1. Improper word order of multilayer attributives 2. Improper word order of multi-layer adverbial 3. Improper order of attributive and head words 4. Attributive and adverbial are not in place. The word order of related coordinate words or phrases is incorrect. The subject and related words are out of order [example1]1. Excellent professor of Chinese Department in Peking University, with more than 30 years' teaching experience. Excellent professor of Chinese Department in Peking University, with more than 30 years' teaching experience. In order to write the paper assigned by the teacher, many students have been reading eagerly in the reading room in recent days. In order to write the paper assigned by the teacher, many students have been reading eagerly in the reading room in recent days. He jumped out of the pond and came to the edge of the pool, where he swam soon. He came to the pool, jumped into the pond and swam quickly. We have carefully studied and listened to your opinions. Words can reflect the meanings of inheritance and priority. Word order must meet this objective requirement. In this case, "learning and listening" reverses the order of commitment. Students, leaders and teachers all attended the opening ceremony. (It should be changed to "leaders, teachers and students") 6. Look at vilen blooming everywhere. (It should be changed from "blooming mountain flowers" to "blooming mountain flowers" to match the later "blooming". ) 7. The Palace Museum recently exhibited cultural relics newly unearthed more than 2,000 years ago. When was this "cultural relic" unearthed? According to the original sentence, it was "more than two thousand years ago", but it was not. This is because the word order is not current, which leads to ideographic errors. We should move the "newly unearthed" to the "exhibition" ) 8. This village has well implemented the Party's policy of enriching the people. Now, we have not only sold 60,000 Jin of agricultural grain to the country, but also stopped eating state relief. (If the progressive relationship is improper, it should be changed to "not only don't eat state relief grain, but also sell 60 thousand Jin of public grain to the state") 9. In your own way. They are exploring, they are judging, they are looking for, they are thinking, (it should be changed to "for their own way, they are thinking, they are judging, they are exploring, they are looking for") [Analysis of classic college entrance examination questions 1] (improper word order) 1. This paper discusses some problems in the economic field theoretically and politically. Through inspection, we discussed, found and solved some problems in extracurricular activities. (Shanghai, 1995) [classroom consolidation training] What happened to the following sick sentences? 1. The FBI arrested the professional spy Em, exposing the scandal that in-service intelligence personnel provided top secret information to foreign countries in the history of American intelligence. 2. Many masterpieces of China's calligraphy and painting art are not only the treasures of human art, but also the artistic treasures of the Chinese nation. (Shanghai, 1997). He not only loves playing Weiqi, but also is good at studying the development history of Weiqi. Second, improper collocation.

1. Improper collocation of related words 2. Improper collocation of attribute and head word (subject and object) 3. Verbs and objects are not collocated properly. Improper collocation of subject and predicate 5. Improper collocation of verbs and complements. Improper collocation of adverbial and head word (predicate) 8. Improper collocation of one side and two sides [Example 2]1. People's living standards are constantly improving. If the subject-predicate collocation is improper, the word "improvement" should be changed to "improvement". His revolutionary spirit always appears in front of my eyes. ("Spirit" and "Emergence" cannot form a subject-predicate relationship. You can change "spirit" into "image". What a beautiful picture the rustling waves and the silver sea make up. Both "wave" and "sea surface" are subjects, in which "wave" cannot form a subject-predicate relationship with the predicate "component", so "rustling wave" should be removed or another subject-predicate relationship should be formed. Due to reasonable close planting and strengthening management, the rice production in this county is generally growing well. ("Production" and "good-looking" cannot form a subject-predicate relationship, so "production" should be deleted and "rice" should be used as the subject) 5. Whenever I recall the days when I lived with him day and night, his amiable voice, smile and persuasive teaching will reappear in front of my eyes. "Teaching" and "appearance" constitute an improper subject-predicate relationship, so "persuasion teaching" can be removed. "It is best to add' ringing in my ear again' to form a subject-predicate relationship. 6. The novel Song of Youth brilliantly portrayed the heroic deeds of Lu Jiachuan, Jiang Hua, Lin Hong and others in party member. ("Shaping" and "deeds" cannot constitute an object relationship, but "deeds" can be changed to "images") 7. The soldiers braved heavy rain and muddy roads to make rapid progress. ("Crossing the Kanto" and "Small Road" can't form a predicate-object relationship, so "Zheng" and "Shang" can be added before and after "Muddy Road" respectively. The students watched and listened to the report of Laoshan hero with admiration. (The "gaze" in the joint predicate cannot be collocated with the object "report" and can be deleted. ) 9. The private plots cultivated by farmers that meet the policy requirements are a kind of legitimate labor. (Improper collocation of subject and object) 10. Two parallel lines with short lines are always two unreachable endpoints. The meaning of subject and object in the judgment sentence does not belong to the same category, which leads to improper collocation of subject and object. In this case, "two parallel lines are endpoints" is obviously not properly matched, so "endpoints" can be changed to "straight lines" and so on. ) 1 1. We firmly believe that one day, China's industry and agriculture will become developed countries. The object of this sentence is a subject-predicate phrase, but the short-lived backbone of this subject-predicate phrase is "industry and agriculture become a country", and the meaning of the subject and object is obviously inappropriate. You can change "country" to "industry" and so on. ) [Analysis of Classical Exams in College Entrance Examination 2-a] (Improper collocation) 1. All cadres and the masses, without exception, must abide by the socialist legal system. No matter how unfavorable the climatic conditions and geographical environment were, the climbers still overcame difficulties and succeeded in reaching the top. With this compass, you won't get lost whether it is cloudy or when you can't see the sun in the morning and evening. (Shanghai, 1992) 4. When they encounter difficulties, they are not depressed, but gain strength from everyone's trust and concern and establish confidence in overcoming difficulties. (97) [Analysis of Classical Examination Questions of College Entrance Examination 2-B] 4. No.1 factory is constantly committed to the research and development of new products, new technologies, new processes and new materials, driven by technological progress. Do you know how much work bees do in a catty of honey? According to the statistics of scientists, there are about 500 thousand pollen collected by bees per catty of honey. (1993) 【 Analysis of Classical Exams in College Entrance Examination 2-c】7. He immediately called the Standing Committee to study and arranged the content, time and participants of the on-site meeting in a unified way, as well as the problems that should be paid attention to in the meeting. (95) 8. This cultural station has become a place to educate and help backward youth, save and train young people who have lost their feet, and has been commended by superior leaders for many times. (93) 9. In recent years, China has accelerated the development of higher education, and colleges and universities will further expand enrollment and focus on building a number of high-level universities.

Third, it is illogical.

1. The concept scope is not clear. 2. contradiction. 3. Repeated denial will lead to confusion. 4. The subject and object are reversed. 5. Wrong use of related words [Example 3]. 1. At night, from a distance, the whole building was dark, and only one room was brightly lit. Now that he's here, he's still worried. Mathematics doesn't interest me. In this sentence, the subject is "I" and the object is "Mathematics", which should be changed to "I am interested in mathematics". Ostrovsky's How Steel was Tempered is no stranger to young people in China. (It can be changed to "China youth are no strangers to ostrovsky's How Steel was Tempered") More than 5. Eight thousand people, thousands of troops and horses, struggled with the storm and flood for a day and a night. (How can "more than 800 people" have thousands of arms? "Thousands" should be changed to "more than one thousand") 6. He worked hard and completed all the courses in the university in three years. ("All the courses in the university" are vast, and it is not objective to finish them in only three years, so "all" can be removed. ) 7. When you stand on the shore and look at the boundless sea, a magnificent picture of our ancestors at sunrise and returning at sunset will emerge in front of your eyes. (since it is "looking at the sea", the picture presented later should be the scene at sea. This expression sees the scene on land, which is inconsistent. You can turn the "sea" into "vast land" and so on. ) 8. This year, 90% of the students in our school joined the "Volunteer Commando". No one will deny that the Yangtze River does not flow eastward. ("No denial" means "recognition", and "recognition" means "the Yangtze River does not flow eastward", which obviously does not conform to the objective facts. You can change "denial" to "recognition" or remove the second "no") 10. Can you deny that you shouldn't study hard? The answer to the rhetorical question is on the opposite side of the sentence. If you don't use rhetorical questions, negation is appropriate, but if you use rhetorical questions, the meaning is just the opposite. The word "no" can be removed) 1 1. Over the past few years, he has been collecting and sorting out folk songs and accumulated a lot of information. ("Always" means "Always", but the sentence expression is just the opposite, and "forgetting" can be changed to "being present") 12. Young workers, old workers and women attended the railway workers' congress. (improper classification and enumeration. "Young workers" and "old workers" are divided by the same standard, while "women" are different standards and cannot form a parallel relationship with the former two, so "women" can be removed. All league members, especially middle school students, should study hard scientific and cultural knowledge. (The object to be emphasized by the word "special" should be the part of the above-mentioned concept that forms a range relationship with the front, while "middle school students" and "league members" can only be cross-related, so "middle school students" should be changed to "middle school students' league members". ) 14. I bought toothpaste, toothbrush and daily necessities in the street. ("Toothpaste", "toothbrush" and "daily necessities" are not juxtaposed, but subordinate, so "harmony" should be changed to "equality") [Analysis of classic college entrance examination questions 3] (illogical) 1. Three taboos for sleeping: first, don't get angry before going to bed, second, don't eat enough before going to bed, and third, don't lie in the wind. Of course, the spirit of Lei Feng should be endowed with new connotations, but who can deny that there is no need to learn from Lei Feng now? (98) 3. In ancient times, this kind of music works only had written records, and there was no score information, so they could neither be played nor sung. (1995) 4. Cai Wenji, a large-scale historical drama adapted by Beijing People's Art Theatre, is scheduled to be staged in capital theatre on May 1 day, and is being rehearsed intensively recently. (200 1) 5. Our newspapers, magazines, televisions and all publications have a greater responsibility to set an example, put an end to the phenomenon of nonstandard words, and increase the awareness of standardization in the use of language and characters. (2000)1On June 3rd, July, six members were expelled from the International Olympic Committee because of the bribery scandal. The next day, the world's major newspapers reported this event that shocked the international sports world in detail. (99) [Classroom consolidation training] What's wrong with the following ill sentences? 1. In order to prevent such traffic accidents from happening again, we have strengthened traffic safety education and management. In recent years, Comrade Wang Fang has been collecting and arranging folk songs almost all the time. What we young people lack is low theoretical level and lack of time experience. After hard work, in the final exam, his average score of six subjects was above 90. After the evening self-study, there was no one in the classroom, only Xiao Wang was still secretly searching for something with a flashlight in the classroom. 6. In this remote town, a large supermarket that provides customers with all kinds of supplies, clothing, stationery and home appliances is about to open. 7. According to preliminary statistics, about 20% people now regard savings as their future endowment insurance. During the period of 8. 10, the number of books published has more than doubled, while the total print runs are basically the same, which indicates that the average number of books has more than doubled.

Fourth, the structure is chaotic.

1. Two different sentence patterns are mixed together. 2. Oppose the customer first. 3. Change the course halfway [Example 4]1. What can't be said is that the school gave this task to our class, and everyone felt glorious. (Miscellaneous) 2. Since China people accepted Marxism–Leninism, great changes have taken place in China's revolution under the leadership of Comrade Mao Zedong. As far as the students' schoolwork burden is concerned, it is too hard for teachers to be buried in the homework pile all the year round. (anti-customer first. Before the first sentence was finished, it was interrupted by the second sentence and changed to another topic. As a leading cadre of party member and the Party, we should take the fundamental interests of the Party and the people as the starting point when doing things and thinking about problems. The second half is a mixture of "starting from ..." and "starting from ...", which can be changed from "from ... to" using ") 5. Throughout the ages, no one denies that talented people with outstanding achievements have the spirit of struggle. (The predicate part is a mixture of a judgment sentence and a statement sentence. You can add "de" at the end of the sentence to form an emphasis structure of "yes ……", or you can remove "yes". ) 6. Survival published by Shanghai Literature and Art Publishing House was written by a Chinese Canadian writer who has lived overseas for more than 20 years. (it is a mixture of subject-predicate sentences and verb-predicate sentences, and the "author" at the end of the sentence can be removed. You can imagine how you can get good grades if you don't study hard. (It's a mixture of rhetorical questions and declarative sentences, so it's necessary to remove "it's conceivable" and add "what" after "achievement") [Analysis of Classical College Entrance Examination Questions 4] (structural confusion) 1. Whether the electronic industry can develop rapidly and penetrate into all walks of life widely depends on accelerating the training and bringing up a group of specialized technical talents. (1993) 2. Whether we can cultivate new people with "four haves" is a major event related to the future and destiny of our party and country, and it is also the fundamental task of the education front. 3. How can we make everyone rich? The key issue is that knowledge plays a decisive role. The poverty of knowledge will inevitably lead to the poverty of wealth, and the abundance of wealth is often based on the richness of knowledge. (Spring of 200 1) 4. It is not difficult to see that this obvious misjudged case has been delayed in getting a fair judgment, and the fundamental reason is the absence of party style. (200 1) 5. The Law on the Protection of Consumers' Rights and Interests is very popular with consumers, because it strengthens people's awareness of self-expression and protects consumers' rights and interests to the maximum extent. (99) [Classroom consolidation training] What's wrong with the following ill sentences? 1. Being good at discovering and using talents often plays an important role in the development of enterprises. 2. At the end of the 20th century, whether mankind can peacefully enter the new century depends on the sober judgment of western capitalism on the world trend and its ability to rationally use free power. 3. Carrying out the Party's educational policy in an all-round way is a major issue related to whether students can really be trained into "four haves". He made such great achievements because he worked hard and struggled tenaciously. When the superior announced that the task was given to us, we all felt both glorious and happy. This feeling is indescribable. 6. At present, with the rapid growth of international trade and investment, transnational operation is very eye-catching, and it has become a new economic force, showing a great role in the international arena. 7. The migration of birds is often caused by changes in the external environment. V ambiguity 1. Obscurity II. Ambiguous 3. Ambiguity [Example 5]1. In three years of high school life, I made great progress. Because teachers are strict with themselves. It is not clear whether "ego" refers to the teacher or "me", and "ego" can be changed to "me" according to the context. ) 2. On the day of the old school reunion, when Zhang Qing and Wang Jie met, he said, "Do you still know him?" ("He" means Zhang Qing or Jesson Wang? It can be changed to "Zhang Qing") 【 Analysis of Classical Exams in College Entrance Examination 5 】 (unclear meaning) 1. The notice from the county said that Zhao, the township head, should report before this month 15. (94) 2. Someone received a letter from the secretary group of the academic conference, which said: As long as your unit agrees, we can reimburse the travel expenses, arrange accommodation and get a conference attendance card. (9 1) 3. Everyone is generally very angry that the ranger exposed the problem that the Forestry Bureau took the lead in smuggling timber. As soon as people enter the teaching building, they will see all the pictures and posters about the history of Macao hanging on the walls on both sides of the corridor. At the beginning of this year, the United States and Britain assembled a frightening military force, which made the Gulf region once overcast. 6. It is necessary for students who love art to strengthen art counseling, but can we ignore scientific study? Do you want them to learn math and physics well? In order to make students have a reasonable knowledge structure, our answer is yes. 7. How did he do in class? According to his teacher, this is not the case. [Classroom consolidation training] What happened to the following ill sentences? 1. Billboards are not allowed outside stations, docks, airports, parks and commercial areas. 2. How to improve students' language expression ability quickly is a special concern of Chinese teachers in middle schools. The head of the department is fully prepared for his criticism. I saw Bird helping an old man get off the bus with a black leather bag in his hand. The reporter denied that the alien's visit to country W and city N was justified. 6. With the development of economy, do we still need traditional morality? How to choose between righteousness and benefit? Our answer is yes. 7. Was Li Xiucheng brave when he was caught by the Qing soldiers and beheaded? According to some historical records, this is not the case. 8. When an industry's knowledge innovation and technological progress have just begun to develop, the industry will be in a stage of rapid rise and become a sunrise industry; Instead, it became a sunset industry. 9. The collection of historical materials is easier than identification and application, which is the main strength of most writers in China in the past.

Sixth, the composition is redundant or incomplete

1 Component is redundant 1. The subject repeats part of the predicate 2. Predicate is duplicated with object 3. Predicate repeats modifier 4 before and after it. Attribute is duplicate with heading 5. Repetition of adverbial with head [Example 6-1]1. The official salary of the applied foreign experts should generally be higher or kept during the probation period, but not lower. (It has been defined as "above or maintained", and the case of "below" is explicitly excluded, and then "below probation salary" is used, which is duplicate and should be deleted. ) 2. Five-star winery decided to keep Chen Xinyao and others in the factory for observation and punishment for two years. During the punishment period, they paid the living expenses every month and were exempted from bonuses. (In front of the second sentence, it has been explained that "only living expenses are paid" and bonuses have been ruled out. Let's talk about "free bonuses" again. Duplicates should be deleted. ) 3. Xuelian brand shirts, regardless of style or quality. Still packaging, it can be called first-class in the country. ("Kan" originally means "can", so we should use "can" in front of it and remove "can". Judging from his weak breathing, he is not dead, and he still has a breath. The reason why I didn't do well in this exam is that I didn't carefully examine the questions according to the teacher's requirements. 6. Lao She's writing style has always shared weal and woe with the people. 7. The lecture notes borrowed from your college last time are being printed and can be distributed to students before class. The predicate "continue" is redundant and should be deleted. 8. Ten players on the basketball court are having a fierce game. ("hit" is redundant and should be deleted) 9. Balzac, a famous French novelist, spent his whole life creating a collection of novels, Human Tragedy. Today, I came to Yangzhou Slender West Lake and visited the White Pagoda, Diaoyutai and Wu Ting Bridge. 1 1. There are fertile land, rich mineral deposits and mountain villages full of countless treasures. (The addition of "various" ingredients is redundant and should be deleted) 12. Before the start of school, we had a military training. The coach in charge of military training was the company's beard and small eyes. ("Responsible for military training" is redundant and should be deleted) 13. Judgment is a form of thinking that affirms or denies whether something has a certain nature. ("Whether" is redundant should be deleted) 14. The mountains are full of fruits: pears, apples, persimmons ... ("everywhere" and "everywhere" are repeated, so it is better to delete "everywhere" because "everywhere" has more emphasis) 5438+05. In order to simplify the number of words, ("some" is repeated with the previous "slightly added", but it can be deleted. ) [College Entrance Examination Classic Test Analysis 6-a] (redundant components) 1. Usually he is always reticent, but when he talks about his favorite major at academic conferences, he becomes more active and talkative. (1997) 2. We must rely on the masses for everything, otherwise we can't do anything ourselves. Yesterday was the last day of the transfer deadline, and the China Football Association received another 25 players' transfer applications. (98) 4. Due to its unique characteristics, "A glimpse of China's ancient literature" has been widely circulated and enduring for nearly 300 years since its publication, and it is still a valuable anthology. (Spring 2000) 5. In addition to the staff of Peking University, the students of this short online training course also participated in the study, including teachers, students and scientific and technological workers from Tsinghua and other 15 universities. [Classroom consolidation training] What happened to the following ill sentences? 1. It is an urgent task for all kinds of sports workers in China to establish good moral habits in study. After listening to the introduction of my hometown, I feel sincerely admired and gratified to see the earth-shaking changes in my hometown. Severe legal sanctions should be imposed on party and government cadres who know the law and break the law. There are a lot of silent subtext behind this sentence. The central government attaches great importance to cotton production and points out that "cotton production should be greatly developed and accelerated". 6. During the meeting, we also visited the experience of several township enterprises in Hongqi Town, which were developed by the method of "introducing from the inside out". 7. The third reason for the accelerated development of natural science is that the field of science has concentrated the best, most creative and adventurous talents in society. 8. Habitual forces make them turn a blind eye to the unreasonable arrest and detention of the Public Security Bureau. 2 Incomplete composition 1. Unfinished subject 2. Predicate 3 is incomplete. Incomplete object 4. Incomplete modifier 5. Head insufficiency [Example 7]1. With the help of teachers and classmates, I have made rapid progress. Due to the frequent use of prepositions or object-object structures, the original subject becomes adverbial, and the lack of subject in the whole sentence is the main manifestation of incomplete subject. In this sentence, the words "in" and "under" should be deleted or the word "make" should be deleted. ) 2. Jiangnan gifted scholar was taken home by Wang Laohu and sent to his sister's room. Because the sentence is long, changing the topic secretly is also an important aspect that causes the subject to be missing. The subject of the first half of this sentence is "zhou wenbin", and the second half is changed to "Wang Tiger", so the subject "Wang Tiger" should be added to the last sentence. ) 3. The school has made remarkable achievements in education and teaching, and has been deeply impressed by provincial and municipal education committees for many times. The radical part of the radical phrase is misunderstood as the head, and the lack of subject in the latter sentence is also worthy of great attention. The subject of the first clause of this sentence is "achievement", and the subject of the second clause is misunderstood as "school", so it is omitted by mistake, and the subject "school" should be added before the second clause. After the bitter winter, a four-meter-high, 700-meter-volt river dam stands proudly beside Tianmu Lake. Because the sentence is long, I forget the previous structure after writing, so the incomplete predicate is the main reason. In this case, the subject is "Nanpu people" and there is no corresponding predicate, so "yes" should be added before "one". The business department actively responded to the call of the government, publicized and educated the masses with great fanfare, and promoted the importance of products. We should add "clarification" before "sale". After a semester of study, great changes have taken place in the students of our school. In the old society, working people did not have enough to eat and wear. (Either delete "life" and take "not enough to eat and not warm to wear" as the predicate, or add "life" before "eat") 8. The school party Committee discussed and mobilized all teachers and students to carry out patriotic health campaign. (The sentence is a bit long, and the echo with the previous components is ignored when you say or write it later, which is an important reason for the incomplete object. There is no object head word corresponding to the predicate "discussion" at the end of this case, so "question" should be added at the end. ) 9. The History of Entrepreneurship is a novel describing the socialist revolution in rural areas of China. The text describes the plan that Liang Shengbao went to Guo County to buy new rice seeds and realize the double cropping of rice and wheat when the mutual aid group was just established. (The story with a "at the end echoes the predicate of" writing ") 10. They cherish the motherland, look around the world, vigorously carry forward the courage to fight, and finally win the championship. (The "spirit of" should be added after "dare to blog" to echo the predicate "carry forward") 1 1. If you want to get excellent grades, you must work hard. (Lack of necessary additional components will lead to imprecise ideographic expression, etc. In this case, it is impossible to "achieve excellent results" only by "paying labor". Add the word "hard and effective" before "labor") 12. When spring comes, the wheat grows well and enjoys a bumper harvest. (You should add "Autumn Queen" after "Get" to limit the time. ) [Analysis of College Entrance Examination Classics 7] (Incomplete composition) 1. In order to fully popularize raising pigs with rapeseed cake or feeding pigs with cottonseed cake and speed up the cause of raising pigs, the county held three training courses on breeding pig technology. (1997) 2. Why has this phenomenon of wasting talents not attracted the attention of relevant departments so far? After repeated explanations by the old director, his anger gradually subsided, and finally a smile appeared on his face. (93) [Classroom consolidation training] What are the mistakes in the following ill sentences? 1. From a large number of observation facts, it tells us that it is best to observe every hour to grasp the continuous changes of the weather. I am very touched to see the old master's conscientious and selfless dedication. 3. The performance of Romanian artists won warm welcome from all walks of life, and spoke highly of this successful performance. Looking back, the "Cultural Revolution" caused great damage to the education front. 5. The successful launch of the experimental communication satellite shows that China has the ability to independently build, develop, launch, track, measure and test the geosynchronous communication satellite engineering system. 6. These hybrid rice are very popular with local farmers, because they have higher yield and stronger resistance to pests and diseases than re-education rice imported from abroad. Chef Lao Zhu was on his way to the artillery position when suddenly a man dressed as a tourist came up to him. 8. The heads of the State Administration for Industry and Commerce and the Bureau of Technical Supervision recently stressed that it is a long-term task to deal with the illegal acts that affect people's lives, such as fake and shoddy goods, especially fake wine. 9. The report of Academician Li of China Academy of Sciences strengthened our efforts to basically realize modernization before 2005. 10. When the country is facing a crisis, only the people can shoulder the heavy responsibility of saving the nation from extinction. 1 1. Professor Li designed two sets of difficult floor exercises. 12. China strongly urges all nuclear-weapon States to negotiate and conclude agreements on unconditional no-first-use and no use or threat of use of nuclear weapons against non-nuclear-weapon States and nuclear-weapon-free zones.

Seven, improper classification

1, words that do not belong to the same category are put together as the same category; I like China Youth Daily and Science Illustrated. 2. Words in different ranges are put together. Example: Autumn is coming, and the crops and rice in the field are ripe. 3. Words with different classification standards are put together. Exodus workers, farmers and young people took part in this labor.