There are a large number of books, newspapers and other combustible materials in university libraries, but the awareness of fire prevention in the architectural design of university libraries is weak, and there are many factors that are easy to cause fires. Through the analysis and investigation of a university library, this paper finds out its fire hidden danger, analyzes the reasons for its existence, and puts forward the elimination scheme and strategy.
Keywords: library fire emergency strategy
As a public cultural facility, the library has increasingly become an important place for ordinary citizens to engage in cultural activities, research and obtain information. Most of the books, newspapers, audio-visual materials and CD-ROM materials collected by the library are flammable, and they receive mobile readers, which is uncertain. Once a fire breaks out, the consequences are unimaginable. Therefore, the library must take targeted measures to avoid fire [1-3]. In recent years, with the vigorous development of China's higher education, the university library, as a temple of knowledge, has been expanding, the scale is getting bigger and bigger, and the number of fires is also increasing, which has sounded the alarm for the fire safety of universities. It is of great practical significance to analyze the hidden dangers of fire in university libraries and their fire prevention measures for preventing library fires and reducing and avoiding irreparable losses.
1. Major fire hazards in the library
1. 1 objective factors
(1) Books, newspapers, periodicals, audio-visual materials and CD-ROMs stored in the library are all combustible materials. Because of the large quantity, it is old and dry after a long time, and it is prone to fire. Bookshelves, bookcases, boxes, etc. Most of them are wood products, and the interior decoration is mostly combustible materials, which is of great fire risk.
(2) The library building is in disrepair for a long time, the electrical wiring is aging, and the power load is increasing, which is easy to cause electrical fires.
(3) When the library is designed, the design is unqualified, leaving a fire hazard.
1.2 Subjective factors
(1) The fire control system in the museum is not perfect, the existing system exists in name only, the responsibility of prevention and inspection is not implemented, and the fire safety awareness is weak, which leads to the fire.
(2) The use of high-power electric heaters (such as electric water heaters and electric heaters) in libraries is likely to cause fires due to improper use strategies or product quality reasons.
(3) The maintenance equipment and electric welding machine in the warehouse are exposed to fire. Due to improper protective measures, spattered sparks can easily cause fire.
1.3 library * * * sexual reasons
At present, the library emergency evacuation has the following reasons to varying degrees:
(1) The fire instructions are not clear. In order to strengthen management, modern libraries often set up access control and credit card access control systems at the entrance, and there are always staff on duty at the door. These measures not only strengthen the management of the library, but also narrow the entrance and exit of the library.
(2) Emergency road congestion. There are sundries piled up on the fire escape, and usually the fire will be accompanied by power failure, which may cause casualties. Almost all libraries are equipped with fire extinguishers and other fire fighting equipment, which is also a necessary measure taken by libraries as key fire prevention units. But there is a reason for the placement and use strategy of fire fighting equipment. Many employees don't understand the use strategy. This kind of negligence in daily management may lead to disastrous consequences when disaster comes.
(3) The entrance and exit space of the electronic reading room is small. The opening of electronic reading room has greatly facilitated readers. Rich digital library resources and convenient utilization strategies make the utilization rate of electronic reading room climb all the way. Compared with the commercial Internet cafes in the market, the electronic reading room of the library is relatively spacious and the seats are arranged neatly, which has unique advantages, but on the other hand, there are some reasons to meet the hard indicators.
2. Students' awareness of fire safety
In this paper, 274 students were randomly selected to conduct a questionnaire survey, and 272 valid answers were obtained. The findings are as follows:
⑴ ? Did you notice the location of emergency exits and exits when you entered the library? Feedback shows that about 65% of the respondents choose? Attention, know its location? ; About 3 1% respondents choose? I noticed, but I don't understand the location? ; About 4% of the respondents choose? Didn't notice, didn't expect? .
The results show that most students are more concerned about and understand the emergency passage and safety exit of the library; But 30% of the students are concerned, but for various reasons, they don't understand. Therefore, the library should strengthen the instructions of emergency passage and safety exit, and set up more indication signs in eye-catching positions; There are 6% students who don't even want to pay attention to emergency exits and exits. In case of fire and other accidents, self-help is the fastest and most effective strategy to get out of danger smoothly. It seems that it is not enough for library staff to master fire safety knowledge. Students and teachers should also strengthen the study of fire safety knowledge, so that they have enough fire awareness.
⑵ ? Can you use a fire extinguisher? The feedback shows that about 35% of the respondents will use it; About 37% of the respondents don't know if they will use it; Even about 28% of the respondents chose? No? .
The results show that more than half of the students don't know whether they can use a fire extinguisher. It is enough to see the lack of fire safety knowledge of students.
⑶ ? How do you deal with disasters like fire? Feedback shows that about 65% of the respondents managed to escape. About 29% of the respondents are waiting for rescue; Even about 6% of the respondents chose? Not clear? .
The results show that most students take the initiative to escape from the self-help strategy, but nearly 29% students choose to wait for others; 6% students don't know what to do when they are in danger. There is a good chance that they will follow the dangerous crowd. For most students who strongly choose to escape, it is necessary for the school to conduct emergency evacuation drills; For students who like waiting for rescue, it is very important to strengthen the rescue facilities in the library.
3. Strategies and measures
① Strengthen the management of combustible materials to prevent combustible materials from being ignited or spontaneously ignited.
(2) Try to avoid using high-power electric heaters. If used, use it correctly, check and maintain it regularly, and be careful not to use it continuously for a long time to avoid overheating.
③ Try to keep all safety exits and emergency passages unblocked. Buy precious time for people to evacuate quickly in the disaster.
④ The computers in the electronic reading room of the library should be arranged separately, and the seats should not be arranged too closely.
⑤ Indicating signs should be installed in high places as far as possible, and should be installed in eye-catching places. Ensure that the indicating signs remain bright in case of fire and other accidents.
⑥ At the entrance, post the obvious layout of the library and the location of the emergency passage; In corridors, stairs, etc. Clear and effective arrow marks are revealed.
⑦ The school offers courses such as fire safety knowledge and escape knowledge in distress, and conducts emergency evacuation drills to comprehensively improve the fire awareness and self-help ability of teachers and students.