Riding white: strictly abide by the traffic rules. Do not run a red light, ride a bike without an umbrella, chase or run a tortuous race, or ride a bike with people. When the old, the weak, the sick and the disabled are slow to move, they should understand and take the initiative to be polite.
2. By train or ship: In the waiting room, keep quiet and don't make any noise. Line up in turn when you get on the bus. Don't push or collide. In the carriage and on the boat, you can't spit everywhere, throw scraps of paper and peels, and you can't let the children urinate anywhere.
3. By bus: When the bus arrives at the station, you should queue up in turn and take good care of women, children, the elderly and the sick and disabled. Don't grab a seat after getting on the bus, and don't put anything on the seat to occupy it for others. Passengers who are old, weak, sick, pregnant or holding a baby should take the initiative to give up their seats.
(3) Travel etiquette
1. Sightseeing: All tourists should take good care of the public property in the tourist area. Public buildings, facilities, cultural relics and historic sites, even flowers and trees, cannot be destroyed at will; Don't scribble, scribble or carve on columns, walls, monuments and other buildings; No spitting, urinating, no environmental pollution; Don't throw peels, scraps of paper and sundries.
2. Hotel Accommodation: Passengers staying in any hotel are not allowed to make a loud noise in the room or hold a party called by the company, so as not to affect other guests. Be polite to the waiters and thank them for their service.
3. Dining in a restaurant: respect the work of the waiter, be modest and polite to the waiter, wait patiently when the waiter is too busy, don't knock on the table and bowl, and don't shout. For the waiter's mistakes in work, we should put forward them in good faith, not cynicism.
Fourth, school etiquette.
As a special place for teaching and educating people, etiquette education is an important part of moral education and aesthetic education.
(A) student etiquette
Students are the main body of school work, so the common sense of etiquette that students should have is an important part of school etiquette education. Students should observe certain etiquette in class, in activities and in the process of getting along with teachers and classmates.
1, classroom etiquette: observing classroom discipline is the most basic courtesy of students.
(1) Class: When the bell rings, students should sit in the classroom and wait for the teacher to attend class. When the teacher announces the class, the whole class should stand up quickly, say hello to the teacher, and then sit down after the teacher replies. Students should arrive at school on time. If they have to enter the classroom after class due to special circumstances, they should get the teacher's permission before entering the classroom.
(2) Listening: Listen to the teacher carefully in class, concentrate on independent thinking, and take notes on important contents. When the teacher asks questions, you should raise your hand first, and then when the teacher calls your name, you can stand up and answer. When you speak, you should stand at attention, have a natural and graceful attitude, have a clear and loud voice, and use Mandarin.
(3) Class dismissed: The bell rings. If the teacher has not announced the class dismissed, students should listen to the class with peace of mind, don't be busy sorting out books, and don't be busy making the table ping-pong. This is disrespectful to the teacher. After class, all students still need to stand up and say "goodbye" to the teacher. Students can't leave until the teacher leaves the classroom.
2, clothing instrument: wearing refers to wearing underwear, shoes and socks. Its basic requirements are:
Suitable; Timely; Neat; Generous; Pay attention to the occasion.
3. Respect teachers' etiquette: Students should take the initiative to salute and say hello to teachers when they go in and out or go up and down stairs to meet them on campus. When students enter the teacher's office or dormitory, they should knock at the door first and get the teacher's permission before entering. In the place where the teacher works and lives, you can't just go through the teacher's things. Students should not point and comment on teachers' appearance and clothes, but should respect teachers' habits and personality.
4. Students ask etiquette: the deep friendship between students is the power of unity and friendship in life. Paying attention to the politeness between classmates is the basic requirement for you to have a good relationship with your classmates. Students can call each other by their first names, but they can't use impolite names such as "hello" and "hey". When you want something from your classmates, you should use polite expressions such as "please", "thank you" and "please". When borrowing school and daily necessities, you should ask for permission before using them, and return them in time after use. Thank you. We should not ridicule, sneer or discriminate against students' misfortunes, occasional failures and temporary backwardness in learning, but should give enthusiastic help. You can't judge your classmates' appearance, posture and clothes, let alone give them insulting nicknames. Never laugh at your classmates' physical defects. On these issues concerning self-esteem, we must be cautious and respectful. Don't talk about the taboo topics of classmates, and don't talk about classmates casually.
5. Assembly etiquette: Assemblies are often held in schools. Generally held in the playground or auditorium, due to the large number of participants and formal occasions, special attention should be paid to the etiquette in the assembly. Flag-raising ceremony: the national flag is a symbol of a country, and raising and lowering the national flag is a way to educate young people in patriotism. Whether in primary or secondary schools or universities, the flag-raising ceremony should be held regularly. When raising the national flag, all students should line up neatly, face the national flag and be in awe. When raising the national flag and playing the national anthem, stand at attention and take off your hat; Pay attention to the ceremony until the flag is raised. Flag-raising is a serious and solemn activity, so we must keep quiet and avoid free activities, laughing or looking around. Look solemn. When the five-star red flag Ran Ran rises, all the people present should look up.
6. Etiquette in public places on campus: We should consciously keep the campus clean and tidy, and do not throw scraps of paper, peels, spitting or littering in classrooms, corridors and playgrounds. Don't scribble, scribble, scratch or carve on blackboards, walls, tables and chairs. Take good care of school property, flowers and trees, and save water and electricity. Consciously store your bike in the designated carport or place, don't leave it lying around, and don't get stuck in traffic on campus. When eating in the canteen, you should queue up for courtesy, don't crowd, cherish the food and don't throw away the leftovers.
(B) Teacher etiquette
Teachers are the main body of school work, not only disseminators of scientific and cultural knowledge, but also educators of students' ideology and morality. While spreading knowledge, teachers exert a subtle influence on students with their own words and deeds, thus affecting their words and deeds. Therefore, teachers should pay great attention to the impression they leave on students, so as to make themselves an excellent example that students can follow.
1. Teacher's behavior: A person's temperament, self-confidence and self-restraint can often be expressed from his posture. Teachers, as engineers who shape the human soul, should pay more attention to their behavior in various occasions, be generous and decent, and naturally not hypocritical.
(1) Eyes: When lecturing on the platform, the teacher's eyes should be soft, kind and thoughtful, giving him a sense of peace, accessibility and self-determination. When you make a mistake in your speech and are interrupted by a student, or when something unexpected happens among the students and interrupts your speech, you should not cast a contemptuous or disdainful look. Doing so will damage your image in the eyes of students.
(2) Standing posture: The teacher's standing posture not only pays attention to students, but also contributes to the use of the body.
Language strengthens teaching effect. When giving lectures standing up, stand up straight and naturally, don't shrug your shoulders, and don't hold your head too high. When it is necessary to step onto the podium, the stride should not be too big or too fast.
(3) Gestures: Teachers generally need appropriate gestures when giving lectures to enhance the teaching effect. Gestures should be appropriate, natural and appropriate, and follow the relevant content. It is forbidden to knock on the podium or do other excessive actions during the lecture.
2. Teachers' speech: The main task of teachers is inseparable from language expression. Therefore, as a teacher, we should pay attention to the etiquette that should be observed in language expression.
(1) should be expressed accurately: every course offered by the school is science, with its rigor and scientificity. Teachers should strictly follow the discipline requirements in teaching and should not be vulgarized.
(2) The volume should be appropriate: lectures are not shouting slogans, and the sound should not be too loud, which will give students a sense of screaming. If the voice is too low to hear clearly, it will affect the teaching effect.
(3) The language should be concise: the lecture should focus on the center, without talking nonsense and superfluous words, giving students a clean and tidy feeling.
(4) Humorous words can be inserted in Hong class in time to enliven the classroom atmosphere and improve students' interest in learning.
3. Talk to students: (1) Give notice in advance and make preparations. It's best to greet the students in advance so that they can be psychologically prepared. This is both a courtesy and a respect for students.
(2) Warm welcome and create an equal atmosphere. Behave well and behave appropriately. When you speak, you should be calm and patient, not loud and sarcastic, and show good moral cultivation.
(3) Distinguish between occasions and lovers. The teacher's expression should be coordinated with the object and content of the conversation. When talking with students, don't exaggerate the facts, don't spread things that are not conducive to unity or hearsay.
Verb (abbreviation for verb) official etiquette
(1) Face-to-face reception of Chay
When the superior visits, the reception should be thoughtful. Listen carefully and remember the work assigned by the leaders; Leaders should answer truthfully when they know the situation; If the leaders come to offer their condolences, they should express their sincere thanks. When the leaders leave, they should get up and say goodbye to each other.
When subordinates visit, the reception should be cordial and warm. In addition to following the courtesy of a visitor, listen carefully to the questions reflected. If you can't answer them at the moment, reply politely. After the visit, get up and see me off.
(2) Telephone reception etiquette
Basic requirements for telephone answering:
(1) When the phone rings, pick up the phone and announce yourself first, and then ask the other party's intention to call.
(2) Telephone communication should carefully understand each other's intentions and repeat and echo each other's conversation when necessary to show positive feedback to each other.
(3) A telephone directory should be available, and important telephone calls should be recorded.
(4) When the telephone content is finished, wait for the other party to finish, and then end with "goodbye". After the other party puts down the microphone, gently put it down to show respect for the other party.
(3) Etiquette in introduction
When guests come to the office to meet the leaders, they are usually introduced by the office staff. On the way to guide the guests to the leadership office, the staff should walk a few steps in front of the guests to avoid turning their backs on them. Don't walk around casually while accompanying guests to meet leaders. You can say something decent at will or introduce the general situation of your unit.
Before entering the leadership office, you should knock on the door gently, and you can enter only after you get permission. You must not rush in. When knocking at the door, tap with your fingers, not pat hard. After entering the room, you should nod to the leader in the room first, and then introduce the guests to the leader. Pay attention to the wording when introducing, signal with your hands, but don't point your finger at each other. The order of introduction is generally that people with low status and young age are introduced to people with high status and old age; Introduce gay men to lesbians; If several guests visit at the same time, they should be introduced in the order of their duties.
When you leave the room after the introduction, be natural and generous, keep a good posture, and turn around and close the door gently after going out.
(4) go on road trip
Office personnel should pay attention to when accompanying leaders and guests to go out:
(1) Let the leaders and guests go first, and then go by themselves.
(2) Take the initiative to open the door and signal with the hand, and then close the door after the leaders and guests sit tight. Generally, the right door of a car is the top, the first and the most noble, so you should open the right door first and don't use too much force when closing the door.
We are very particular about the seats on the bus. In China, the right is up and the left is down. When accompanying guests, you should sit on the guest's left.
(5) Deliverables and recipients
Sending and receiving things is a common behavior in life.
The basic requirement of etiquette is to respect others. Therefore, when handing things, you must use both hands to show respect for each other. For example, when submitting business cards, the two sides often exchange pieces with each other after introduction. When submitting a business card, you should hand it respectfully with both hands, and the front of the business card should face the other party. When accepting other people's business cards, hold them respectfully with both hands. After receiving a business card, you should read it carefully or talk about its contents consciously. You shouldn't put it in your pocket or throw it around without looking.
(6) Meeting etiquette
The general etiquette of the meeting mainly includes the following points:
(1) When issuing the notice of the meeting, the date of the meeting should be stated.
(2) It is planned to send a meeting notice. The notice of the meeting must specify the time, place, theme and participants of the meeting. Notice should be given in advance so that participants can be prepared.
(3) Arrange the meeting place. The size of the venue depends on the content of the meeting and the number of participants. If the site is difficult to find, signposts should be installed near the site for guidance.
(4) The meeting time should be compact. For a "marathon"-style long meeting, there are often lengthy reports above, but yawns below. Therefore, it should be a very important part of meeting etiquette to be concise, make effective use of time and discuss substantive issues.
(5) Greeting etiquette. For some large and medium-sized meetings, we should conscientiously do a good job in welcoming the participants. Generally, a meeting group should be formed before the meeting to deal with related issues.
Students' etiquette routine
Etiquette of raising the national flag and singing the national anthem
■ Students attending the ceremony should dress neatly, fasten the buttons of clothes and trousers, put on the red scarf, take off their hats and stand at attention facing the flagpole. Don't talk, walk or do anything else. When raising the national flag and playing the national anthem, greet the national flag with a team ceremony or an eye-catching ceremony until it reaches the top of the pole.
Young Pioneers' joining ceremony: stand at attention, put your right hand and fingers together, hold your head up and hold your chest high, and stare at the recipient, indicating that the interests of the people are above everything else.
■ The national anthem is the national symbol of music. When singing the national anthem, you should stand at attention, look straight ahead, look solemn, have correct lyrics, accurate tone and loud voice.
The conventions of appearance, appearance and behavior
■ Dress appropriately: The daily dress of primary and secondary school students should conform to the age characteristics, especially the student status, and be neat and generous.
Young Pioneers and * * * Communist Youth League members are required to wear red scarves or league chapters. Students don't wear makeup, don't wear makeup, don't perm, and boys don't have long hair.
■ Sit up straight when attending meetings and listening to lectures. Sit up straight: the head is straight and the neck is straight, and the upper body is basically perpendicular to the back of the chair. Upright: Hold your head up and chest out, with your upper body and legs perpendicular to the ground.
Walk steadily: walk with correct posture, moderate stride, steady and powerful. When walking in corridors and classrooms, walk slowly and gently; In the street, walk on the right; Don't shake your shoulders and hips, there are not many people walking side by side.
■ Civilized manners: it is a comprehensive requirement of appearance. When talking with people, be sincere in attitude and civilized in language. Dealing with people, natural expression, generous action.
Etiquette and convention of communicating and talking with people.
■ Honorable address (honorific address): elders, friends or strangers address you as "you". Teachers and social workers should be addressed by their titles or "teachers", "masters", "uncles" and "aunts", rather than by their first names.
■ Say "please" when asking others; Say "hello" when greeting people; Say "goodbye" when breaking up with others; Say "I'm sorry" when giving people trouble; When others thank themselves, reply "it doesn't matter"; When you get help from others, say "thank you".
Etiquette and convention of using body language
■ Smile: it is a sign of being friendly to others, with no teeth exposed and slightly upturned corners of the mouth.
■ Bow: It is the courtesy of subordinates to superiors, juniors to elders and individuals to groups. When bowing, take off your hat, stand at attention, look at each other, smile, then lean forward, bend naturally and look down. Sometimes in order to express deep gratitude, the upper body can lean forward deeper.
■ Handshake: it is the most commonly used etiquette when meeting or saying goodbye to people, and it is also the etiquette to express gratitude, sympathy, congratulations or encouragement.
Stand up before shaking hands, take off gloves and shake hands with your right hand.
When shaking hands, look at each other and smile.
Under normal circumstances, you don't have to shake hands hard, just shake them. Old friends can hold hands deeper and longer, or shake hands while greeting.
Many people shake hands at the same time, don't cross, wait for others to shake hands before reaching out and shaking hands in turn.
■ Wave: Raise your hand and nod when you see an acquaintance or a farewell guest in public.
■ Applause: It is polite to express joy, welcome and thanks. Hands should beat each other rhythmically, and applause should be timely and moderate.
■ Right salute: When walking on campus, going up and down stairs, corridors or streets, walk on the right. When teachers, guests, elders, children, women, disabled people and soldiers enter and leave the gate, take the initiative to open the door and stand aside and let them go first.
School manners and customs
■ When you meet your teacher for the first time at school, you should stop and bow and say hello: "Hello, teacher!" "Hello, headmaster!" When there are many people, you can nod and say hello; When you meet your classmates, you can nod and wave.
■ Stand up after class. Stand on one side of the seat, hands droop naturally, and pay attention to the teacher.
■ Please raise your hand before you prepare to ask or answer questions in class. The correct action is: sit on the seat, put your right elbow on the table, raise your upper arm, put your right fingers together, and put your fingertips up. Wait until the teacher allows you to stand up and speak.
■ Enter the teacher's office or dormitory, shout "report" or knock at the door. The people in the room heard it in a moderate voice. In social intercourse, you must knock before entering other people's rooms. You are not allowed in without permission.
Family etiquette convention
■ Please ask your elders to sit down before taking a seat, and be polite to others when dining.
■ Before leaving home, say hello to your parents: "I'm leaving, goodbye!" Go home and say, "I'm back!" " "
■ When parents leave home or return home, take the initiative to greet and hand over items. Hospitality,
Etiquette and practice of welcoming guests
When guests visit, they should stand up and greet with a smile, and take the initiative to say "hello!" " ""welcome! "Stand up when answering questions from guests. Offer seats and deliver water for guests; Guests should avoid talking to their parents; The guest left, got up and walked to the door.