Born in April 13th, three years (1 100), he was first named Zhao, and was named King of Jingzhao County in June the following year. In the second year of Daguan (1 108), he was promoted to king, and in the fifth year of Daguan (165438+).
He is indecisive and capricious, and lacks judgment and sensitivity on political issues. In history, he was a weak and incompetent bad king. He listened to the slanderers of the treacherous court official and dismissed Li Gang. Nomads from the siege of bian city, but unable to resist.
During the Jingkang Rebellion, he was captured by the Jin people and went north. In the 26th year of Shaoxing in the Southern Song Dynasty (1 156), he died in Yanjing at the age of 57 and was buried in Yongxianling (located in Baoshan, southeast of Shaoxing, Zhejiang).
biography
Originally known as Zhao, also known as Yes, the eldest son. Qinzong was born on April 13th. This day is Dragon Boat Festival, my half-brother, and his mother is Queen Wang. Then my Kang Jun made Zhu's daughter a crown princess. During the invasion of Bianjing (now Kaifeng, Henan Province), Song Huizong abdicated and Zhao Huan was forced to ascend the throne for Song Qinzong. In history, he was a weak and incompetent bad king. He listened to the slanderers of the treacherous court official and dismissed Li Gang. Jinbing besieged Bianjing, but was unable to resist, and was finally captured by the Jin people and demoted to.
In December of the seventh year of Xuanhe (1 125), Zhao Huan was succeeded by his father Song Huizong Evonne, and his country name was changed to Jingkang as Song Qinzong.
Immediately after he acceded to the throne, he demoted Cai Jing, Tong Guan and others, and then reused Li Gang to resist gold. But he is weak and indecisive. Later, he listened to the slanderers of the treacherous court official, dismissed Li Gang and made peace with Jin.
In the second year of Jingkang (1 127), the state of Jin took this opportunity to cross the Yellow River and break Song, Jing and Tokyo (now Kaifeng), which is known as the Jingkang Change.
On the sixth day of February (165438+March 20, 2027) in the second year of Jingkang in the Northern Song Dynasty (the fifth year of Jin Chaotian Society), Jin Taizong wrote a letter to abolish the emblem and emperor Qin, was demoted, and forcibly took off the robes of the two emperors. Li Re-shui, who accompanied him, held the body of Qin Zong and denounced Violet as a dog. Ren Jin cut his throat with a knife, and Ren Jin made Zhang Bangchang emperor.
In July, the second emperor was captured and moved to Yanjing. In the sixth year of Tianhui (1 128), he went to Jin Shangjing Huining House on August 21st. On 24th, the second emperor bowed down to Jin Taizu Temple in casual clothes, held a "sheep-holding ceremony", and visited Jin Taizong in Gan Yuan Temple. Emperor Taizong of Jin Dynasty named Song Huizong faithful and faithful, while Qin Zong was faithful and faithful. In October, the second emperor moved to Hanzhou (the northern city of Lishu County, Jilin Province). In July of the eighth year of Tianhui (1 130), he moved the Second Emperor to Wu Guocheng (now the North Old Town of yilan county, Heilongjiang) and put him under house arrest.
Eight years later, in the thirteenth year of Tianhui (five years in Shaoxing, 1 135), Hui Zong died in Wu Guocheng.
In Tian Juan's third year (1 140), Wan Yan Zongbi, sent by the Jin War, led the Jin army to invade the south. First, Shunchang, just south of Kaifeng, was defeated by Liu W's "Eight-character Army", then in Yancheng and Yingchang, southwest of Kaifeng, and was defeated twice by Yue Jiajun, who was good at fighting cavalry of the elite troops of the Jin Dynasty. WanYanZongBi began to accept peace.
In February of the first year of imperial unification (111), in order to improve the relationship with the Southern Song Dynasty, Emperor Xizong of Jin made the dead Hui Zong the king of Tianshui County and Emperor Qinzong the duke of Tianshui County. First, the level has improved. Originally, he was named the second-class confused Duke, and Wang was chased as the first class. The original Qin Sect was named the third-class faint Hou, but now it is named the second-class promotion. The second is to remove the insulting meaning in the original title. The third is to take Zhao's surname Tianshui County as a title to show respect. At the same time, the Southern Song Dynasty court relieved Yue Fei, Han Shizhong, Liu Waiwai and other generals of their military power to prepare for the Shaoxing Peace Conference. 1 1 month, Song and Jin reached a written agreement and designated it as "Shao Yi". 1At the end of February, on New Year's Eve (114265438+1October 27th), the Southern Song Dynasty court killed Yue Fei in order to satisfy the premise set by Yan Zongbi. In the twelfth year of Shaoxing (1 142), in March, the Shaoxing peace talks between Song and Jin completely completed all the procedures. In the summer of April, Ding Mao (1 142 in May, 1), Wei Xianfei, the mother of Emperor Gaozong, and Hui Zong's coffin returned to the Song Dynasty. When he left, Qin Zong took her car and asked her to tell Gao Zong that if he could go back, he would be satisfied as long as he was the palace master of Taiyi Palace. Wei Xianfei cried and said, if you don't come back, I'd rather go blind. Because Qin Zong or his descendants were extinct (his son was an adopted son), he didn't want him to reign, so he didn't return to Song until his death. Wei Xianfei did suffer from eye diseases in his later years, and he was blind in one eye.
According to the suicide note of Song Xuanhe, Song Qinzong died on June 2006 10 (11June 29, 56). There are different opinions about the cause of death. According to legend, Wang Hailing Yan Hongliang, the emperor of Jin Dynasty, asked Qin Zong, 56, and Ye Luyanxi, the emperor of Liao Tianzuo, 82, to play polo. Song Qinzong fell off his horse and died of equine disease. Five years later, in the thirty-first year of Shaoxing (1 16 1), the death of Qinzong spread to the Southern Song Dynasty, which caused a dispute about whether Qinzong died in 1 156 or1. The temple was named Qin Zong, and posthumous title Gongwen Shunde Renxiao was buried in Yongxian Mausoleum (now Baoshan, southeast of Shaoxing, Zhejiang).
The shame of Jingkang
Although Jin Jun withdrew from the capital, it did not stop attacking the Song Dynasty. In September of the first year of Jingkang, Taiyuan fell, so that the nomads from the West Road led by Han Zong went south smoothly, crossed Bianjing with the East Road Army, and captured the outer city of Kaifeng in November.
After capturing the outer city of Kaifeng, the shrewd general Jin Jun did not immediately attack the city, but occupied the outer city wall and hypocritically announced the withdrawal of troops from the peace talks. Qin Zong really believed it, so he ordered Li He and Zhao Xu, the king of Qi, to make peace in Jinying. Han Zong said: "Since ancient times, there has been a division between the North and the South. Today, what we are talking about is just cutting land." And "request" the emperor's father to negotiate with Jin Ying. It's not so much a request as an order. How can Hui Zong have the courage? Qin zong had to go instead on the grounds that the emperor's father was too frightened and had been ill for a long time.
1 1 At dawn on October 30th, Qin Zong came with many ministers, which was the trap of the Jin people. After Qin Zong arrived in Jinying, the commander-in-chief of Jin Jun did not receive him, but sent someone to ask for the watch. Qin zong did not dare to disobey, and hurriedly asked someone to write down the form and present it. However, the Jin people were not satisfied and ordered the form to be written in four or six sentences. Qinzong was forced to say, so far, don't worry about others. Sun Yong, the minister, thought twice and changed it four times to satisfy Jin people. Lowering the purpose of the table is just bowing to Kim, begging for forgiveness, and extremely grovelling. After presenting the surrender, the Jin people invited the Emperor Tai-huang to come, and Qin Zong begged, but the Jin people no longer insisted. Then, the Jin people set up an incense table in the Zhai Palace in the north, and asked the monarchs and subjects of the Song Dynasty to bow to the north as a courtesy, and read the surrender form. At that time, there was a snowstorm, and Qin Zongjun and his subjects were secretly crying. After the surrender ceremony, the Jin people were very satisfied and let Qinzong return. Qinzong was humiliated when he entered the Golden Camp. In desperation, he became a servant of the Jin people. In retrospect, his sadness was unbearable. Unconsciously, his tears were wet. When he arrived at Nanxun Gate, Qin Zong cried when he saw the ministers and people who came to meet him. This is a heartfelt move. After all, there are still many subjects that care about their own safety. He was still crying before he went to the palace, and everyone inside and outside the palace was crying loudly. Qin Zongchu went to Jinying, dodged a bullet and came back three days later, as if it had been a lifetime ago.
As soon as Qin Zong returned to the imperial court, Jin people came to ask for 10 million ingots of gold, 20 million ingots of silver and 10 million pieces of silk, which was simply wild speculations. At that time, it was impossible to get together in Kaifeng, a lonely city, looking for it. However, Qin Zong was frightened by the Jin people and put up with humiliation and ordered a big bag of gold and silver. Jin people demanded mules and horses, and Kaifeng government rewarded them for exposure. Unexpectedly, there were more than 7,000 horses in Beijing, and the bureaucrats walked to court. The Jin people also demanded 1500 girls, but Qin Zong dared not neglect them, and even asked him to count his concubines. The girls refused to be humiliated, and many people died. Regarding gold, silver, cloth and silk, Qin Zong felt that the national treasury was insufficient, so he ordered the rich and powerful businessmen to invest in the army. The so-called capital contribution is actually robbing. For the rebels, they often flail their necks, even Zheng's family is not immune. Even so, there was still a shortage of gold and silver, and four ministers, including Mei Zhili, who was in charge of searching for gold and silver, were executed. Other officials accused by the staff are everywhere, and many people are forced to commit suicide. Kaifeng city is in chaos and depression.
Although the Northern Song Dynasty, headed by Qin Zong, welcomed the Jin people so crazily, their demands were not met. Jin people threatened to attack the city and plunder the land, and asked Qin Zong to negotiate again. Qinzong was scared out in a cold sweat. The shadow of the last trapped Golden Camp has not dispersed, and new fears have come to mind. I'm afraid I ran away this time. At this time, Li Ruoshui and others also encouraged Qin Zong to go. After all, Qin Zong dared not go against the wishes of the Jin people and had to go to Jin Ying again.
After Qin Zong arrived in Jinying, he was given a cold shoulder. Wang Zong and Han Zong didn't see him at all. They put him in three huts in the west wing of the military camp. The furnishings in the room are extremely simple, except for tables and chairs, there is only a heatable adobe sleeping platform and two sleeping blankets. There were nomads outside the house, and at dusk, the door of the house was chained from behind by nomads, so the monarch and subjects of Qinzong completely lost their freedom of movement. At this time, it is in the cold winter, and the rain and snow in Kaifeng area are continuous, and the weather is surprisingly cold. In addition to enduring hunger during the day, Qin Zong had to endure the biting cold wind at night, tossing and turning, unable to sleep. When he thought of all this, his heart ached and he burst into tears. In a blink of an eye, Qin Zong fell from an unattainable emperor to a prisoner of the Jin people. It is really pitiful. However, all this was caused by him and his father Hui Zong.
The imprisoned Qin Zong lived like a year, and his homesickness was beyond words. Song officials repeatedly asked Jin people to let Qin Zong go back, but Jin people ignored him. On February 5th, the second year of Jingkang, Qin Zong had to smile and accept Ren Jin's invitation to watch the ball game. After the game, Qin Zong begged Jin Shuai to let him go back, but he was severely reprimanded by Han Zong. Qinzong was too scared to mention it again.
After the Jin people detained Qin Zong, they claimed that there was not even a day of gold, silver and silks, so they refused to release Qin Zong for a day. Song Ting heard the news and stepped up his search. Kaifeng officials directly broke into residents' homes and searched them, which was as rampant as catching treason. The people's five families supervise and protect each other, and they can report if they have anything to hide. Even the poor, monks and Taoist priests, craftsmen, and all kinds of people who advocate Excellence in Futian Hospital are being searched. By the end of the month, Kaifeng had collected 65,438+600,000 taels of gold, 2,000 taels of silver, silks and satins 1 10,000 horses, but it was still far from the quantity required by the gold people. When Song officials delivered gold and silver to Jin Ying, the Jin people were arrogant and humiliated in every way. Since Qin Zong went to Jinying, the snowstorm has continued, and people in Bianjing have no food. Ate all the leaves, cats and dogs in the city, and cut them into starvation. Coupled with the epidemic, countless people starved to death. The tragedy of the situation is beyond description.
But the Jin people still refused to give up and plundered other things to pay for gold and silver. All sacrificial vessels, the emperor's command, all kinds of classics, Dacheng musical instruments and even costume props used in hundreds of plays were searched. Doctors in various disciplines, musicians and craftsmen in workshops were also looted. They also plundered women crazily, and as long as they were slightly beautiful, they were captured by Kaifeng House for the enjoyment of the Jin people. At that time, the official ministers plundered the most women and were called "Grandpa Jin". Yin Xu Bingzhe of Kaifeng Prefecture is not far behind. In order to please the Jin people, he painted the woman who was unkempt and ill, dressed up in disguise, and delivered the whole car, which made Kaifeng city complain a lot and the people were miserable.
Destroying the Song Dynasty is the established policy of the Jin people, so although the monarch and ministers of the Song Dynasty were so obedient to the Jin people, the Jin people decided to depose Qin Zong. On February 6th, the second year of Jingkang, Qin Zong was abolished as Shu Ren. On the 7th, Hui Zong and others were forced to go to Jin Ying. When Jin people forced Hui Di and Qin Emperor to take off their robes, Li Re-shui held Qin Zong in his arms and wouldn't let him take off the emperor's clothes. He also endlessly called Jin Ren a dog. Jin became angry from embarrassment and held a knife to cut his throat and spit out his tongue until he died. After the demise of the Northern Song Dynasty, the Jin people named Zhang Bangchang, which had always advocated peace, "Da Chu" and established a puppet regime. But this puppet regime is unpopular.
While supporting, the Jin people plundered gold and silver again, even women's hairpins were plundered. The Kaifeng government was worried that there was not enough gold and silver, so it set up a market around Kaifeng city to exchange grain for gold and silver. Because the capital has been besieged for a long time, food is scarce, and the gold and silver in the hands of the people are useless, and they have taken them out for rice. In this way, Kaifeng Prefecture gained tens of thousands of gold and silver. However, Kaifeng city has been searched several times, and the gold and silver have been exhausted, so it is impossible to collect the amount required by the gold people. Jin people had to give up.
At this time, the commander-in-chief of the Jin army learned that Zhao Gou, the king of Kang, was actively deploying troops in Hebei, trying to break the retreat of the Jin people, but worried that the troops were insufficient and could not effectively rule the vast areas of the Central Plains. So after the puppet regime was established, he was ready to retreat. During the retreat, Jin people also burned down countless houses in the suburbs of Kaifeng. "There are Liu Zi in the east, Xijing in the west, Han merchants in the south and Heshuo in the north". In such a vast area, the nomads from the army "kill people like hemp, and hear about them for hundreds of miles". This has brought profound disasters to the broad masses of the people, and the crimes are outrageous.
On April 1 day, after plundering a large amount of gold and silver treasures, the Jin army began to retreat in two ways. The people who were taken into custody included Zheng, the Prince, the emperor's grandson, Xu, the princess, concubines and so on. , three days ago has been along the sliding state north; The other way is trusteeship, including officials who refused to surrender, such as Qin Zong, Empress Zhu, Prince, Imperial Clan, Sun Fu, Sun Fu, and Sun Fu, and so on, and went north along Zhengzhou. Jin people also took away all kinds of royal ritual vessels, antique cultural relics, picture books, imperial envoys, eunuchs, advocates of Excellence, craftsmen and so on. More than 654.38 million men and women were driven away and the treasures of the Northern Song Dynasty were exhausted. Wherever the nomadic people in the distance go, their lives are ruined. Such a tragic disaster left an incurable pain for the people of the Song Dynasty, and it also became the spiritual driving force for people with lofty ideals to strive hard throughout the ages.
The Ancient Xuanwumen Spring and Autumn Zhuo Xin Classics of the Fugitive of Postgraduate Entrance Examination