First of all, teachers must correct their teaching concepts.
1 Correct the correct teaching concept. Due to the influence of traditional ideas, it seems that the mention of "teaching" is often understood as a simple teacher's "teaching", and the idea of attaching importance to teaching and neglecting learning has emerged. This is a misunderstanding of teaching. Teachers should correctly handle the relationship between teaching and learning, and improve the guidance of learning methods to its due height.
2. Learning method guidance is a powerful coordination body of leading and main body in the teaching process. "Teacher-oriented, student-oriented" has now become a teacher's knowledge. So in the activities of teaching and learning, how can we achieve the unity of dominance and subjectivity? This needs to be done through the guidance of learning the law. The most successful embodiment of teachers' leading role is the guidance of learning methods, and the result of the guidance of learning methods is to give full play to students' main role.
3. Establish the concept that teaching methods serve learning methods. The ideal teaching effect must make students become the main body in the teaching process, and they can consciously and creatively master knowledge and improve their ability. This requires teachers to understand students and study teaching methods on the basis of studying learning methods, so that teachers' teaching can serve students' learning more effectively. Emphasizing that teaching methods serve learning methods does not deny teachers' dominant position, on the contrary. It requires teachers to use the art of teaching to promote the art of students' learning, which is the most powerful embodiment of teachers' leading role.
Second, students should master several basic learning methods in biology teaching.
1 analogy method. There is usually a prominent connection between biological concepts, that is, they are either similar in meaning or opposite in meaning. Like transformation and alienation, photosynthesis and respiration, blastocyst and embryo sac, meiosis and mitosis. When learning biological concepts, pay attention to grouping, pairing and classification comparison, so that it is easy to understand the essential differences and internal relations between each pair of concepts.
2 methods of understanding problems from practice. Biological science is a subject based on experiments, and the new textbook clearly embodies the cognitive way of drawing conclusions from experiments. Teachers should guide students to master this cognitive style in teaching and implement it in learning, so as to cultivate students' ability of diligent hands-on and diligent thinking. Over time, students can form the habit of exploring knowledge from experiments. This is very important for students' future development.
3 the basic methods of reading self-study. Pre-class preparation and after-class consolidation require students to read by themselves. Reading and self-study should have a purpose and read with questions. After reading it, we should sum up the main points of knowledge, find out the difficulties, put forward the problems that are easy to be confused and cause thinking. Reading and self-study can stimulate students' thirst for knowledge, make their thinking active and improve their ability to analyze and solve problems independently.
4 knowledge induction. Biological knowledge has its own independence and internal relations. After learning a knowledge, students should summarize it in time, and take the connection between knowledge points as a clue to build a knowledge network and form a knowledge system. Common inductive methods include graphic method, outline method and list method. Graphic method is generally used to summarize the relationship between several knowledge points, outline method is suitable for unit summary, and list method is more suitable for mid-term or final review. By mastering and applying these methods, students can summarize and sort out what they have learned, make knowledge systematic and orderly, and enhance the learning effect.
5 scientific memory method. Memorization of biological concepts and terms is an important reason why some students are passive and inefficient in learning. Therefore, it is necessary for students to master some scientific memory methods and improve their memory ability. One of the methods is to use the memory method of first secret and then sparse. According to Ebbinghaus's forgetting curve, forgetting is fast first and then slow, so memory should be dense first and sparse later. The second method is to compile a memory formula, remember it once and never forget it for a long time; The third method is associative memory, which guides students to combine memory materials with their own related materials.
Six-stage learning method. The five-stage learning method divides the learning process into five stages: preview, class, review, homework and summary. At present, many students only pay attention to class and homework, ignoring other links, forming a bad habit of not previewing in class, not doing homework and not reviewing exercises. As a result, the effect of attending class is poor, and the exercise is difficult to complete smoothly, which leads to passive learning and difficult to improve the grades. Only by following the above procedures can we turn passivity into initiative and consolidate our knowledge in time.
Third, ways and means to guide learning methods in teaching
1 The infiltration of learning methods in classroom teaching. When preparing lessons, teachers should take learning guidance as an important content to prepare. In the process of teaching, we should infiltrate learning guidance into all aspects of teaching, guide students how to take notes, observe and compare, and apply the laws they have learned, so that classroom teaching can become the main channel of learning guidance.
Teaching students in accordance with their aptitude and individual guidance. There is no fixed method for learning, and the learning method should vary from person to person. Different students have different study habits and methods. Therefore, the guidance of learning methods should also be based on the characteristics of different students, so that they can find their own learning methods.
Students communicate with each other. At ordinary times, we should create opportunities for outstanding students, talk about their successful learning experiences, and let students form pairs, help each other, learn from each other, learn from each other's strengths and make progress together.
4. Put forward clear requirements for learning the law. The requirements for studying law should be clear and specific. For example, prepare homework in writing for supervision and inspection; After each unit. Ask students to write an outline of unit knowledge, and so on. After training, these learning requirements are gradually accepted by students and become their conscious actions.
In a word, it is the need of teaching to change teaching method research into learning method guidance and improve students' ability and teaching quality. As a teacher. We should make long-term efforts in this regard.