Zheng Zhenduo (1898- 1958) was an outstanding patriot and social activist in modern China, as well as a famous writer, literary critic, literary historian, translator, art historian and collector at home and abroad. Originally from Changle County, Fujian Province. But he was born in Yongjia County, Zhejiang Province (now Wenzhou City). Has he ever been back to his hometown? What is his relationship with his hometown? What are the manifestations and influences of his homesickness in his life and creation? Because he led a cultural delegation from China to visit abroad in June1958+1October 17, he died in a plane crash the next day, but he didn't talk about it one by one. Like many readers, we are interested in these problems, so we explore them.
I went back to my hometown when I was young.
First of all, we want to explore whether Zheng Zhenduo returned to his hometown in his youth. Although Zheng Zhenduo grew up in Wenzhou and went to Beijing for further study, and went to Shanghai after graduating from Railway Management School, and worked in the Commercial Press for a long time, he still kept close contact with his relatives in his hometown and returned to his hometown. In a letter to Qi Ming (Zhou Zuoren) in June1921015, Mao Dun mentioned that "Zhen Duo went back to his hometown to bury his ancestors" (see Mao Dun's Letters, published by Culture and Art Publishing House 1988). According to the research of Zheng Zhenduo research expert Dr. Chen Fukang, it took more than a month for his ancestors to be buried in Changle via Fuzhou. The "returning home to bury the ancestors" here naturally returned to the hometown of Changle Shouzhan Village. 1995 In early winter, Shouzhan Village in Changle collected relevant cultural relics in memory of Zheng Zhenduo, and collected a precious material-Shouzhan Zheng's incomplete Obituary. On a piece of octo paper, we can also see 36 names * * *, including the words "I brought my nephew, great-grandson Zhenduo". According to patriarch Zheng's memory, many plaques and introductions reflecting the deeds of Zheng Xianzu were hung in the first battle of the year, and the family motto of "Shi Pei's faithfulness" written by Zheng Shiwei (1503- 1584), a famous minister of Jiajing in Ming Dynasty, hung in the middle ... Therefore, although he lived, studied and worked in a foreign land for a long time, he always cared and loved his hometown.
Heart to heart with people in my hometown.
19 19 The news of the May 4th Movement reached Fujian, which had a great impact. In Fuzhou, students from different schools gathered twice to support the patriotic movement of Beijing students and mourn Guo Qinguang, a Fujian student from Peking University who was killed by reactionary military police. In Xiamen, young students held rallies and demonstrations, which later developed into a national assembly attended by people from all walks of life, angrily condemning the crimes of the warlord government and Japanese imperialism. The May 4th fire broke out in Bamin. However, Japanese imperialism sent warships to Xiamen and Fuzhou successively to carry out armed threats, and even shot at them in Fuzhou. After hearing the news in Beijing, Zheng Zhenduo took an active part in organizing the Beijing Fujian Students' Anti-Japanese Federation and became one of its leaders. He participated in the compilation and publication of "Popular Tide", ran around, waved flags and shouted for supporting the anti-imperialist patriotic movement in his hometown, and always kept in touch with the people in his hometown. Bing Xin, a famous writer, was originally from Changle, Fujian. At that time, she was studying preparatory courses at Peking Union Medical College Women's University. It was in this solidarity activity that she got to know Zheng Zhenduo. After 60 years, Bing Xin is still deeply impressed by his passionate speech about patriotism and hometown.
Warmly receive hometown classmates
Although Zheng Zhenduo has worked in Beijing and Shanghai for a long time, he always warmly receives visitors from his hometown and carefully understands the situation in his hometown. Historically, Changle was under the jurisdiction of Fuzhou government, so conceptually, the scope of hometown is naturally relatively large. 1939 in the summer vacation, a literary youth in Fuzhou, Chen Honghai, a senior three student in Sanshan Middle School (a member of Qingqing Literature and Art Society), heard that the College of Literature was chaired by Dean Zheng Zhenduo, and wanted to leapfrog to the College of Literature of Jinan University. Introduced by Yu Dafu (1886- 1945), a famous writer who worked in Fuzhou at that time, he went to Shanghai to visit Zheng Zhenduo and was warmly received by him. After reading the letter of introduction, Zheng Zhenduo first learned about Yu Dafu's recent situation in Fuzhou, and then asked in detail: What did Chen Yi (1886- 1949) do in charge of the Fujian provincial government? What achievements has Zheng (189 1- 1969), director of the provincial education department, made in governance education? Because Zheng was carrying out educational reform in this province at that time, provincial and county schools stopped replacing teachers and principals. He read some reports in the newspaper. Thinking that "Zheng shared Zheng's difficulties", he asked with special concern: What is the performance of Japanese imperialism in Fuzhou, the progress of Fuzhou's construction and cultural undertakings, the number of unemployed people in his hometown, and the living conditions of the people? ..... After introducing the relevant situation, Chen Honghai said with emotion: "Probably in 1780, Fujian people were the most optimistic!" Finally, Zheng Zhenduo said that he had seen Chen Honghai's works in a literary magazine published in Fujian and had a good impression on him. Of course, young artists from more than one hometown have visited Zheng Zhenduo. Mr. Huang Junlin also talked about the cordial reception and care he received from this "Datong Township" during his study in yenching university and his teaching in Shanghai in the article "Remembering Xi Di Zheng Shi" (Hua Rong 198 1 Phase I). These examples show that although Zheng Zhenduo didn't go to Fuzhou at that time, he knew something about the situation in his hometown and paid great attention to it. Of course, there are many channels for him to know his hometown.
Don't forget your hometown and have a strong nostalgia.
Zheng Zhenduo does not forget his ancestral homeland, which is also reflected in his homesickness. He always publicly shows that he is from Changle, Fujian, and sometimes writes books and compiles them, and he also specially signs the word "Changle". For example, at the end of Epilogue of Early Collection of Zaju in Qing Dynasty, he signed "Epilogue of Zheng Zhenduo in Changle printed on March 23rd 193 1 year". One of his titles is Changle Zheng Chuanqi. Changle Zheng Zhenduo Xidi Collection. One day before his death 10, in his "last words", he also said, "I was from Fujian and grew up in Wenzhou."
Although Zheng Zhenduo grew up in Wenzhou, he can speak Fuzhou dialect because of his family's living environment. His daily conversation with his family is in Fuzhou dialect. In the winter of 193 1, Zheng Zhenduo mentioned something about his meeting with Hu Yepin in Shanghai (1903- 193 1) in the article "In memory of a few friends who died this year" (the first issue of volume 2 of Tsinghua University Literature Monthly). I am often moved by his unfamiliar Fuzhou dialect. Although I grew up in a foreign country, I seem to be better at talking about the local countryside than him. " That is to say, although the two of them have been walking for a long time, Zheng Zhenduo's Fuzhou dialect is better than Hu's. In terms of food hobbies, Zheng Zhenduo also retains the characteristics of his hometown, and entertains relatives and friends with Fujian cuisine with rich flavor in his hometown. Obviously, Zheng Zhenduo is proud of it. He gave a banquet in honor of Lu Xun, Bing Xin and others. During the dinner, he ate Fujian dishes cooked by his mother. Zheng Zhenduo also likes the daffodils in Fujian, and once gave them to Lu Xun from his hometown.
Homesickness is revealed in the works.
From Zheng Zhenduo's literary works, we can also feel his deep affection for his hometown. From 65438 to 0926, when Zheng Zhenduo spent his summer vacation in Moganshan, he wrote the essay "Words on a Moonlit Night", which naturally revealed his love and appreciation of Fuzhou folk songs through the whisper of enjoying the cool under the moonlight. Mr. Gao introduced three Fuzhou folk songs to him. He copied them down one by one, translated them into Mandarin, explained them and introduced them to readers through his own works. Indeed, Fuzhou folk songs like True Birds are "incomprehensible to non-Fuzhou people", and Zheng Zhenduo can translate the original meaning because he knows Fuzhou dialect.
1April, 927 12, Chiang Kai-shek betrayed the revolution and massacred production workers, peasants and revolutionary intellectuals. Zheng Zhenduo was forced to go to Europe. He captured a fragment of his life on his way to Europe and wrote Haiyan. Based on his understanding of his hometown, he described his hometown in a nuanced way in a scene full of events and spring. The lovely little swallow who came back from the south flew sideways at will, and when she was tired of flying, she returned to her old nest a year ago. He wrote: "Swallow came back to find the old base", "This is the little swallow in our hometown, a lovely and lively little swallow." On the sea road of "thousands of miles away from home and thousands of miles away from home", "unexpectedly, we saw our little swallow" He sincerely expressed the wandering wanderer's yearning for his motherland and hometown.
To sum up, Zheng Zhenduo has been in a foreign land for a long time, but he has been able to maintain his local accent. He has always maintained the characteristics of Fuzhou in life, diet and hobbies, and even reflected it in his works, not only because he accepted the influence from his family elders, but also because of his frequent contact with cultural figures in central Fujian. It is worth mentioning that in May of 192 1, he was highly appreciated by the director of the Compilation Institute of the Commercial Press, and married his youngest daughter Gao Junzhen (Yunhua) in 1923, and their feelings were very harmonious. Gao (1870- 1936), formerly known as Chongyou, was born in Changle, Fujian. He left his hometown at the age of 26. His hometown is Longmen Township, which is the first place apart from Zheng's ancestral home. In this way, it is natural that the Zheng Zhenduo family still maintains some characteristics of their hometown. But his high knowledge and familiarity with the folk literature, dialects and customs in central Fujian also taught Zheng Zhenduo many lessons.
The trip to Fuzhou gained a lot.
After the founding of New China, Zheng Zhenduo returned to Fujian. 1in the spring of 954, during his tenure in the Ministry of Culture, he participated in the "National People's Consolation Delegation to the People's Liberation Army" and arrived in Fuzhou on February 27th to express condolences to the frontline troops stationed in Fujian. In more than a month's time, as one of the representatives of the General Consolation Mission, he made a speech at a front-line meeting and made a report of condolences to the garrison, vividly expounding the brilliant achievements made by the motherland in all aspects of construction under the illumination of the general line in the past four years with concrete facts, which greatly inspired the commanders and soldiers; He and the delegates went through mountains and seas, went deep into the front line of cordial condolences, and were warmly welcomed by the vast number of commanders and soldiers. During the period, he also had a discussion with people in the literary and art circles and made a visit. He was deeply impressed by the excellent development situation in Fujian. On March 4th, he wrote in a letter to his friend Liu Zhemin: "Fuzhou is very prosperous with many local products. Because of the inconvenient transportation, some things can't be transported outside for sale. Chopsticks like lacquerware are the best, but they are not first-class. The paper is also good and there are many fruits. They will be able to communicate greatly in the future. " The letter also mentioned that "I am very busy at work and have no time to write letters; But some stories should be written. I want to know when. After returning to Beijing, I have to be busy again. I am afraid it is even harder to write. " On April 1 day, he wrote in the letter: "I have gained a lot from more than one month of condolences, but I still have to write a few articles and am seriously drafting them; I wonder if I can write it well? " Indeed, he gained a lot from this trip. The mountains and rivers in his hometown and many vivid and touching stories left a deep impression on him and accumulated rich creative materials. However, due to his busy business after returning to Beijing, he was unable to write in time. From 65438 to 0957, he came to Fuzhou on business, and he paid attention to the collection of Liu Huameng, a talented woman in Fuzhou in the Qing Dynasty. This masterpiece, with 360 volumes and 4.83 million words, is four times longer than A Dream of Red Mansions. He personally consulted this book and suggested that it be collected by Fujian Provincial Department of Culture, Fujian Normal University Library and Fujian Provincial Library. Unfortunately, although Zheng Zhenduo is deeply attached to his native land, he still bears heavy responsibilities, busy work and numerous foreign cultural exchanges. Not only did he come to Fujian to mourn for more than a month, but he also paid attention to his official duties and never returned to Changle for the first time. 1957 failed to return home after coming to Rong!
Patriotism and love for hometown is a fine tradition of the Chinese nation. Facts show that Zheng Zhenduo has deep feelings for his hometown, but this nostalgia is not out of a narrow concept of hometown. Wherever he goes, he always takes an active part in the local patriotic movement. Whether in Wenzhou, Beijing or Shanghai, he always advocates new culture with local cultural figures and actively participates in the anti-imperialist struggle and the anti-Japanese national salvation movement. Although he can speak Fuzhou dialect, he speaks "Putonghua" when talking with Chen Honghai, a young literary artist visiting his hometown. In the mid-1930s, he advocated that "all intellectuals in China should speak Mandarin. If intellectuals continue to speak his dialect, Mandarin will never be popularized. " Obviously, although he loves his hometown, he always considers the whole and puts his love for his motherland first. And his selfless dedication to the motherland's early prosperity will always be worthy of future generations!
Zheng Zhenduo (1898— 1958) is a modern writer, literary critic, literary historian and archaeologist. Pen names Xidi, CT, Guo Yuanxin, etc. Originally from Changle, Fujian, he was born in Yongjia, Zhejiang. 19 17 entered Beijing Railway Management School. After the May 4th Movement broke out, he participated in social activities as a student representative, and founded New Society magazine with Qu Qiubai and others. 1920, 1 1 In June,, Ye and others initiated the establishment of a literary research society and edited and published a series of literary research societies. 1923 65438+ 10, he succeeded Shen Yanbing as the editor-in-chief of Novel Monthly, advocated realistic literature "for life" and put forward the literary proposition of "blood and tears". After the failure of the Great Revolution, he lived in Paris. 1929 returned to China. Once edited by Universal Library in Life Bookstore. After the outbreak of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, he participated in launching the "Shanghai Cultural Salvation Society" and founded Wang Jiu Daily. And published Complete Works of Lu Xun, History of the Party and Selected Works of Lenin. After the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, he joined the organization "China Association for the Promotion of Democracy" and founded "Democracy Weekly" to encourage the people of the whole country to strive for democracy and peace. After 1949, he served as director of the Cultural Relics Bureau, director of the Institute of Archaeology, director of the Institute of Literature, vice minister of the Ministry of Culture, and vice president of the China Folklore Research Association. He was killed in a plane crash while leading a cultural delegation from China to visit abroad. His main works include: Family Story, Going to Court, Miscellaneous Notes in the Mountains, Literature Outline, Illustrated Literature History of China, Popular Literature History of China, Essays on China Literature, A Brief History of Russian Literature, etc. There are "Collected Works of Zheng Zhenduo".