Classroom teaching design Ⅰ

First, the teaching objectives

(1) Understand that this narrative is characterized by integrating narration, discussion and lyricism, full of love and words.

(2) Learn to use writing skills such as primary and secondary cohesion, front and back care, and organize fragmentary materials into articles, so that articles are naturally tight and rigorous.

(3) Learn from the noble character of revolutionary martyrs, Mr. Lu Xun's clear feelings of love and hate, and the spirit of persisting in the struggle against the enemy and firmly believing that the revolution will win.

Second, the difficulties and key analysis

(1) How to divide the structure of this article?

The full text can be divided into five parts.

At the beginning of the first part, I wrote, "I have long wanted to write something to commemorate several young writers." I wanted to write earlier, but I didn't. It can be seen that the author has experienced a long period of emotional brewing and artistic conception creation. This article is written to awaken people's memory, "shake your body and get rid of sadness" and remember your comrades-in-arms with the struggle against the enemy.

Then write the time when five young writers were killed and the reaction of the newspaper at that time. It can lead students to think: ① In the first and fourth parts, the author mentioned twice that the time when five martyrs were killed (the night of February 7th or the morning of February 8th 193 1) was the same as the writing time at the end of the article. (a) highlight the despicable acts of reactionaries secretly killing revolutionaries; Secondly, Lu Xun often writes all night. (2) What were the three attitudes of the press at that time? ("Dare not carry" refers to a coward who wants to carry but is afraid to carry the enemy; "Unwilling" refers to being stupid, smart and self-protective, and afraid of causing trouble; "Disdain to pretend to be forced" refers to a reactionary and enterprising little reptile. ) Literary News vaguely published this matter in the article "Impression of White Mountain" written by Lin Mang, which shows that its fighting spirit under the white terror is commendable. The article leads to Bai Mang's memory-three meetings.

The second part first explains why the contributors were never invited to meet, and then turns to Rou Shi's memories. What is the purpose of this writing? It not only highlights their close friendship, but also shows the author's nostalgia for Rou Shi. ) When writing about Rou Shi's communication with the author, what personality characteristics does the article focus on Rou Shi? (Hint: "Taizhou-style car-scrapping" and "quite pedantic". The former refers to a strong and unyielding character, comparing Fang Xiaoru and Rou Shi to highlight their revolutionary firmness; the latter is pedantic, praising and liking derogatory terms, and giving a new explanation to simplicity, faithfulness, kindness, simplicity and insight. )

Recall that Rou Shi had a "flower party" with friends, borrowed money to run books, wrote chores, translated books and paid back money, and treated people well. What kind of personality does Rou Shi highlight? What are the outstanding qualities of Rou Shi highlighted by strong lyrical remarks and Rou Shi's "changing the content and form of works"? Judging from Rou Shi's recollection of Feng Keng, three "doubts" show Lu Xun's courage to blame himself. Writing about Feng Keng's "weak constitution but not beautiful" reflects his strong will and beautiful mind.

In the third part, only the word 134 is used to point out the relationship between Bai Mang, Rou Shi and the "Left-wing League" to emphasize the communication during the "Left-wing League" period, and "entrustment" and "confiscation" echo the end of the first part. From the arrest of two people to the following comments, five people were killed. The above three parts focus on the narrative of revolutionary friendship, which is the basis of lyric in the fourth and fifth parts.

The fourth part, the first section, the last encounter between the writer and Rou Shi. In the second section, when Rou Shi was arrested, the author could not restrain his extreme anger and inserted a comment: "The contract for printing books is clear, but I don't want to defend it in those unclear places." The function of this sentence can be considered from the shameless behavior and nature of the reactionaries persecuting revolutionary writers to the recall of the author's involvement and the discussion after the story of sitting on the ground in Yue Legend, and its function can be considered from the satire on the past and Lu Xun's thorough "tenacious" fighting spirit. In the third and fourth sections, the author dips in the pen of homesickness and quotes two letters written by Rou Shi in prison. (The first letter quoted the full text of Rou Shi's letter to fellow villagers in prison by directly quoting rhetoric. We can analyze his character from his work, study and comrades. The indirect reference to credit in the second book can be analyzed from the cruelty of the enemy's means. The use of two emotional question marks and ellipsis can explain the "reliability" of news from four aspects: people, time, place and events. "So that's it! ..... "a unique chapter, its function can be analyzed from two aspects of Lu Xun's love and hate. The article mentioned twice that "I feel heavy, I lost a good friend and China lost a good youth". This shows that Lu Xun's commemoration of the five martyrs is not only for personal feelings, but also for the future of the country. So, "I calmed down in grief and indignation, but my accumulated habits raised my head from silence", and I wrote a poem with deep pain, which concentrated on expressing the central idea of the text. Because of this, we can analyze the profound meaning of every sentence and couplet in this seven-rhythm poem, thus deepening our understanding of the author's sincere mourning for his comrades-in-arms and his contempt and anger for the enemy.

When Beidou was first published, Lu Xun chose Korwitz's woodcut Sacrifice. What is his intention? How to simply remember Li Weisen and Hu Yepin? What is the purpose of Bai Mang's poetry translation? (Hint: It embodies the noble quality of revolutionaries who sacrificed their lives for freedom. )

The fifth part starts with three "today" and three places in the past two years, which profoundly highlights the author's deep mourning mood and shows the author's attitude of always attacking. Now we know the passage in Xiangzi's "Thinking of Old Fu", which is "from beginning to end". The author aims at satirizing the present with the ancient and whipping the reality. How does the last paragraph of the article express the author's thoughts and feelings? What are the characteristics of writing? Expressing feelings can denounce the reactionaries, praise the martyrs, inspire the living, strengthen their beliefs and fight against the reactionaries for a long time. In order to win the final victory, we can consider the writing characteristics by using symbolic metaphor instead of argument and echo from beginning to end. )

It can be seen that this article is a lyrical prose with a strong love-hate relationship. It focuses on writing Bai Mang and Rou Shi, with time as the order and narrative as the main theme.

(2) How does this article express a strong lyrical color?

Analysis: This article is a prose poem with strong lyrical elements. The narration and discussion in the article are often combined with lyricism, and there is deep grief everywhere, which makes the article more memorable and more touching. For example, the first part recalls three encounters with Bai Mang, but in simple narrative discourse, mutual trust and care are revealed everywhere. While recalling the loss of Peter Fei's collection, he also expressed the author's hatred for reactionaries through a brief discussion of "Cast a Shadow on the Pearl" and "Not wronged". Another example is that in the fourth part, Rou Shi was killed together with 23 other people. After he was shot ten times in the body, these two paragraphs were filled with the author's grief and indignation, especially the seven-part "Accustomed to the Long Night in Spring", which was a high condensation of the author's passion.

(3) Guide students to think about how the full text is carefully arranged in the aspects of clue determination, paragraph cohesion, and echo from beginning to end.

Analysis: This article is a chronicle with rich contents. Not one person, but five people; Not one thing or a scene, but many trivial things. Nevertheless, the internal connection of the article is still very close.

First of all, the author takes his contacts, contacts and mourning with five martyrs as clues to organize scattered and isolated materials into a whole. The first part of the article is about Bai Mang, the second part is about Rou Shi, the third part is about the arrest of Bai Mang and Rou Shi together, the fourth part is about the arrest of five martyrs, the prison situation and the news of their murder, mainly about Rou Shi, and the fifth part expresses the author's grief and indignation, pointing out that the blood of martyrs will not flow in vain. The clue of the relationship between the author and the five martyrs runs through five parts.

Secondly, there are ingenious transitions and connections between the parts. For example, the first book was sent by Bai Mang, and the supplementary narrative was sent by Rou Shi, which led to the second book. Rou Shi and Feng Keng were introduced by Rou Shi. In the third part, I once again asked Rou Shi to send a book to Bai Mang, and then I went from the book to the "three heads" and so on to the fourth part to write that they were arrested and victimized together, and then I added Li Weisen and Hu Yepin. The front and back of the article are closely linked, naturally connected, and the context is clear.

Third, the sentence at the end repeatedly emphasizes and deepens the theme, and echoes the beginning of the first part, making the whole article a close whole.

Third, the teaching process design

(A) the introduction of new courses.

This touching mourning article written by Mr. Lu Xun is a monument to "China youth who died for China". In that article, Lu Xun enthusiastically praised the brave spirit of the martyrs, mercilessly exposed and angrily lashed imperialism, feudal warlords and their lackeys with sharp and fierce words, and strongly encouraged people to fight, pay their blood debts and destroy the "inhuman world". Everyone must remember this article. What's its name?

Today, we are studying another eulogy written by Mr. Lu Xun in memory of five young revolutionary writers, including Rou Shi and Bai Mang. In this eulogy, Lu Xun deeply cherished the glorious achievements of the martyrs, angrily accused the Kuomintang reactionaries of fascist atrocities, and showed Lu Xun's incomparable indignation and heroic struggle spirit. How did Lu Xun describe the brilliant achievements of the five martyrs? How to expose the fascist atrocities of Kuomintang reactionaries? Learn the text together with these questions and understand it deeply.

(2) Background introduction.

Please read the text notes (1), and then the teacher will supplement the relevant historical facts about the rage and heroic struggle of people at home and abroad, especially Mr. Lu Xun, after the five martyrs were secretly shot:

When Lu Xun learned the exact news of the sacrifice of five martyrs, he immediately recited the seven laws of "Accustomed to the Long Night in Spring", deeply mourning the revolutionary comrades who died under the enemy's butcher's knife and angrily exposing and accusing the dark rule of the Kuomintang reactionaries.

The atrocities of the Kuomintang reactionaries in killing martyrs aroused the anger of the broad masses of people at home and abroad. At that time, progressive writers from the Soviet Union, France, Germany, the United States, Britain, Japan and other countries, in the name of the "International League of Revolutionary Writers", published the "Declaration on the Massacre of Japanese Revolutionary Writers for the Kuomintang" to expose the crimes of Kuomintang reactionaries. The Kuomintang reactionaries blocked the news and kept the society from knowing their fascist atrocities. On April 25th, the Chinese Left-wing Writers' League broke through the blockade and secretly published the first issue of the first volume of Sentinel, in which the Declaration of the Chinese Left-wing Writers' League on the massacre of a large number of revolutionary writers by the Kuomintang and the book Revolutionary Literary and Cultural Groups in various countries and all writers and thinkers who worked hard for human progress were published. Lu Xun also published "Biography of Rou Shi" and "China proletarian revolutionary literature and its pioneers' bloodiness" in this special issue. In the second half, he called on people to "remember that the first page of the history of proletarian revolutionary literature in China was recorded with the blood of comrades, which will always show the meanness and cruelty of the enemy and inspire us to struggle constantly."

In May of that year, Lu Xun wrote "The Present Situation of Literature and Art in Dark China", which strongly criticized the heinous crimes of the Kuomintang reactionaries. At that time, many domestic newspapers were afraid to publish it, so Lu Xun entrusted Ms. Smedley, an American journalist in China at that time, to translate it into English and send it to the American progressive magazine New Volkswagen for publication. Smedley thought that this article would be unfavorable to Lu Xun after publication, but Lu Xun said: "These words must be said. Someone has to speak out in China! " In this way, Lu Xun publicly announced to the world the truth of the shooting of five martyrs.

In September, Beidou, one of the publications of the Left Alliance, was founded. Lu Xun chose a woodcut "Sacrifice" by German female printmaker Kolwitz as the cover, expressing his deep and implicit mourning for the martyrs.

1932, 1 1, the first anniversary of the martyr's sacrifice, and five months later, in July, Lu Xun presented the book "Accustomed to the Long Spring Night" written a year ago to Japanese singer Yamamoto Chuzhi. 1October 26th,1933,65438+Send this poem to Xu Shoushang to express his anger.

1On February 7-8, 933, on the second anniversary of the sacrifice of the Five Martyrs, Lu Xun wrote a eulogy in memory of forgetting. At this point, the publications sponsored by the Left League and its peripheral publications have disappeared, and Lu Xun managed to publish them in the sixth issue of the second volume of Modern Monthly edited by Shi Zhecun, flaunting the third person.