Chen Zishan is recognized as the most enthusiastic expert on the study of Zhang Ailing. Xia Zhiqing, a literary researcher and Chinese-American professor, introduced the History of Modern Novels in China into the Mainland in 1980s, which made Zhang Ailing's name and her works (including a group of writers such as Qian Zhongshu, Shen Congwen, Lin Yutang and Lu Ling) surface like "unearthed cultural relics". From this, Love in the City published by Harvest and related comments in the literary world came into being. Later, Zhang Ailing quickly became popular, forming the first "Zhang Ailing fever" in the Mainland. A group of forgotten writers, such as Qian Zhongshu and Shen Congwen, also became popular at the same time because of Xia Zhiqing's admiration. Xia Zhiqing spent 42 pages talking about Zhang Ailing. "The fall of Hong Kong fulfilled her." Love in a Fallen City wrote that the fallen Shanghai was the place where Zhang Ailing became famous. Zhang Ailing, formerly known as Zhang Ying and pen name Liang Jing, her grandfather Zhang Peilun was an imperial envoy of the Qing Dynasty, and her grandmother was the daughter of Li Hongzhang. At the age of 23, Zhang Ailing became a star in the literary world at that time with her novel Fragments of Aquilaria Resinatum-The First Furnace Incense. Xia Zhiqing's History of Modern Novels in China promoted the study of Zhang Ailing. 196 1 year, Xia Zhiqing, a literary historian who had a face-to-face conversation with Zhang Ailing, published the English version of The History of Modern Novels in China, and Zhang Ailing entered the history of China literature for the first time. From 65438 to 0979, the Chinese version of this book was published in Hong Kong, which attracted the attention of mainland scholars in the early 1980s. At this time, at the beginning of the reform and opening up, the exchanges between the mainland and Hong Kong gradually increased, and many scholars brought back Xia Zhiqing's History of Modern China Novels from Hong Kong. As a result, Zhang Ailing began to enter the field of vision of researchers. Writer Zhi 'an said that he saw from an article that the History of Modern Novels in China devoted 26 pages to Lu Xun, but 42 pages to Zhang Ailing, so he was very concerned about Zhang Ailing. He went to Hongkong on 199 1 and bought this book by Xia Zhiqing himself. "Xia Zhiqing introduced four people in this book, Shen Congwen, Zhang Ailing, Qian Zhongshu and Shi Tuo. The first three became famous, which caused a research boom overseas. Some famous writers in Taiwan Province and Hongkong, such as Li Ang and Bai Xianyong, all admire Zhang Ailing, and this trend in turn affects the mainland. " Qing Yu, who wrote a biography of Zhang Ailing, recalled that she had never heard of Zhang Ailing's name before she was a graduate student at Peking University from 65438 to 0978. "At the end of the 1970s, it was time to open the door wide and emancipate the mind. We old students are eager to find books to read. The more forbidden or unheard of, the more interested they are. We found the legend of Zhang Ailing in the dusty library, as well as the works of a group of writers such as Qian Zhongshu, Shen Congwen, Fei Ming and Lu Ling, which suddenly changed our view of literary history. The artistic feeling generated by the first contact with Zhang Ailing's very personalized description can be called a' shock'. Soon, about 1979, we read Xia Zhiqing's English version of A History of Modern Novels in China, and we became more and more convinced of our artistic judgment: Zhang Ailing is an outstanding novelist who should not be forgotten in the history of literature. "Harvest made Zhang Ailing surface, and what really helped Zhang Ailing enter the mainland literary criticism circle and attracted writers' attention was reading and harvest. 1984, Reading and Harvest magazine published Zhang Ailing in the Distance by writer Ling Ke, and also published Zhang Ailing's masterpiece Love in the City. Since then, Zhang Ailing's works have come into public view. Cheng Yongxin, editor-in-chief of Harvest magazine, recalled that Zhang Ailing in Ling Ke was read by Dai Xiao, who was in charge of Harvest magazine at that time. At that time, this article was already left by reading. Dai Xiao thought that Ling Ke's articles were well written. Considering the different readers of Reading and Harvest, Harvest had a column introducing the writer's works at that time. In this way, Ling Ke's "Zhang Ailing" and "Love in the Whole City" were published together in Harvest magazine. Cheng Yongxin remembers, "We still have some concerns about publishing Zhang Ailing's works. However, her novels are really good, and it is estimated that even if there is some controversy, the problem is not big. After the publication of Sending Zhang Ailing to a Distance, Zhang Ailing's uncle menstruation read the article and found Ling Ke together to thank him for putting in a good word for Zhang Ailing. Writer Acheng once wrote in the article: "1At the end of 984, I saw Love in a Fallen City in Harvest magazine. After reading it, I was puzzled for several days, thinking that Zhang Ailing was the factory owner hiding in which alley, and accidentally voted for such an amazing article. Su Tong, a writer, chose one of Zhang Ailing's works as one of the' ten short stories that influenced me', saying that Zhang's works are' things made in standard China, more casual than poetry, more rigorous than vernacular, and become novels in the process of approaching novels'. Su Tong said, "I read Zhang Ailing's works as if listening to my favorite music. Zhang Ailing's works are not classical music or symphonies, but folk genres, which can be passed down continuously. "Writer Ye Zhaoyan even thinks that Zhang Ailing's works make the night in the dormitory no longer lonely." Most readers are probably like us, or think that Zhang Ailing should write novels wholeheartedly. Jia Pingwa called Zhang Ailing "a fox who can distinguish right from wrong". After reading her prose, she applauded, went to look for her novels, and chose Zhang Ailing's books to buy when she was playing in Hong Kong. "When I saw the series of Love in a Fallen City, Golden Lock and Fragments of Agarwood, I was deeply poisoned by her. I know reading her will only confuse my mind, but I have to read it. "Jia Pingwa confessed his fascination with Zhang Ailing's works. In the research field, according to the memory of scholar Ai Xiaoming, Zhao Yuan, a graduate student of Mr. Yao Yao in Peking University, was the first scholar to re-evaluate Zhang Ailing in the new period. She wrote Reading Zhang Ailing's Novels as a Window to Shanghai and Hong Kong, which was two years earlier than Sending Zhang Ailing to a Distance, and was later included in her Ten Novels. With the passage of time, the evaluation of Zhang Ailing by mainland literary critics began to change. From 65438 to 0985, Qian Liqun, Wen Rumin, Fuhui Wu and others published Thirty Years of Modern Literature in China, which was the first time that Zhang Ailing was written into the history of mainland literature. Fuhui Wu is responsible for compiling Zhang Ailing's part of this literary history book, which has great influence and is used as a teaching material by many universities in China. When it comes to "isolated island" and literature in enemy-occupied areas, this book uses about 800 words to write about Zhang Ailing, pointing out that Zhang has "the foundation of classical novels" and "the color of street novels", which shows the "feudal thoughts" and people's "mental trauma" that still exist in the "Westernization" environment. Although some people later think that this book evaluates Zhang Ailing as "pen and ink are quite economical", countless college students have learned about Zhang Ailing from this book. According to Chen Zishan, in the papers of college students in China, people who study Zhang Ailing are always among the best. There are nearly a hundred books about Zhang. Academic research in 1980s promoted the publication of Zhang Ailing's works. The publishing house was very careful at first, most of the works were published in the name of "scientific research and teaching", and then it got out of hand. 1February, 986, Zhang Ailing's novel collection Legend was reprinted by People's Literature Publishing House, with the portrait of the author in front. 1March, 987, published a photocopy of how time flies; Eighteen Springs was reprinted by Jiangsu Literature and Art Publishing House. Half-life was reprinted by Huacheng Publishing House. In addition, the Selected Works of Emerson translated by Zhang Ailing was reprinted and published by Beijing Sanlian Bookstore. " 1992, the publishing industry identified the reading orientation of the public and published Zhang Ailing's works. At that time, Anhui Literature and Art Publishing House published four volumes of Collected Works of Zhang Ailing. Huacheng Publishing House, Zhejiang Literature and Art Society, Taihai Publishing House, Huaxia Publishing House, Guangming Daily Publishing House, Shanghai Literature and Art Publishing House, Shandong Pictorial Publishing House, Sichuan Literature and Art, Sanlian, etc. They have published more than 50 kinds of Zhang Ailing's books. 1September, 1995, Zhang Ailing died in the United States, and Zhang Ailing once again attracted attention. Some domestic newspapers have made key reports. Zhang Ailing's craze, which started in the field of literary research, has now spread to the public sphere. According to Professor Chen Zishan's statistics, many mainland publishing houses have published nearly 100 kinds of books about Zhang Ailing. In addition, some books about Zhang Ailing and her works have become popular. Among the "Zhang Ailing Fever", the most influential is Zhang Ailing's Collected Works edited by Zhang Ailing's researcher Jin Hongda and Qing Yu. This set of books with a genuine circulation of 500,000 to 600,000 sets has attracted piracy from all over the world. Jiang Qiyong, then editor of Anhui Literature and Art Publishing House, said that piracy is far beyond the genuine, and the number is incalculable. The Complete Works of Zhang Ailing was published in 1992. At first, Anhui Literature and Art Publishing House thought that this book might not be sold, and regarded it as a loss-making project, which slightly delayed the publishing progress. At that time, Liang, president of Anhui Literature and Art Publishing House, went to the Central Party School to study, and Qing Yu specifically found him to explain the value and significance of this set of books. Finally, Liang made a decision. The first print of this set of books is 5000 sets. Soon, they found that they had to print more to meet the needs of readers. At 1995 and 1996, this set of books ushered in a sales peak. Publishers and bookstores all over the country first put money into publishers' accounts and waited in line to publish books. Because the printing house is too busy, customers who can't get the goods are very anxious and urged again and again, and some books are directly taken away from the printing house by the publishing house. As a result, the pirated books of Zhang Ailing's complete works "came into being". Jiang Qiyong said that it is not only outsiders who pirate, but as far as he knows, there are people inside the publishing house who collude with outsiders to pirate. Because the customers waiting in line for delivery didn't get the books, some books were sent directly from the printing house. "The works of Zhang Ailing, Li Zehou and Fu Lei are three projects of Anhui Literature and Art Publishing House, with both economic and social benefits." Jiang Qiyong said. 1995, Zhang Ailing passed away. In the following year or two, readers showed unprecedented enthusiasm for Zhang Ailing, and Zhang Ailing's works were adapted into movies and plays. Xia Zhiqing's History of Modern Novels in China was criticized in 1980s, and finally met with mainland readers in July 2005. Chen Zishan, who loves Zhang Ailing, said that there are many reasons for the rise and persistence of Zhang Ailing fever. For example, Zhang Ailing's life experience is strange and legendary. Her rare literary talent, her love and marriage with Hu Lancheng and her unique personality are all legends. Among mainland scholars and fans, the story of "Love Zhang Ailing" by Mr. Tang Wenbiao, an expert on Zhang Ailing in Taiwan Province Province, is widely circulated. From 1973, when he decided to study Zhang Ailing, Tang Wenbiao "traveled all over the university libraries in the free world on all continents" from 10 to 1984, and collected all the published materials about Zhang Ailing during the occupation of Shanghai, including photos, illustrations, title pages, cartoons and book covers. The masthead of the first published article, the magazine cover and directory page of Zhang Ailing's works, etc. , according to the original summary photocopying, printed into 16 volume, 383 pages thick, published by Time Publishing Company. When Zhang Ailing knew about it, she thought it infringed her copyright, so she asked Crown Publishing Company, which owns the copyright of her own works, to negotiate with Time Publishing Company, and Time Company stopped publishing this book. 1At the beginning of June, 985, Ke Yuanxin, the general manager of Time Publishing, called Tang Wenbiao who lived in Taichung at that time and said that there were still 400 books in the warehouse. If you want, I'll rent a car to take it to you. If you don't want it, you are ready to destroy it. Because it was hard to compile this book, he said he wanted it, so the publishing company pulled hundreds of books downstairs, unloaded them there and left. Because his wife was not at home, Tang Wenbiao, who had suffered from nasopharyngeal carcinoma for many years, moved the book himself. The wound of nasopharyngeal carcinoma is bleeding because it can't bear the pressure of gravity. He died in Taichung at three o'clock the next morning at the age of fifty-eight. A friend of Taipei's literary and art circles burst into tears after hearing the news, sighed frequently, and finally scolded: Alas, Tang Wenbiao, I love Zhang Ailing! Zhi 'an said, "Other modern writers have never really died because they love a writer. Besides, Teacher Chen Zishan is very cute. He has been exploring Zhang Ailing's works for so many years, and never put so much effort into other writers. For example, the discovery of tulips caused great repercussions in the national media. It is really a great honor for a writer to get to this point. " Chen Zishan believes that Qiong Yao fever appeared in China in 1980s, but people found that Qiong Yao's works were just castles in the air after reading more. After 1990s, literature was marginalized and civil society began to take shape. However, Zhang Ailing's works are enduring and have historical value. The people and things she writes seem to happen around people, and the issues she discusses such as feelings, marriage and family are still concerned by people. Of course, after the rise of Zhang Ailing's craze, there has been controversy about her and her works. Cheng Yongxin, deputy editor of Harvest, thinks, "Zhang Ailing's works are really good, but now they are too high for her. Her works still have some limitations in subject matter, such as Lust, Caution, which is actually a failure. However, because the film directed by Ang Lee is popular, some people have commented that this novel is very good. "