Hugo Varherikaalto1898 ~1976 is a Finnish architect and furniture designer. Aalto believes that industrialization and standardization must serve people's lives and meet people's spiritual requirements. He is an advocate of humanized architecture theory.
Representative works include Toulon-Sanomat Building, Viipuri City Library, Finland Pavilion of Paris World Expo and other buildings.
Chinese name: Aalto
Hugo Gerica Aalto
Nationality: Finland
Place of birth: Ku Holtein
Date of birth:1February 3, 898.
Date of death: 1976
Occupation: famous architect, furniture designer.
Graduate school: Helsinki Institute of Technology.
Main achievements: royal institute of british architects Gold Award.
American Institute of Architects Gold Award
Representative works: Erxin Cabbage Leaf Restaurant (RavintolaSavoy)
brief introduction
1898 was born in Holtein, Ku, and1976+0/kloc-0 died in Helsinki on May 3,. 192 1 graduated from Helsinki institute of technology, majoring in architecture. Since 1923, architectural firms have been established in Yuvesquele and Turku, Finland. 1928 Join the International Association of Modern Architecture. 1929, according to the emerging functionalist architectural thought, the architecture of the exhibition held to commemorate the 700th anniversary of the founding of Turku was designed in cooperation with others. He abandoned all the decorations in the traditional style, which led to the first appearance of modernist architecture in Finland and promoted the development of modern architecture in Finland. Before 10 after World War II, Aalto mainly engaged in the restoration and construction of the motherland, and made regional planning for the capital of Lapland province. Aalto 1940 was a visiting professor at MIT, 1947 was an honorary doctor of fine arts at Princeton University, and 1955 was an academician of the Finnish Academy of Sciences. 1957 won the gold medal of the Royal Institute of Architects, and 1963 won the gold medal of the American Institute of Architects. Aalto's main creative thought is to explore the road of nationalization and humanization of modern architecture. He believes that industrialization and standardization must serve people's lives and meet people's spiritual requirements. Aalto's creation covers a wide range, from regional planning and urban planning to the design of municipal centers, from civil buildings to industrial buildings, from interior decoration to the design of furniture, lamps and daily industrial products.
Characteristics of works
Aalto is a famous industrial designer and architect in Finland. 1916-1921studied architecture at Lindegger Military Academy and Helsinki University of Technology. During the period 192 1- 1925, he was engaged in architecture, planning, interior design, furniture, lamps, dyeing and weaving, glass and exhibition design in Sweden and Finland. 1946- 1948, professor of architecture at MIT. 1955 became an academician of the Finnish Academy of Sciences. Since 1957, it has successively won architectural gold medals in Britain, France, the United States, Sweden, Mexico and Italy. Aalto's design thought is influenced by Nordic neoclassicism, but his works are not the reappearance of the old form, but are based on local materials and combined with modern industrial spirit and Baltic tradition to innovate. What is particularly original is that he made light, comfortable and compact modern furniture with thin and hard plywood that can be formed by hot bending, and became an internationally renowned Finnish product. 1947, he proposed a y-shaped three-legged stool, which changed the four-legged mode and was a breakthrough in traditional furniture. On the glass products, he also adopted an organic form of modeling, which made his product design have a warm and humanistic mood.
As for the so-called function in modern design, he thinks it is mainly from the technical point of view, and he emphasizes the economy of production. Relatively speaking, the latest topic of modern design is "how to make reasonable methods break through the technical category and enter the humanities and psychology fields". Aalto's "soft" treatment in industrial design reveals the basic characteristics of "organic modernism" in the 1950s.
all one's life
Albarral Tuo (alvar aalto, 1898 ~ 1976)
Introduction to alvar aalto:
Alvar aalto (1898~ 1976) is a modern Finnish architect, an advocate of humanized architecture theory, and also a master designer and artist.
national style
Finland, located in northern Europe, is rich in wood, and its copper production ranks first in Europe. The exterior decoration and interior decoration of the building designed by Aalto all reflect the characteristics of wood; Copper is used for decoration to show delicate details. The architectural style is calm and atmospheric, the structure is mostly thick brick walls, and the doors and windows are properly set. His works are neither grandiose nor luxurious, nor follow the European and American fashions, creating a unique national style and distinctive personality. In Helsinki, Finland, Aalto's representative works abound, including the campus of Helsinki University of Technology, Finland's concert hall and conference center, Helsinki Cultural Palace, StoraEnso's headquarters building and so on.
Conciseness and practicality are the characteristics of Finnish design, and ingenuity is the essence of Finnish design. Finns are particularly good at using natural resources to achieve design goals. Albarral Toto pioneered a new way of furniture design, and in the 1930s, he founded the technology of "flexible wood", which skillfully shaped birch into smooth curves. Aalto glued several layers of veneers together and then molded them into plywood. These experiments created the most innovative chairs at that time.
1936, alvar aalto designed a vase for RavintolaSavoy, who was in charge of interior decoration design, as one of the decorations, which was a classic glass product named after him later. It not only showed the level of Finnish modern design at the Paris International Expo in 1937, but also became the collection of many museums around the world, and won the International Tableware Award in 1968. Its design interest comes from the random and organic wave curve outline, which completely breaks the traditional design standard of symmetrical glassware. It is speculated that the outline of the wave curve symbolizes the dotted lakes in Finland. This is a classic masterpiece left by genius design master Aalto for glassware manufacturing outside the building. Aalto vase is "antique" in terms of age, but it is still very advanced and modern in terms of design.
artistic style
Alvar aalto, born in Finland, is the first generation modernist architect who is as famous as Gropius, Wright, Corbusier and Mies.
He advocated humanized architecture all his life, and advocated that everything should start from the user's point of view, followed by the architect's personal thoughts. His architecture is a combination of rationality and romance, giving people a cordial and warm feeling, rather than a machine product in the big industrial era. He is also a patriotic architect. He integrated the local geographical and cultural features of Finland into his own architecture, forming a unique modern Finnish architecture.
During his life, he created many classic works, from Pameo sanatorium to Voxeneska Church, from Baker Dormitory to the planning of downtown rovaniemi, from Villa Maria to the university complex in Westley. These works are all over Finland and the world, which are beyond the reach of many architects. At the same time, the furniture and glass products designed by Aalto are equally excellent, which guided the trend of the times at that time and sold well to this day. The famous Artek furniture company was founded by him and his friends.
Aalto's personality is so distinct that it is difficult for future generations to imitate him, which is also the difference between him and other architects. However, it is undeniable that he has made great contributions to the development of modern architecture and influenced generations of architects. His foundation established the alvar aalto Prize to inspire a new generation of architects to achieve better results.
Art course
Albarral Toto is one of the important founders of modern architecture and a representative of modern urban planning and industrial product design. His reputation in the world is comparable to that of the four masters, and he has made breakthroughs in the relationship between architecture and environment, the relationship between architectural forms and people's psychological feelings, etc. He is an important master in the history of modern architecture.
Finnish modern architect and advocate of humanistic architectural theory. 1898 was born in Ku Ortane on February 3rd, and graduated from Helsinki Institute of Technology with a major in architecture in 0. Since 1923, architectural firms have been established in Yuvesquele and Turku, Finland. 1928 Join the International Association of Modern Architecture. 1929, according to the emerging functionalist architectural ideas, the city in memory of Turku was designed in cooperation with others.
700th anniversary of the exhibition. He abandoned all the decorations in the traditional style, which led to the first appearance of modernist architecture in Finland and promoted the development of modern architecture in Finland.
1924, he designed several cafes and student centers for the school, and designed complete sets of dormitory furniture for students, mainly adopting the "neoclassical" design style. In the same year, he married designer Aino Marciaux and conducted five years of wood bending experiments, which led to the revolutionary design of alvar aalto in 1930s.
193 1~ 1932, Aalto designed Paimio tuberculosis sanatorium in Finland, and his original modern furniture also appeared here, which is a greater breakthrough for Aalto's furniture design to go global. 1935, Alto and his wife founded Artek Company with friends, and promoted the furniture, lighting and textiles designed by Alto overseas.
Design career
Aalto set foot in architectural design from 192 1 until 1976, with a design career of 55 years. During this period, he designed nearly 100 sets of independent single-family houses, more than half of which were adopted. From the beginning, Aalto tried to realize an ideal in residential design, that is, to provide a better living environment for everyone equally. He thinks this is his responsibility as an architect, which shows his deep desire for social change. Aalto once said: "Architecture can't save the world, but it can set a good example for people."
philosophy
In 1957, Aalto clearly stated his philosophy: "Building a paradise is a potential motive of architectural design, and this concept will constantly emerge from every corner. This is our only purpose in designing buildings. If we can't stick to this idea all the time, our buildings will be humble and worthless, but our lives will be rich. However, what's the point of this rich life? Every architectural work is a symbol, which shows the world our ambition to build a paradise for all ordinary people in the world. "
House design
Although the design of independent single-family houses is only a part of Aalto's many wonderful design achievements, people can clearly see the basic context and evolution of Aalto's architectural design from the 1920s to the 1970s, and at the same time appreciate his personal style. These private houses are closely connected with the surrounding environment. This shows his consistent design direction, that is, the external space is the continuation of the internal space.
idea
The concept of natural reproduction appears repeatedly in Aalto's design. Before the concept of ecology appeared, Aalto had already embodied the idea of ecological architecture in his architectural design. In 1940, he wrote: "The world created by architects should be a harmonious world, and he tried to weave the past and future of life together with silk thread. The most basic warp and weft used for weaving is the complex emotional line of people and the natural line including people. "
Creative thinking
Explore the road of nationalization and humanization of modern architecture. He believes that industrialization and standardization must serve people's lives and meet people's spiritual requirements. He said: "Standardization does not mean that all houses are the same, but mainly as a means to produce flexible systems to meet the needs of various families for different houses, different terrains, different orientations and different scenery." The architectural plane he designed is flexible, easy to use, the structural components are skillfully transformed into exquisite decorations, the architectural modeling is elegant, the space is free and lively, and it is dynamic, which makes people feel that space is not just a simple cycle, but constantly extends, grows and changes. Aalto loves nature, and his buildings always make the best use of natural terrain, blend beautiful scenery and have simple style.
Finland, located in northern Europe, is rich in wood, and its copper production ranks first in Europe. The exterior decoration and interior decoration of the building designed by Aalto all reflect the characteristics of wood; Copper is used for decoration to show delicate details. The architectural style is calm and atmospheric, the structure is mostly thick brick walls, and the doors and windows are properly set. His works are neither grandiose nor luxurious, nor follow the European and American fashions, creating a unique national style and distinctive personality.
Creative scope
Aalto's creation covers a wide range, from regional planning and urban planning to the design of municipal centers, from civil buildings to industrial buildings, from interior decoration to the design of furniture, lamps and daily handicrafts. According to the development of Aalto's architectural thought and the characteristics of his works, his creative process can be roughly divided into three stages.
Creation period
The first white period
1923 ~ 1944, the works are simple in appearance, mostly white, and sometimes painted with strong colors on balcony railings; Sometimes the exterior of the building is decorated with local specialty wood, and the interior is free-form. As a representative of Viipuri Library (VIIPURI)
Library 1927 ~ 1935) and Paimio tuberculosis sanatorium1929 ~1933).
Red period
From 1945 to 1953, the creation has reached a mature stage. In the meantime, he likes to compare natural materials and exquisite artificial parts. The exterior of buildings is often made of red bricks with various shapes. He is also good at using topography and primitive plants. Interior design emphasizes light and shadow effect and abstract visual sense. The representative is the municipal center of Sanat Cerro, Finland (1950 ~ 1952).
And Baker Building, MIT Student Dormitory (1946 ~ 1949).
The second white period
From 1953 to 1976, the buildings in this period returned to the pure state of white. The space of the work is rich in variety, which develops the concept of continuous space.
Morphological composition not only attaches importance to material functional factors, but also attaches importance to artistic effects. The representatives are the municipal government center in Shanna Joki, Finland (built in 1950 ~ 1952), Imatra City Church, Kare House, Wolfsburg Cultural Center (built in 1958 ~ 1962), Auditorium of Otanimi Technical College and Finland Asia Conference Hall in Helsinki. A design by Aalto) Woxen Ska Church near Imatra (1956 ~ 1958), Wolsvagen Cultural Center in Wolfsburg, Federal Republic of Germany (1958 ~ 1962) and high-rise apartment buildings in Bremen (1952).
representative works
Toulon-sanomat building
Viipuri Municipal Library
Finland Pavilion of Paris World Expo
Massachusetts institute of technology dormitory
Pamio chair
Viipuri chair (L-shaped leg chair)
Fan leg chair
"Brussels sprouts" vase