1. 1 Introduction 1

1.2 raw material preparation 2

1.3 raw material crushing 3

1.4 raw material grinding 3

1.5 classifier 4

1.6 Homogenization 5

1.7 clinker firing 7

1.8 cooler 13

Grinding of 1.9 cement 15

1. 10 automation 17

1. 1 1 environmental protection 18

Thank you 20

1. 13 reference 2 1

Chapter II Phase Composition of Cement 23

2. 1 Introduction 23

2.2 Single oxide, each component and its potential role in cement chemistry 25

Calcium silicate (CxSy)27

2.4 Properties of aluminum silicate and calcium aluminum silicate and their phenomena in cement 3 1

2.5 calcium aluminate 3 1

2.6 calcium iron aluminate 33

2.7 the influence of trace components (alone or in combination)-alkali, MgO, SO3, phosphate,

Fluoride, borate, chlorine, titanium and heavy metals 34

2.8 increase MgO content 35

2.9 Sulfate-containing Phase 35

2. 10 chlorine-containing phase 36

2. 1 1 Phosphate 37 in cement

2. 12 Heavy metals in cement 38

2. 13 elements as flux (boron and fluorine) 39

2. 14 quantification of cementing materials by Rietveld method 39.

Thank you 40

2. 16 Reference 40

Chapter 3 Hydration of Portland cement 45

3. 1 Introduction 45

3.2 Hydration of tricalcium silicate 45

3.3 Hydration of Dicalcium Silicate 63

3.4 Hydration of tricalcium aluminate 66

3.5 Hydration of Ferrite Phase 7 1

3.6 Portland cement hydration 73

3.7 Microstructure of Hardened Slurry 83

3.8 Appendix-Glossary 89

3.9 References 90

The fourth chapter calcium aluminate cement 94

4. 1 Introduction 94

4.2 Production 95

4.3 Phase Composition 97

4.4 Physical characteristics 97

4.5 Hydration 98

4.6 additives 103

4.7 Mixing with other materials 103

4.8 Low temperature application 105

4.9 High Temperature Application 106

4. Application of10 hydrophobicity

4. 1 1 durability 107

4. 12 Safe use of CAC 109

4. 13 Report of British Concrete Association CACs 1 12

4. 14 CAC and various structures 1 13

4. 15 Further comments on sulfate resistance 1 13

4. 16 Thermal analysis method for evaluating CAC crystal transformation 1 14

4. 17 Further comments 1 15

4. 18 conclusion

4. 19 Thank you 1 16

4.20 References 1 17

Chapter 5 Performance of Concrete with Mineral and Chemical Admixtures 1 19

5. 1 Introduction 1 19

5.2 cementitious materials 120

5.3 Correlation between cement performance and concrete 12 1

5.4 hydration of cementitious materials 122

5.5 superplasticizer 128

5.6 ITZ132

5.7 Durability 139

5.8 Engineering Nature 143

5.9 Need to develop long-term test methods 152

5. 10 concluding comments 152

5. 1 1 thank you 153

5. 12 reference 153

Chapter VI Special Cement 158

6. 1 Introduction 158

6.2 Review and previous definitions 158

6.3 Power to develop special cement 160

6.4 Cement for building engineering with the potential of improving durability 160

6.5 Cement Formula for Improving Engineering Performance 175

6.6 Environmentally friendly gelled products 185

6.7 The simultaneous output of energy and cement is 19 1

6.8 high energy-saving cement 192

6.9 all kinds of hydraulic cement and chemical cement 196

6. 10 conclusion 196

References 197

Chapter VII Development of Oil Well Cement 20 1

7. 1 Introduction 20 1

7.2 ISO grade and type 20 1

7.3 Relevant ISO standard 203

7.4 Introduction to ISO Cementing Standard 203

7.5 Influence of Different Conditions 204

Other interesting phenomena of 7.6 G and H grade cement 205

7.7 Cementing in Severe Conditions 206

7.8 Cement for Certain Well Types 207

7.9 Options other than standard grade G and H cement 209

7. 10 Conclusion 2 13

thank you

7. 12 quotes 2 13

Chapter 8 Gypsum in Cement 2 15

8. 1 Introduction 2 15

8.2 calcium sulfate? Water system 2 15

8.3 the role of gypsum in setting adjustment of portland cement-based system 17

8.4 gypsum quality 2 19

8.5 By-product gypsum 220

8.6 Flash coagulation 22 1

8.7 False coagulation 22 1

8.8 Gas Solidification 222

8.9 Portland cement? Calcium aluminate cement composite material 223

8. 10 calcium sulphoaluminate cement 223

8. 1 1 conclusion

8. 12 Reference 225

Chapter 9 Alkali in Concrete? Silicon reaction (ASR)226

9. 1 Introduction 226

9.2 Reaction Process 226

9.3 expansion mechanism 227

9.4 Affected concrete 227

9.5 Visible cracks and internal cracks caused by ASR 228

9.6 unhealthy life 229

9.7 Source of Alkali 23 1

9.8 Active silica 232

9.9 Diagnosing ASR as the Cause of Visible Crack232

9. 10 factors affecting expansion 233

General comment no 239

9. 12 Reference 239

Chapter 10 Delayed generation of ettringite (DEF)

10. 1 introduction 24 1

10.2 DEF24 1

10.3 coarse microstructure of materials destroyed by DEF 242

10.4 macro performance related to DEF 242

10.5 the role of cement composition 243

Hydration of cement at 10.6 70- 100℃ 243

10.7 chemical changes after cooling to room temperature 245

10.8 Microstructure of Netpulp in High Temperature Curing Materials 246

10.9 extension 247

Conclusion 25 1

Thanks 25 1

10. 12 quotes 25 1

Chapter 1 1 Chloride Corrosion in Gelling System 254

1 1. 1 Introduction 254

1 1.2 chloride diffusion in 2524 cement slurry

1 1.3 256 Binding Energy of Chloride Ion in Cement Paste

1 1.4 257 Influencing factors of chloride ion diffusion in cement paste

On the failure mechanism of cement paste in 1 1.5 chloride medium50000.00000000015

Corrosion of reinforcement caused by chloride in concrete 265

1 1.7 reference 266

Chapter 12 Blast Furnace Cement 268

12. 1

12.2 composition and activity of slag 269

12.3 abrasiveness 27 1

12.4 characteristics of blast furnace cement 27 1

Durability 276

12.6 Reference 280

Chapter 13 properties and application of natural volcanic ash 282

13. 1 Introduction

13.2 classification of natural volcanic ash 282

13.3 volcanic ash? Lime mixture 285

13.4 cement containing volcanic ash 292

Conclusion 302

13.6 Reference 302

Chapter 14 Powdered fuel ash (PFA)306 as cement supplement

1 Introduction 306

14.2 PFA formation 307

Characteristics of 14.3 PFA 308

14.4 PFA's influence on the performance of supplementary system 3 1 1

14.5 Reference 320

Chapter 15 metakaolin: pozzolanic mixture of concrete 322

1 Introduction 322

Structure of 15.2 metakaolin (mk) 323

Pozzolanic reaction of 15.3 mK 324

Effect of 15.4 mK on basic properties of PC concrete 327

Effect of 15.5 mK on the properties of 330 concrete without curing

Effect of 15.6 mK on properties of 333 hardened concrete

15.7 mK durability of concrete 337

15.8 metakaolin in engineering concrete

Thank you 342

15. 10

Chapter 16 concentrated silicon powder as a supplement to 346 cement

1 Introduction 346

Body action 346

16.3 chemical action

Conclusion 353

16.5 Reference 354

Microstructure of 17 cement-based composites 355

1 Introduction 355

17.2 development of cement composite material 357

Design of 17.3 Micro-mold

17.4 mold manufacturing 358

Application of 17.5 MSCCD 360

Making 17.6 MSCCD 36 1

17.7 quality of msccd surface 362

Conclusion no 364

Thank you 364

17. 10

Chapter 18 X-ray powder diffraction analysis of cement 366

1 Introduction 366

X-ray diffraction in 18.2 cement 367

Qualitative analysis of 18.3 cement 368

18.4 x-ray diffraction method 368

18.5 physical factors affecting XRD quantitative analysis 37 1

Selection of radiation target in XRD study of 18.6 cement

18.7 amorphous substance (non-diffracting substance) content 373

18.8 background intensity 375

Rietveld correction of XRD pattern of 18.9 OPC 375

Revision strategy of RietveldXRD identification of 18. 10 cement 379

18. 1 1 error in Rietveld quantitative 380

18.65438+

Quantitative analysis of hydration stage 380

18. 14 recent research on practical cement 382 by Rietveld

18. 15

18. 16

Chapter 19 Electrical Monitoring Method for Cement Specialty 387

Introduction to 19. 1 387

19.2 forms of immittance 387

19.3 application of electrical measurement

Conclusion 397

Thank you 397

19.6 Reference 397

Chapter 20 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy and Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Cement and Cement-based Materials 400

20. 1 Introduction 400

20.2 solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance method 40 1

20.3 Structure and adhesion of cement minerals 405

20.4 Proton Relaxation and Pore Structure 409

20.5 Other nuclides 4 10

20.6 magnetic vibration imaging 4 10

20.7 Reference 4 13

Chapter 2 1 Application of Synchrotron Radiation Light Source in Cement Materials Research (2 17)

2 1. 1 Introduction 4 17

2 1.2 synchrotron +07

2 1.3 high quality/high resolution powder diffraction 4 19

2 1.4 single crystal micro diffraction 422

2 1.5 energy dispersive powder diffraction 422

2 1.6 Extended X-ray absorption fine structure 43 1

21.7 x-ray microscopy technique 432

2 1.8 fault energy dispersion diffraction imaging 433

2 1.9 conclusion 435

2 1. 10 Thank you 435

2 1. 1 1 Reference 435

Chapter 22 Electron Microscopy Technology of Cement 437

22. 1 overview 437

22.2 historical process 444

22.3 electron microscope 447

22.4 transmission electron microscope of cement 450

22.5 High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscope in Cement Hydration Stage 457

22.6 scanning electron microscope technology of cement 459

22.7 cement low temperature and environmental electron microscope technology 467

22.8 analytical electron microscope using x-rays 468

22.9 analytical transmission electron microscope (TEM? EDX/ Il) 470

22. Electron microscope technology of10 cement. 36866.68668686666

Reference 476

Index 488