1, energy saving

Mainly including reducing costs and increasing efficiency. Emission reduction mainly includes taking public transportation, energy saving and emission reduction. Efficiency improvement mainly refers to improving the efficiency of production, transformation, transportation, storage and utilization.

Step 2 remove

It mainly includes physical removal and biological removal. Physical removal is a technology of carbon capture, storage and utilization. Biological removal is to fix carbon dioxide in plants and soil through various plants and soil.

Step 3 replace

Replace fossil energy with non-fossil energy. Take the energy and power industry as an example, that is, clean energy power generation replaces fossil energy power generation and electricity replaces fossil energy consumption.

The huge impact of carbon neutrality? ?

1, power industry

The electric power industry is the industry with the most mature carbon emission reduction technology and the lowest cost, bearing the expectation of being the first to achieve carbon neutrality or even negative emissions, which means that carbon capture devices must be installed. The realization of carbon neutrality will bring long-term high-speed growth of power demand. By 2060, China's electricity demand will be 2-3 times that of today, which means that the size of the power system will double.

At present, the growth rate of renewable energy is far from carbon neutral. By 2060, carbon neutrality will be achieved, and the installed capacity of wind power and solar energy will be increased by 200 million kilowatts every year, which is about 50 million kilowatts at present. In order to cope with the fluctuation of renewable energy, it is necessary to comprehensively and flexibly transform the existing coal-fired power generation. After making full use of the flexibility of coal power, electrochemical energy storage will be developed on a large scale.

Considering that the service life of the equipment is 20-30 years, no new coal-fired power equipment can be installed after 2030 at the latest. Considering the 20-year maturity of industrial chain development, the large-scale deployment of carbon capture equipment will begin in 2035 at the latest.

2. Transportation industry

China's transportation energy demand will continue to rise rapidly for a long time, and there is still room for 50% growth before 2060. Considering that the service life of automobiles is 10- 15 years, achieving carbon neutrality in 2060 means that fuel vehicles will no longer be sold in 2045, and the sales of new energy vehicles will be at least 20 times that of 20 19 years.

Carbon neutrality requires rapid electrification of railway transportation, that is, electric locomotives; Transportation will be the first large-scale application industry of hydrogen energy, and carbon reduction of transportation will promote the initial development and maturity of hydrogen energy industry. ; Biomass fuel will play a long-term role, especially in aircraft, ships and other equipment that is not suitable for power generation or hydrogen production.