The fifty-six chapters of the book depict different expressions of "fame and fortune" by various people in a realistic way. On the one hand, it truly reveals the process and causes of human nature being corroded, thus profoundly criticizing and mocking the corruption of official administration, the drawbacks of imperial examinations and the hypocrisy of ethical codes at that time. On the one hand, it enthusiastically praised the protection of human nature by a few characters in the way of sticking to self, thus embodying the author's ideal. The use of vernacular novels is also more skillful, the characterization is quite thorough and delicate, especially the satirical technique is superb, which makes this book a masterpiece of China's classical satirical literature.
It represents the peak of China's ancient satirical novels, and creates an example of directly evaluating real life with novels. The manuscript spread from 755 to 79000, and was highly praised by later generations. Lu Xun thinks that the ideological content of the book is "upholding public interests and criticizing current disadvantages", while Hu Shi thinks that its artistic features can be called "exquisite and refined". This book has a great influence in international sinology. It has been circulated in English, French, German, Russian, Japanese and Spanish for a long time and has been highly praised by sinologists. Some people think that The Scholars can rank among the masterpieces of world literature, and can be compared with the works of Boccaccio, Cervantes, Balzac or Dickens, which is an outstanding contribution to world literature.
brief Introduction of the content
This novel was written at the end of Yuan Dynasty and the beginning of Ming Dynasty, which lasted about 248 years, and lasted for 44 years in Wanli of Ming Dynasty. From the second part of the text, the story happened at the end of Chenghua in the Ming Dynasty, about 120 years away from the "wedge"; The end of the fifty-fifth story of "Sike" happened in the twenty-third year of Wanli and twenty-one years after "Friendship". After the rise and fall of a dynasty.
At the end of Yuan Dynasty, Wang Mian, the son of a farmer in Zhuji, Zhejiang Province, became a self-taught scholar. Because he didn't want to meet the danger of Renhe squire in the magistrate's county, he avoided selling paintings in Jinan, Shandong Province for a living. Six months later, the villagers of the Yellow River dug out the breach of the Millennium Dragon King by building roads, and the people were displaced, and Wang Mian returned to his hometown. Soon, my mother died of illness. Another year passed and the world was in chaos. A king of Wu Pingguo visited Wang Mian and asked him how to make the world peaceful. A few years later, Wu Wang founded the country in Daming, and the Ministry of Rites agreed to select Jinshi with the four books, five classics and eight essays. As a result, Wang Mian predicted that "a generation of literati will have misfortune", so he took refuge in Kuaiji Mountain in time. At the end of Chenghua, Xue Jiaji, Wenshang County, Yanzhou, Shandong Province, started the centralized school of government and agriculture, and Xia Zongjia recommended Zhou to enter the school. As a old boys, Zhou Jin was ridiculed by scholar Mei Jiu, looked down upon by Wang Hui, and felt infinite humiliation. A year later, I lost my library, and I was full of resentment. When my sister Jin Yuyu went to the provincial capital to keep accounts for businessmen, she went to Hiram's Hospital. When she saw the number plate, she was furious and ran away, unconscious. After the businessman donated money for the exam, he was awarded the position of juren and scholar, made a suggestion and ordered Guangdong to learn Taoism. When he conducted honey experiments in Nanhai County and Shu Fan County, he chose Jin Fan, a 54-year-old boy, to enter the school.
Soon, Jin Fan was accepted by juren again, but he was ecstatic and woke up his father-in-law. Fan's mother also died of joy. Persuaded by squire Zhang Jingyi, Fan Jinnai went to Fangshigaoyao County with him and had a windfall with Feng Tang. While waiting to see the county, the local squire Yan came to know him again. Gong Sheng was accused of running amok in the village and went to the county. Unexpectedly, the magistrate of a county in the Tang Dynasty had a license, but Yan wanted to avoid the provincial capital. The county sent someone to find his brother.
At this time, Zhou Jin has been promoted to imperial academy, and his learned disciple Jin Fan has been appointed to study in Shandong. On the day of his appointment, Fan was entrusted by the students of Xue Jiaji Lecture Hall. He Zheng and Wang Hui are among the best. Unexpectedly, when Xun Mei's mother died, the imperial court was taking an examination of subjects and Taoism. Wang Hui advised him to intercede, but after being rejected, he returned home to be disciplined. Wang Bi entered Nanchang as the magistrate of a county and was handed over to Jing Yu, the son of Nanchang satrap. Later, he was promoted to Nangan Road, Wang Ning rebelled and Wang Hui surrendered. After Ning was captured, Wang Hui rushed to Wuzhen, Zhejiang, and met his son Sun. Gongsun Sheng gave him two hundred and twenty pieces of silver, and he gave the pillow box to Gongsun Sheng. Sun found a history of scholars in the pillow box, engraved with his name "Bu". Since then, he has been regarded as a young celebrity. Lou Xun and Lou Zan of Huzhou hosted a banquet in honor of Lu. When Lu saw Mi Sun on the table, he betrothed his daughter to his grandson.
Soon, Lu Bian and Lu Bian died one after another, and Gong Sun's fame was restrained, and he met the philologist. At this point, the family kidnapped the girl Shuanghong around the city and escaped. After his arrest, at the instigation of the police, he threatened to report Wang Hui's pillowcase to Sun Gong. Fortunately, Ma Chun repaired and redeemed the pillowcase containing all the packages, so the case was solved. On the other hand, Ma Chun left Jiaxing and went to Hanwen Building, a bookstore in Hangzhou. In the upper reaches of the West Lake, Kuang, a teenager with split personality, got help. Superman returned to his hometown and learned that Li Benying in the county had been recognized. He became a scholar at school. Unexpectedly, Li Benying was falsely accused. Under the leadership of Pan, Kuang went to Hangzhou to defect to his cousin Pan San. After that, Kuang Superman got to know famous people in the West Lake, such as Jing Lanjiang, Zhao Xue, Zhi Jianfeng and Pu, and visited the West Lake and held a poetry meeting. Pan Sanze persuaded him not to meet these people, and instructed him to forge documents to take the exam instead of others. So, Kuang Superman also saved a lot of money and married Zheng's father's daughter, a policeman. After Li Yingying's case was clarified, he was promoted to this position and sent for him. At this point, Pan San has been taken away. When Kuang got Li Benying's letter, he sent his wife to Yueqing countryside and went to Beijing by himself. It turned out that Zheng's death was his last wish. After getting married, I went to the north by boat, where I met Feng Heniu Buyi. In Yangzhou, Feng and Kuang changed their boats to the north, but Niu Buyi took a river boat to Wuhu and lived in Kanluoji. Unexpectedly, he couldn't afford to get sick, and the old monk took care of his affairs. One night, Niu Pulan, a little boy who lives nearby, came to the temple to study the morning light there. The old monk wanted to show him the manuscript of Niu Buyi's poem. He couldn't wait to steal it first. Soon after the old monk came to Beijing, he simply pretended to be a cow cloth and swindled. Dong Ying, the new magistrate, hurried to say goodbye. From then on, Niu Pulang learned to be a snob and didn't get along well with the Bu brothers of the Yue family. But go to Anton county to take refuge in Dong Ying. On the way, I met Niu Yupu, and they were grandparents and grandchildren. Niu Pu took him to the home of Yangzhou salt merchant Li Lianzhai. Cowherd was snubbed by Niu Yupu because he fell into the pond. Just when he heard the news that Wan Xuezhai was born from the head of Meridian Palace, he deliberately induced Niu Yupu to make a fool of himself in public and was resigned by Wan Xuezhai. Niu Pulan knew that he had been cheated, so he beat Niu Pulan and threw him on the river bank. Cowherd was rescued by the passing yellow guest, went to Anton with him, and was adopted as her husband by the yellow guest. Dong Ying was about to be promoted, but he told his successor, Xiang Ding, to take good care of Niu Pulang. Unexpectedly, Niu Buyi's wife found her husband and told the county.
A magistrate was sent to the procuratorate for solving a headless lawsuit, but was rescued by an actor under the procuratorate. Soon, Bao returned to Nanjing to return to his old job and was promoted to Anqing magistrate. He passed by Nanjing and approached to invite his father and son.
Du is generous and filial, and he can't manage his family. His family Wang and Zhang Tiebing conspired to defraud his property, and Bao Tingxi also took the opportunity to ask for more than one hundred taels of silver. Soon, Shao's fortune will be exhausted. She listened to Lou, the old housekeeper, and moved her family to Nanjing in order to meet celebrities from all over Nanjing. Shao Qing and his wife traveled to Liang Qingshan and lived freely. Unexpectedly, the governor recommended him as a learned poet, so he had to go to Anqing to thank him and resign, which was rejected by Li. After returning, Li sent someone to urge him to pretend to be ill and resign. At this time, Chi Hengshan is advocating the construction of Taibei Temple, and Du, Zhuang Shaoguang and others strongly agree with it, participating in the grand occasion, and inferring that Dr. Yu Yide from Nanjing imperial academy is the main sacrifice. After a long period of preparation, the first day of April was chosen to hold the memorial ceremony. Celebrities and their families from Nanjing gathered in various places to participate in the grand event, and Nanjing people crowded together to watch. After the shrine was held, all participants dispersed. At this time, Guo Xiaozi, who had been looking for his father for 20 years, came to Nanjing again. Nanjing celebrities headed by Du Shao did not neglect Wang Hui because he was his son, praised his filial piety, sponsored his money and helped him find his father in Shaanxi and Sichuan. When she arrived at the temple on the outskirts of Chengdu, Shine Wong refused to recognize her son. Soon, Wang Hui died of illness. Guo Xiaozi went home with his bones on his back. On the way, I met Xiao Yunxian and advised him to work in the imperial court. Father also asked Yunxian to join the army in Fort Shao Ping. Under Ping Shaobao's account, Yunxian led the troops to recover Qingfeng City, and then built city walls, built water conservancy projects, cultivated fields and opened schools. After Ying Tianfu was appointed as a garrison in Jianghuai, he met Yu Yide and other Nanjing celebrities. When crossing the river, he met Shen Danian who had taught in Qingfeng City at Yangzhou Wharf. Shen Danian wants to send her daughter Qiongzhi to Yangzhou to marry the Song family. I am a concubine of the Song Dynasty. Qiongzhi fled to Nanjing alone to write fan poems and make a living by embroidery. When Jiangdu County sent someone to arrest her, she was telling Mrs. Du what had happened to her and was finally taken to Jiangdu.
On the boat, a man went to Yangzhou with two bitches. As soon as the man got home, Tang Zhentai's nephew, Master Liu Tang, came to hang out with him and lured Tang Zhentai's two sons, Tang You and Tang Shi, to drink in the brothel. Tang You went to Zhenyuan House to see his father. When the Miao people were in turmoil, Tang played chaos, but he was demoted to three levels. Father and son went back to their hometown together. Emperor Taizong gave him a special godson, so he didn't leave and went to the autumn wind in Wuwei area. Unexpectedly, personal and life happened. Because Guan Wenzhong mistakenly wrote "Gong Sheng is inside", he confused it for his younger brother's sake and got away with it in the lawsuit. Yute went to Nanjing to get together with Du Fu and other sages. However, soon after Yu Yide went to Zhejiang, Yu Yide returned to Wuhe. Yu Huaxuan invited him to educate his son, and Xuan was elected as the official discipline of Huizhou. Wang Yun, an old scholar, came to learn from his teacher, and Yute valued him very much. Wang Yun encouraged his third daughter to be martyred, and then went to Nanjing sadly. In Nanjing, accompanied by Deng Zhifu, I went to Taibo Temple to pay my respects, but I didn't see a group of celebrities in Nanjing.
Soon, Wu Shu returned to Nanjing and was about to visit Deng Zhifu, but he was invited by Gao Hanlin. The guest is a Chinese book, but it is a fake Chinese book. When it happened, with the help of Feng Si, Qin Zhongshu gave money and donated a real Chinese book. Father Feng Si sent Wan Zhongshu back to Zhejiang and asked his friend Chen in Hangzhou to pay back the money he owed in Nanjing. But Chen was cheated by Mao Erhu, and Feng Si's father came forward to get the money back for him, and then went back to Nanjing and Qin Zhongshu. Qin Zhongshu and Master Chen Si are fooling around in a prostitute's place. Soon, Qin Zhongshu went to Beijing to fill the vacancy, and the master Chen Si went to Fujian to find his cousin Xu Jiu's son. Hiring a mother is forced by a pious woman, and