Mao Yisheng, the word Tang Chen. 1896 1.9 was born in Dantu County, Jiangsu Province (now Zhenjiang City). My ancestral home is Mao Qian, and my previous business life was full of people, progressive thoughts and revolutionary tendencies. He once founded Nanyang Official Newspaper, a celebrity in Zhenjiang. Shortly after Mao Yisheng was born, the whole family moved to Nanjing.
Mao Yisheng entered a private school at the age of 6, and at the age of 7, he entered the first new primary school in China, Siyi School, founded by Nanjing 1903. 1905 entered Jiangnan Business School, 19 1 was admitted to Tangshan Road and Mine School. 19 12, Dr. Sun Yat-sen pointed out the importance of mining and repairing railways, and strengthened the road of "saving the country by science" and "building the country by engineering" in Mao Yisheng. From then on, he studied harder and regarded building the motherland as his own responsibility. The result of each exam is the first in the class, and the average score of each subject in five years is 92.5, which is rare in the history of this school. 19 16 Mao Yisheng passed the postgraduate entrance examination of Cornell university in the United States, and his excellent performance surprised and admired the professors of the school. One year later, at the graduation ceremony, the principal announced on the spot that all graduate students of Tangshan Institute of Technology (formerly Tangshan Road and Mine School) were exempted from the examination, and Mao Yisheng won a great reputation for his alma mater abroad. 19 17, with a master's degree. On the recommendation of H S Jacoby, I worked as an intern in Pittsburgh Bridge Company, and at the same time spent my spare time studying for a doctorate in engineering at night school of Kalicky Institute of Technology. 19 19 became the first doctor of engineering in the school. The creation of the doctoral thesis "Secondary Stress of Bridge Truss" is called "Mao's Law", and it won the gold medal of Cornell University's "Fetis" research. 1979 When he was invited to visit the alma mater of Kalicky Mellon University, the president awarded him the "Outstanding Alumni" medal in recognition of his contribution to world engineering technology.
From 65438 to 0920, Mao Yisheng was invited back to his alma mater as a professor at the age of 24. He was the youngest engineering professor in China. Since then, engineering education has started for more than 30 years. The following year, he served as vice president (vice president) of Tangshan College of Jiaotong University. 1922 was employed as a professor at Southeast University in July. 1923, the school was founded, the first engineering director. 1924, the School of Engineering of Southeast University merged with Hehai Engineering College to form Hehai Engineering University, with Mao Yisheng as the first president. 1926, Professor of Beiyang University. 65438-0928 Dean of the Second Institute of Technology of Beiping University (namely Beiyang Institute of Technology). 1930, Director of Water Resources of Jiangsu Province, presided over the planning of Xiangshan New Port. 1932 returned to teach at Beiyang University. During his tenure as principal, he made great improvements in school management, teaching system, course facilities and teaching equipment, which made the school full of vitality and prosperity, and was deeply supported and loved by teachers and students.
Mao Yisheng served as the president of Tangshan Jiaotong University for five times, and always cared about the rise and fall of his alma mater, winning honors and achievements for his alma mater. 199 1 year, Southwest Jiaotong University (Tangshan Railway Institute moved to Sichuan Southwest Jiaotong University after the Cultural Revolution) erected a bronze statue of Mao Yisheng as a permanent memorial.
Mao Yisheng initiated the heuristic teaching method of "students test teachers", devoted himself to education reform all his life, published more than 20 papers such as "Research on Engineering Education", advocated "learning before learning, learning while learning", and combined theory with the reality of the education system.
Since choosing the major of bridge, Mao Yisheng has made it his lifelong goal to train bridge construction talents and build bridges on the rivers of the motherland. 1933 resigned as Professor Anyi and accepted the invitation of Zhejiang Province to be the chairman of the Qiantang River Bridge Engineering Committee and the head of the Qiantang River Bridge Engineering Department. In less than two and a half years, Mao Yisheng overcame many difficulties in1937165438+10 to build the Qiantang River Bridge, which broke the situation that foreigners monopolized the design and construction of modern bridges in China. This is a great achievement and milestone in the history of Chinese bridge construction. 194 1 year, China Institution of Engineers awarded Mao Yisheng the Medal of Honor in recognition of his achievements in bridge construction.
65438-0942, went to Guiyang as the director of bridge design and engineering department, and set up China Bridge Corporation. Focusing on the future, he recruited colleagues from Qiantang River Bridge Engineering Office and engineers and technicians who are interested in further study into the bridge company, and trained them to become the technical backbone of bridge construction.
Mao Yisheng is well aware of the importance of scientific and technological progress for national construction. 1950 accepted the post of president (later president) of Railway Technical College. At this time, although he was over 500 years old, he still started the railway research institute with extraordinary energy and efforts. After 32 years' efforts, the Institute has developed into a comprehensive research institution with complete specialties and strong strength, which has made outstanding contributions to the development of railway science and technology. He is the founder of the Institute of Railway Science and the pioneer of railway science research. He has always advocated integrating theory with practice, emphasizing continuing education, advocating special economic accounting, and supporting new things in scientific research leadership.
Mao Yisheng worked hard all his life, constantly researching and innovating. Combined with the design and construction of Qiantang River Bridge, he and engineers studied "the relationship between quicksand and scour", "how to bury the pile head deep into the river bottom", "how to stabilize the caisson on the inclined rock stratum" and "the properties of alloy and chromium steel bars", and studied the basic concepts in mechanics and ancient bridges. His skills, experience and wisdom played a key role in the construction of Wuhan Yangtze River Bridge and the structural design and approval of the Great Hall of the People. During the Cultural Revolution, all the work could not be carried out normally. At the age of 70, he continued to study and studied tirelessly. During this period, at the request of the chief engineer of the Bridge Bureau, he studied the vibration of the bridge, which relieved people's confusion that the Wuhan Yangtze River Bridge would shake when a large number of people passed by.
Mao Yisheng was one of the earliest scientists engaged in popular science. 1950 the all-China association for popularizing science and technology was established, and he was elected as the vice chairman. He is the most diligent popular science writer. Among his more than 200 published works, works and articles on popular science work account for about 1/3. His article "There is no bridge that can't be built" won the first prize of the National New Long March Scientific Creation in 198 1.
In order to strengthen international scientific and technological exchanges and enhance China's international prestige, he led a delegation to visit Czech Republic, Soviet Union, Italy, Switzerland, France, Portugal, Britain, Sweden, Japan and the United States, and gave academic reports. He made great efforts to unite overseas Chinese intellectuals and called on scientific and technological workers on both sides of the strait to build an approach bridge for the reunification of the motherland, which greatly inspired overseas Chinese and compatriots in Hong Kong and Taiwan.
He actively participated in the construction of people's political power, successively served as a deputy to the National People's Congress and a member of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress, and was elected as the vice chairman of the CPPCC with 1984. He has served as a member of the State Council Science and Technology Planning Committee, deputy director of Science and Technology Department of China Academy of Sciences, vice chairman of China Association for Science and Technology, vice chairman of National Association for Science Popularization, chairman of Beijing Branch of All-China Federation of Natural Science Professional Societies, chairman of Beijing Association for Science and Technology, and chairman of China Science and Technology Newspaper Research Association. He is the main founder of china civil engineering society, and served as the chairman of the first, second and third Council, and honorary chairman of the fourth and fifth Council. He presided over the establishment of the Academic Committee of Soil Mechanics and Basic Engineering, and served as the chairman. The committee was contacted by Karl Terzaghi, a professor from Mao Yisheng, and was accepted as a group member by the International Soil Society, which made the soil mechanics field in China gain its due position in the world.
Mao Yisheng actively devoted himself to the cause of the Party's patriotic united front. 1952 joined the Jiu San Society and later served as the vice chairman of the Central Committee. It has made important contributions to the close contact between the party and scientific and technological workers and the progress and development of the Jiu San Society. Mao Yisheng has long been determined to fight for the cause of * * * for life. Due to the need of the party's United front work, it was not until 1987 that the party organization accepted his application and approved him as the producer party of party member and China. 92-year-old Mao Yisheng finally realized her long-cherished wish for many years.
He struggled and pursued all his life. As he summed up his life, the journey of life is "more rugged than flat, deep in Hong Tao, thanks to the bridge." . What's the name of this bridge? Struggle "He adhered to the scientific spirit of seeking truth from facts all his life, was rigorous in his studies, was good at independent thinking and was brave in pioneering and innovating; He is modest and prudent, approachable, strict with himself and tolerant of others; For decades, he devoted his energy, knowledge and wisdom after graduation to the education, science and technology and bridge construction of the motherland without reservation, and won the admiration and love of intellectuals. His lofty image will always be a model for scientific and technological workers in China.
Pioneer of Modern Bridges in China
1933 In March, Zhejiang Province decided to build a bridge over the Qiantang River to connect the railway and highway traffic in Zhejiang Province. Zeng Yangfu, director of Zhejiang Construction Bureau, Du Zhenyuan, director of zhejiang-jiangxi railway, and Chen Ticheng, director of Zhejiang Highway Bureau unanimously recommended Mao Yisheng to undertake this important task. He was very excited when the news came. Although faced with acute and complicated problems, such as whether the fund-raising could be successful, whether the larger bridges were built by foreigners at that time, whether the competition from foreigners could be defeated, and whether the bridge could be built on a dangerous river, he mustered up courage, overcame difficulties and began to lead the Qiantang River Bridge from preparation, design, construction, bridge explosion to repair.
Mao Yisheng was teaching at Beiyang University. He went to Hangzhou twice to inspect the feasibility of building a bridge over Qiantang River. The water, wind and soil of Qiantang River are unusual. When there is a flash flood in the upstream, the water is fast, and when there is a flood in the downstream, the waves are sinister. If the upper and lower levels are concurrent at the same time, or there is a typhoon, the river will churn and stir, and it will be unstoppable. The quicksand at the bottom of the river is more than 40 meters deep, which is unpredictable due to the scouring of water. The maximum change of brushing depth can reach more than10m. Mao Yisheng carefully studied and analyzed the hydrological, meteorological and geological data of Qiantang River. After investigation and consideration, he came to the conclusion that although it is extremely difficult, "the construction of Qiantang River Bridge can be successful from a scientific point of view as long as there are appropriate human and material resources". With great courage and confidence, he will display his ambition on Qiantang River and win glory for his country.
Mao Yisheng started from scratch as the chairman of the Qiantang River Bridge Engineering Committee, and began to prepare the preliminary work of the bridge construction scheme. The following year, the Zhejiang Provincial Government established the Qiantang River Bridge Engineering Office, with Mao Yisheng as the director. He invited Luo Ying as the chief engineer, hired four engineers, absorbed 29 young people who just graduated from university engineering, and formed the technical team of the Bridge Engineering Department.
Prior to this, Zhejiang Provincial Communications Department asked Walter, an American bridge expert and consultant of the Ministry of Railways, to put forward the design scheme of Qiantang River Bridge. Through research, it is considered that the whole bridge length of Wald scheme is 1.872 m, the main bridge is 29 holes, the two lines of highway and railway are parallel, the aperture is small, there are many piers, and the workload on the water is heavy, which is not suitable for the geological conditions of rivers and riverbeds, and the cost is too high. Mao Yisheng thought independently and designed six schemes for comparison. In the selection of engineering design scheme, Mao Yisheng's design scheme won the bid for its economic rationality.
The bridge site of the selected scheme is next to Pagoda of Six Harmonies at the gate. Its advantages are good geological conditions; The river surface is narrow, and then the river flow is restricted by dike regulation, so that the width of the river surface is reduced to 1000 meters; The mainstream is stable, and the waterway has not changed for more than 50 years since the bridge was built. The total length of the bridge is1.453m, and the main bridge is1.072m.. It consists of 1.6 simply supported steel truss with a span of 65.84 meters. The steel beam is made of Cr-Cu alloy steel with high strength, light weight and corrosion resistance. The 3-hole approach bridge on the north bank and the approach bridge on the south bank 1 hole are composed of 50m steel arch beams, reinforced concrete frames and platforms. The whole bridge is coordinated by Fiona Fang, with heavy colors, clear priorities and seamless integration. The whole bridge design scheme is obviously superior to Walder scheme in the following aspects: (1) the length of the whole bridge is reduced; The weight of the steel beam is reduced; Using double-layer structure, the length of pier is reduced by about half; When the pier distance is increased to 67 meters, the number of piers is reduced, and the underwater engineering quantity is sharply reduced, which shortens the construction period and greatly reduces the project cost; Equal span beam is adopted, which is easy to repair when damaged. The cost (final account) of the whole bridge is only 53 16400 yuan (legal tender).
In the construction, measures should be taken according to local conditions, such as using the water of Qiantang River to overcome the quicksand of Qiantang River and using tidal fluctuation to float and erect beams. In the construction organization, the new method of "one step at a time" was adopted to effectively organize five contracting companies to carry out foundation, pier and steel beam projects at the same time. As long as two adjacent piers are completed, cross beams can be erected, thus ensuring that the project can be completed ahead of schedule under difficult circumstances.
In the process of construction, he overcame difficulties, constantly improved construction technology and constantly innovated. For example, after failing to build docks and slideways, he successfully adopted horizontal rail transportation. After the caisson floated in place, due to the surge of flood and tidal surge, the anchor cable broke and was washed away many times. Later, the caisson was positioned with 10 ton concrete anchor, and the heavy anchor was buried in the sediment with high pressure water jet. The special pile delivery design makes the top burial depth of 30-meter-long wooden pile 10- 15 meters; The unique water jet piling method is adopted, so that the original piling every 24 hours 1-2 piles is increased to more than 20 piles; Put wooden rafts and gabions at the pier to prevent the caisson from moving and tilting; In addition, many special tools and equipment have been designed and manufactured, such as special piling boat, pile carrier, caisson lifting equipment, special support for steel beam floating, etc.
Since the beginning of 1937 in War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, this bridge has been in a strategic position related to national security. Mao Yisheng decided to organize the raid. Almost every day, he goes down to the pressure caisson of the bridge foundation to study measures with the staff. Through the efforts of all the staff, the train was completed on September 26th, and the bridge was declared completed. It took less than two and a half years to start construction from1April 6, 935. Unfortunately, the war situation deteriorated. On February 23rd of the same year 12, Mao Yisheng had to personally participate in the destruction of the bridge with tears in his eyes. It was not until 1953 that Mao Yisheng personally presided over the bridge restoration project that he was reborn.
Over the past 40 years since the founding of the People's Republic of China, this bridge has been the hub of north-south transportation, shouldering heavy transportation tasks and making great contributions to the construction of the motherland. Mao Yisheng has always been concerned about the operation, maintenance and repair of the bridge. After inspecting the bridge that has been in operation for nearly 50 years in 1984, he put forward the feasibility proposal for building the second Qiantang River Bridge to the central government.
The History of Railway Bridges in China commented on Qiantang River Bridge as follows: "In the 1930s, on the Qiantang River with complex natural conditions, under the condition of underdeveloped construction technology at that time, it took China engineers less than three years to build a double-deck highway-railway bridge with a foundation depth of 47.8 meters, which was a great achievement in the history of railway bridges in old China and a milestone in the history of railway bridges in China."
Cultivate and bring up a group of bridge engineering science and technology talents.
When the Qiantang River Bridge was built, Mao Yisheng made up his mind to let the bridge technical team be trained and strengthened in the construction of Qiantang River Bridge, and let them build various bridges on the rivers of the motherland. To this end, he turned the Qiantang River Bridge site into a school for training bridge technicians. In order to train more future bridge-building teams for our country, during the period of bridge construction, before the summer vacation every year, we also sent letters to domestic engineering colleges, asking them to send 80 junior students to visit the construction site for two months, with/kloc-0.2 hours of class hours every day, and the rest time will be assigned to various construction sites for internship. The Bridge Engineering Office not only provides accommodation and warm reception, but also appoints special personnel to explain and coach. Mao Yisheng personally took time out of his busy schedule to give them a lecture. This pioneering work was warmly welcomed by the university.
In order to train the team, the Qiantang River Bridge Engineering Office also accepted some other bridge design tasks, such as the "623" bridge in Guangzhou; Investigation, drilling and preliminary design of Xiadou Wulongjiang Bridge in Fujian Province: During the period of 1936, drilling and site comparison were carried out to build Wuhan Yangtze River Bridge, and the bridge construction scheme was formulated. After War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression's victory, he put forward the "Wuhan Bridge Plan Draft". Although these works have no results due to lack of funds, they have cultivated talents and provided useful information for future bridge builders.
194 1 after Tangshan jiaotong university resumed normal teaching, he once again gave way to a new field of work and became the director of the bridge design and engineering department of the Ministry of communications, and began planning to repair railways and build bridges after the victory of the anti-Japanese war. During the period of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, life was hard, and many engineers and technicians who were interested in building bridges could not make a living. He set up a bridge company, and concentrated these technicians and some employees of the former Qiantang River Bridge Engineering Office in the bridge company. At that time, although there were no bridge design and construction projects, he organized them to study, study the design and construction of bridges, arrange standard design series of bridges, collect reference materials, and work out plans for Wuhan Yangtze River Bridge, Shanghai River Crossing Project and repairing damaged bridges. From 65438 to 0946, on behalf of Shanghai River Crossing Engineering Committee, Mao Yisheng put forward the Research Report on Shanghai River Crossing Engineering, and then undertook some bridge restoration projects, including the design and construction of the formal restoration of Qiantang River Bridge. Although these works are unprofitable, they have cultivated talents who can master new technologies and have important strategic significance for the construction of the motherland.
Regardless of the blame, Mao Yisheng sent people to run the business and used their income as the living expenses of these employees. During the period of 1944, the economy of Daqiao Company was very difficult and it was on the verge of bankruptcy. Mao Yisheng plans for the future, focusing on training talents, and resolutely sends a large number of personnel to the United States for internships. Family members of overseas personnel are paid according to their wages until they return home. These students studying in the United States have their own specialties and gained a lot. After returning home, most of them have become the precursors and backbones of large-scale bridge construction in the motherland and played an important role in the construction of the motherland.
Committed to engineering education, advocating educational revolution and carefully cultivating scientific and technological talents.
From 65438 to 0920, about 30 years ago, Mao Yisheng devoted a lot of efforts to the education front. He has served as the president of Southeast University, Hehai Institute of Engineering, Beiyang University, Tangshan Institute of Technology and many other universities. He started his own business and made great achievements. He is a famous professor and an outstanding educator.
During his tenure in various schools, Mao Yisheng personally inquired about school management, school system, curriculum, teaching equipment, scientific research, academic activities, teaching style, student work, campus management, etc., and made significant improvements.
In his teaching work, he is rigorous in his studies, seeking truth from facts, and is famous for his seriousness, strictness and tireless teaching. In teaching, we should pay attention to clear concepts, strict logic and simple explanation, explain theoretical concepts with examples according to students' knowledge level, and clarify the practical significance of each theoretical principle, so that students can thoroughly understand and master it. Communicate with students after class, give full guidance, solicit opinions and improve teaching.
He constantly studies and improves teaching methods. He believes that the responsibility of teachers is not only to teach, but more importantly to cultivate students' habits and abilities of autonomous learning and research. He opposes the perfusion teaching that regards students as "recipients" and implements heuristic teaching to make students become "subjects". According to his academic experience, he asked students to "study and remember extensively, think and ask more questions, learn from the rules and persevere". His unique teaching method is to test students through Gao. Before each class 10 minutes, assign a student to ask a difficult question about the previous class. From the depth of students' questions, we can know whether they have studied, discussed and understood the course in depth. If the question is well asked, or the teacher can't answer it in class, give full marks. If there are no questions to ask, another student will ask questions and the former student will answer them. After the implementation of this method, students have changed from passive learning to active learning, their learning ideas are extremely active, and their learning has made great progress, which is very popular among students. At the same time, students' questions can inspire teachers and play a role in learning from each other. Mr. Tao Xingzhi, a famous educator, personally led the students majoring in educational science to attend Mao Yisheng's class and spoke highly of his teaching methods. He believes that "this is indeed a brand-new teaching revolution and a precedent for education in China, which is worth popularizing".
Mao Yisheng thinks that the disadvantages of the old education are that theory is divorced from reality, generalists are divorced from professionals, science is divorced from production, the quality of theoretical education is pursued unilaterally, and the quantity of talents is seriously ignored. 1926 published the paper "Research on Engineering Education" in Journal of 30th Anniversary of Shanghai Jiaotong University and Journal of Engineering, criticizing the educational system in which European and American theories are divorced from reality, and calling for the establishment of an educational system suitable for the current situation in China. It is advocated that "engineering should be given first, then theoretical science, and the current procedure should be completely reversed". And from the academic system, enrollment, courses, assessment, teaching, practice, service and other aspects. Put forward a breakthrough and established reform plan. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, he thought that education revolution should be carried out to train talents for the new society. From 1949 to 1950, he wrote monographs such as "learning liberation education and engineering education", emphasizing that according to the law of human cognition, we should start with perceptual knowledge and then impart rational knowledge, so that students can "know what they are" first and then gradually achieve the goal of "knowing what they are", thus combining theory with practice and science with production.
In addition, he also stressed that efforts should be made to improve the cultural and scientific level of the whole nation, devote himself to popular science work, and attach importance to amateur education and continuing education of scientific and technological personnel. He attached importance to education and training talents, and persisted for decades until the last moment of his life.
Pioneer of soil mechanics in China
In 1930s, the international research on soil mechanics just started. During the construction of Qiantang River Bridge, Mao Yisheng encountered some phenomena, such as sinking piles can't be driven down and open caisson is skewed. After studying the quicksand of Qiantang River, he felt that soil mechanics was an urgent research topic at present, and immediately began to study hard and soon mastered this new subject. He has unique views on the problems existing in Coulomb's classical earth pressure theory, and often communicates with Professor Karl Terzaghi, the founder of the International Society of Soil Mechanics and Basic Engineering. 1938- 194 1 was the first person in China to teach soil mechanics. At the same time, he made academic reports such as "Stress on Retaining Wall" to all teachers and students. 1940, he and his brother donated money together, and asked the China Institution of Engineers to set up the "Stone Canal Award" to reward outstanding members who studied soil mechanics. 1948, China Society of Soil Mechanics and Basic Engineering was launched in Shanghai. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, the basic construction work has been carried out in an all-round way, facing many complex foundation problems, and talents and technologies in soil mechanics and basic engineering are urgently needed. At this time, Mao Yisheng thought that every effort should be made to popularize and improve the knowledge of soil mechanics. On 1952, he organized and established a soil mechanics group in china civil engineering society to hold academic exchanges and popularization lectures on soil mechanics. Under his initiative, this academic activity of soil mechanics gradually spread to Tianjin, Shanghai and Nanjing. From 65438 to 0957, Mao Yisheng presided over the establishment of the National Academic Committee of Soil Mechanics and Basic Engineering, and became a member of the International Soil Society. In the same year, he attended the 4th International Symposium on Soil Mechanics and Basic Engineering held in London on behalf of China Soil Mechanics Society, which made China soil mechanics community gain its due position in the world. Over the past decades, the science and technology of soil mechanics and basic engineering in China have been significantly improved and developed, which is inseparable from Mao Yisheng's long-term leadership and care. He has made indelible contributions to the development and progress of this science and technology in China.
Founder of Railway Research Institute, pioneer of railway science and technology.
Mao Yisheng served as the president of the Institute of Railway Science for 32 years. 1950, when he was appointed as the director of the institute of railway technology (later changed to the institute), the institute had only 60 people and four research groups, and could only do some experimental work. He doesn't care about the size of the unit or the position. What he considers is that in order to develop railway transportation, it is necessary to develop railway science and technology. Railway science is a comprehensive "technical science" with extremely complex content and profound theory, and it is a field that needs to be explored and developed. On the one hand, he personally presided over the hospital affairs, on the other hand, based on the research institute, he studied the principles of scientific management and scientific research, and the relationship between railway construction and railway scientific research in China, which further developed the idea of combining education, production and scientific research. During this period, combined with the problems encountered in scientific research management, more than 20 papers and articles were published, such as Organization and System of Scientific Research, Prospect of Railway Scientific Research in China, which expounded the relationship between science and production, and the relationship between basic science, technical science (applied science) and production technology. He believes that "technical science is a bridge between basic science and production specialty", and the task of research institutions in industrial departments is to theorize technical experience and apply discipline theory. "Production technology is the practice of technical science, and experimental technology is the practice of basic science and technical science. For production, experimental technology is the forerunner of production technology, and sometimes production technology also has the nature of experimental technology, which is the production of' intermediate factory'. It is pointed out that production technology needs the comprehensive theory of disciplines in comprehensive technical science.
First of all, he affirmed that the Institute of Railway Science is mainly engaged in technical research, and he clearly put forward: "Railway research should of course serve railway transportation, that is, it has the main responsibility to solve technical problems in improving railway transportation efficiency." In view of the comprehensive characteristics of railway technology, he stressed that the Institute of Railway Science should also be a comprehensive research institution with complete railway specialties.
Mao Yisheng's thought of running a hospital always runs through the red line of integrating theory with practice and scientific research serving production. Participated in the formulation of 1956, 1963, 1977 railway scientific research work vision plans, all of which are "aiming at the technical key of transportation production and construction, selecting major, comprehensive, long-term and theoretical topics in railway development, introducing and digesting foreign advanced technologies, and solving various scientific and technological problems in realizing railway modernization."
When compiling the railway science and technology development plan from 65438 to 0956, he stood at the height of railway science and technology development and stressed that all scientific research forces in the railway system should be formed into a national scientific research network of different categories and sizes, and the railway research institute should be regarded as the component and core of the whole railway scientific research force and the national scientific research network.
He advocated that "production comes from production, production goes, and science serves production", and scientific research topics should be combined with the needs of transportation production, emphasizing that scientific research achievements should be applied to production as soon as possible, and demanding that "research should be strengthened, intermediate experiments should be arranged, and scientific research achievements should be reviewed, identified and popularized in time to form transportation productivity". He advocated economic accounting for disciplines, and believed that only through economic accounting can we reflect the characteristics of low input and high output in scientific research and further clarify the important role of science and technology in national economic development.
As early as the early 1960s, he faced the reality of rapid development of science and technology and emphasized the importance of continuing education for employees and postgraduate training. Organize all kinds of professional training courses, establish the entrance examination system and tutorial system for college students, and make targeted remedial classes and training for them. Redology University, Polytechnic and Education Center (graduate department) have been established in the hospital. The Institute of Railway Science is the first unit approved by the State Council with the right to confer master's and doctor's degrees. Mao Yisheng, 80 years old, enrolls graduate students by herself.
Mao Yisheng has served as the director of all academic committees of the Railway Research Institute. After leaving office, he also served as honorary director of the academic Committee of the institute. He advocated academic democracy and academic contention.
Under the leadership of Mao Yisheng, the Institute of Railway Science had 3,532 employees by 1980, including scientific and technical personnel 1827; There are 10 research institute, 1 experimental factory and 1 ring railway test section in the hospital. Over the past 30 years, * * * has achieved more than 800 research results, of which about 60% have played a role in railway transportation production and construction. The Institute of Railway Science has now built a railway science and technology research and test center with considerable scale.