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Initial list: b, p, m, f, d, t, n, l, g, k, h, j, q, x, zh, ch, sh, y, w.
Monovowel list: a, o, e, I, u, u.
Compound vowels: ai, ei, ui, ao, ou, iu, ie, üe, er, an, en, in, un, ün, ang, eng, ing, ong.
The whole syllables are knowledge, delay, time, day, zi, word, thought, meaning, thing, language, language, leaf, month, yuan, sound, rhyme and shadow.
Chinese Pinyin is a tool to assist Chinese pronunciation. Article 18 of the Law of People's Republic of China (PRC) on the Common Language and Characters stipulates that the Chinese Pinyin Scheme is a unified standard for the spelling of Roman letters in Chinese names, place names and Chinese documents, and it is used in areas where Chinese characters are inconvenient or unusable.
In ancient China, Chinese characters were used as the carrier, and they were annotated by methods such as orthography and anticlockwise. Direct pronunciation means using homophones to express the pronunciation of Chinese characters. If homophones are all rare words, even if they are pronounced, they can't be read. Backcutting refers to annotating another Chinese character with two Chinese characters. The upper word is the same as the initial consonant of the annotated word, and the lower word is the same as the vowel and tone of the annotated word.