1July 864 19 (Taiping Heavenly Kingdom Calendar1June 6, the third year of Tongzhi in Qing Dynasty 16), the ferocious Xiang army attacked Tianjing (Nanjing). After the Qing army entered the city, the cruel slaughter began, with flames reflecting the sky and rivers of blood. Qinhuai River is full of the bodies of unyielding heroes. The vigorous Taiping Heavenly Kingdom movement was suppressed by the rulers of the Qing Dynasty.
A little over two years later, on 18661month 12 (the sixth day of October in the fifth year of Tongzhi in Qing Dynasty), the great democratic revolutionary Dr. Sun Yat-sen was born in Cuiheng Village at the foot of Li Tou Mountain in Xiangshan County, Guangdong Province (now part of Zhongshan County, Zhuhai County and Doumen County).
Young emperor elephant, long name, word Deming, new name. I changed my name to Yixian when I was studying in Hong Kong College of Western Medicine. As for Sun Yat-sen's name, he was thirty-one years old when he was carrying out revolutionary activities in Japan. Later, people called him Sun Yat-sen.
Sun Yat-sen comes from a poor peasant family. When he was born into this world, his family and social life did not show him gorgeous colors. His father Sun Dacheng is a farm worker, and his family doesn't own an acre of land. In order to make a living, Sun Dacheng drifted to Macau when he was young and studied as a tailor and shoemaker. Macao is a colorful city. At night, there are laughter in the brothel, gamblers in the casino are noisy, smokers smoke in the smoking hall and stay up all night. Adventurers live a frenzied life here. The city of Macau once attracted many people, but such an evil environment made Sun Dacheng, who came from the beautiful countryside, extremely disgusted. He has worked hard in Macao for thousands of years, accumulated a little money and suffered from homesickness. He resolutely returned to Cuiheng Village, his hometown with green trees and green water, and returned to a poor family, leading a hard and indifferent life. Sun Dacheng rented several acres and made a living by farming. After Sun Yat-sen was born, the family's food increased, and Sun Dacheng worked as a bellboy in the village. Sun Yat-sen's mother, Yang, is a dignified, kind and loving woman who loves her husband and children very much. When Sun Yat-sen was young, his family lived in a small house near the village. They often have no shoes to wear and no food to eat, so a few sweet potatoes become a lunch. Growing up in such a poor peasant family, Sun Yat-sen is very easy to accept simple democratic ideas. Sun Yat-sen, who was only six years old, followed his sister up the mountain to chop wood, get pig feed from the pond, and weed, drain and graze cattle in the fields. When he was a little older, he went out to sea with his grandfather and engaged in fishing: Sun Yat-sen's childhood was full of hard work and pain, without joy and happiness. He once said that the idea of equal land rights put forward later was related to "the stimulation of childhood circumstances"
Xiangshan County, located in the south of the rich Pearl River Delta, has a glorious revolutionary tradition in the modern history of China. 1840, the revolutionary war against British opium aggression began. Lin Zexu's anti-British flag once fluttered in Chengtou, Xiangshan County. Guan Tianpei, the naval prefect, once sharpened the ocean in Xiangshan and had a bitter contest with the British navy. It is only a few tens of miles away from Hong Xiuquan's hometown, Hua County. The great achievements of the uprising heroes shocked the hearts of thousands of elders in Xiangshan County, and many people directly participated in the anti-Qing armed uprising. Although the Taiping Rebellion failed, the fame and achievements of the heroes of the uprising are still talked about by the elders in Guangdong. In Cuiheng village, there was a veteran named Feng who fought side by side with the heavenly king Gong Xiuquan in the Qing army. He likes Sun Yixian very much, an agile child. He often rolled up his sleeves and exposed his scarred arms, telling the stories of the heroes of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom to Sun Yat-sen one by one. In Sun Yat-sen's private school, there are also teachers from Hongyang. They also showed their talents at the moment of peasant uprising. Now, the revolutionary situation has temporarily dispersed, and they have come to this small mountain village to give lectures and attend classes anonymously. Whenever teachers mention this touching past, they often can't help but make a statement and burst into tears. Eight-year-old Sun Yat-sen was awed by the martyrs of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom after hearing exciting revolutionary anecdotes such as jintian uprising, Tianjing and its capital, and the martyrdom of the heavenly king. He once admired Hong Xiuquan and said, "If only Hong Xiuquan had destroyed Manchu!"
The seeds of revolution have been planted in Sun Yat-sen's heart since childhood.
However, he began to realize the decline and decay of the feudal system, or he witnessed something.
The first thing is his sister's foot binding. In feudal society, little feet were the symbol of "nobility". There is no doubt that women's foot binding is taken for granted. Sun Yat-sen's mother also suffered from foot binding. Her feet are too small. She is old and must walk with a bamboo pole. Sun Yat-sen's sister was not spared this torture. One day when Sun Yat-sen was twelve years old, he saw a piece of cloth wrapped around his sister's feet like an iron belt. Her face turned black and white, and sweat as big as soybeans rolled down one by one, groaning again and again. Sun Yat-sen sympathized with his sister's misfortune and quietly asked his mother, "This kind of pain is too intense for Iraq. Please stop pestering Iraq's feet! " His mother shook her head and sighed and said, "If we violate this custom in China and don't tie your sister's feet, Yi will blame us when she grows up."
Sun Yat-sen loves his mother very much, but he can't agree with her. He continued to protest that it was unreasonable for women in China to cut their feet.
The mother answered her son's protest on the grounds that Guangxi people in her village did not bind their feet and were discriminated against by local people everywhere.
Sun Yat-sen still refused to accept the dispute, and his mother adopted a compromise plan: temporarily let go of her sister's feet. Later, an expert on foot binding was invited from another village, but the big sister's feet were still small.
Opposing foot-binding is just a small storm within the family. A stone was thrown, but the water in the pool was not stirred. When Sun Yat-sen was sensible, he not only dared to protest against all kinds of superstitions and ignorance at home, but also began to protest against the slave-holding system in the village, expressing strong doubts about reality and challenging this feudal system!
There are three rich households holding slaves in Cuiheng Village. After the girl sold it to her master, she said goodbye to her biological parents in tears, was whipped and abused, ate leftovers, wore rags and lived an inhuman life. I won't be free until I get married. In this regard, Sun Yat-sen expressed great grievances and indignation. He believes that no one has the right to enslave others. How can a child be destined to be a slave when he is born? Sun Yat-sen said loudly to the elders in the village in an angry voice: What right does a person have to teach others to do unpaid duties? This kind of slavery is inhuman! As a teenager, Sun Yat-sen expressed great indignation at unreasonable old customs such as selling children, drowning babies, marrying concubines, foot-binding and idolatry. The desire for reform has sprouted since childhood.
At the age of ten, Sun Yat-sen began to study in a private school and was confined in a small room all day. He read and reread those boring feudal books that bound people's minds, either Sanzi Jing, Ganzi Wen or Four Books. The old-school master not only asked Sun Yat-sen to read aloud, but also asked him to recite word for word. What's the point of reciting it? The teacher shook his head and told him, "This is the way to govern the country and cultivate one's morality!" Without rhyme or reason! Reciting these "Confucius" and "poetry clouds", can you "govern the country and cultivate one's morality"? Sun Yat-sen raised a bold question to the teacher: "I don't understand some of these books, but it's meaningless to sing like this." Why should I read him? " The teacher stood up in horror. He took another ruler, but he weighed it in his mind and finally put it down. Because Sun Yat-sen is the best student in reciting. The question he asked seems reasonable. Sun Yat-sen went on to say, "Could you enlighten me on the significance of this book I have read? (1) Shu Shi was soft-hearted and speechless.
Not far from Sun Yat-sen's home, there is a private garden with many trees and birds. Sun Yat-sen often goes there to play. One day, dozens of soldiers of the Qing Dynasty suddenly broke into this garden. They held guns and knives, tied up three brothers of this family like robbers, robbed them of their belongings and drove Sun Yat-sen out. The only motive for these corrupt officials to raid the house is to plunder the property of the three brothers. The whole village was extremely resentful of this atrocity, but everyone dared to speak out, and Sun Yat-sen was also resentful. One day, he walked through a broken wall and revisited the garden. A Qing officials came out with a knife, saw Sun Yat-sen and asked, "What are you doing here? Sun Yat-sen said, "I came to enjoy their garden." The guy flew into a rage and said, "What did you say?" Sun Yat-sen confidently replied, "Why did you take them away? Why put them in chains and handcuffs? Why did you kill a brother and put them in prison? "(2) That guy was so angry that he raised a knife to stab Sun Yat-sen, and he tactfully dodged. From this incident, Sun Yat-sen realized that brutal soldiers can do whatever they want because they have power in their hands. So, who gave them the right to exercise violence?
These events deeply touched Sun Yat-sen in his childhood. He began to seriously think about such a question: can the old customs of our ancestors really not be changed?
The elders in the village were dumbfounded by this question put forward by Sun Yat-sen ... They taught the little boy a lesson in a threatening tone, saying: the rules of the ancestors were made by the emperor. The emperor's orders are supreme and cannot be changed. Change is resistance. As always, water is far from legal.
What is this! Obviously, it is extremely unreasonable, such as foot binding, slavery, concubinage and bribery. Why can't the emperor change? Should those unreasonable things be passed down from generation to generation? If the emperor's order is wrong, can it be opposed? A bold idea flashed through the young Sun Yat-sen's mind.