Basic Introduction Translator: Chen Tiemei/et al. ISBN :9787502702809 Page: 392 Pricing: 18.90 Publishing House: Ocean Publishing House Publishing Time: 199 1-07 Binding: Paperback Content Introduction, Working Directory, Uranium (235U, 2337) The destruction and reconstruction of radioactive balance among members of uranium series are all over the natural environment. This book was written by 19 influential foreign scholars in this field. Chapter *** 19 of the book systematically introduces the theory, experimental methods and techniques of uranium series imbalance, summarizes the application of uranium series imbalance method in geology, oceanography, hydrology, geochemistry, isotope chronology, archaeology and environmental science in recent 30 years, and looks forward to the development prospect of this field. This book can be used as a reference for researchers in the above disciplines and teachers and students in colleges and universities. The first chapter of the catalogue of works is radioactive phenomenon.
1. 1 Introduction to Nuclear Physics
1.2 nuclear stability limit
1.3 radioactive disintegration type
1.3. 1 a decay
1.3.2 β decay
1.3.3 γ -ray emission
Radioactive decay law of 1.4
1.5 radioactive decay system
Chapter II Geochemistry of Actinides and Their Subelements
2. 1 Introduction
2. 1. 1 attribute of the element
2. 1.2 Comprehensive general chemical properties and geochemistry
2. 1.3 Influence of weathering
2.2 Sources of Actinides
2.2. 1 igneous rock
2.2.2 Sedimentary rocks and quasi-sedimentary rocks
2.2.3 Modern sediments
hydrosphere
deposit
2.3 geochemical cycle
Mobilization and treatment in solution
2.3.2 Mobilization and treatment of particulate matter
2.3.3 Gas phase activation and treatment
2.4 Deposition process in near-surface environment
2. 1.4 Inorganic deposition and biological deposition
adsorbing
deposition
2.5 Influence of age effect and diagenesis on isotope imbalance
2.5. 1 uranium isotope fractionation
2.5.2 Natural variation of radioactivity ratio
2.5.3 Fractionation of other actinides and their sub-elements.
Chapter III Application of Uranium Series Unbalanced Casing in Geochronology
3. 1 Radioactivity Dating
3.2 Uranium series unbalanced dating method
3.3 Dating method based on U-series daughter accumulation
3. 3. 1 230/234 u dating method
3.3.2 23 1Pa/235U dating method
3.3.3 Helium/uranium dating method
3.4 Dating method based on the decay of residual uranium series daughters
3.4. 1 234U/238U dating method
3.4.2 Over-dating method for the 30th issue.
3.4.3 23 1Pa over-dating method
3.4.4 230th/232nd Dating Method
3.4.5 231pa/230s dating method
3.4.6 Article 234 Dating Method
3.4.7 The 238th/232nd Dating Method
3.4.8 2 10Pb dating method
3.5 suitability criteria for dating
3.6 drilling cuttings pollution correction technology
3.7 open system dating method
Chapter IV Chemical Process
4. 1 Introduction
4. 1. 1 preconcentration or extraction
4. 1.2 separation process
4. 1.3 Preparation of radioactive sources
4.2 Comprehensive evaluation of analytical separation technologies for uranium-thorium-phosphorus, radium, radon, lead and polonium.
4.2. 1 uranium
thorium
praseodymium (Pr)
radium (Ra)
ammonia
leader
polonium
4.3 Sample Preparation and Pretreatment
4.3. 1 homologous sample
Liquid sample
4.4 published meThod for determination of u, th, Pb, Po, Pa, Ra, Rn and he in environmental samples.
4.5 Preparation of radioactive sources
4.5. 1 a spectrometer source
4.5.2 Total α and β Counting Sources
Mass spectrometry source
4.6 Summary
Chapter V Nuclear Energy Spectrum Technology
5. 1 Interaction between nuclear radiation and matter
5.2 Detection of Nuclear Radiation
5.2. 1 nuclear radiation detector
ancillary equipment
5.3 Radionuclide detection and measurement methods
5.3. 1 energy spectrum measurement
β energy spectrum measurement
5.3.3 γ -ray spectrum measurement
5.3.4 Other methods for analyzing radionuclides
5.4 Nuclear Statistics and Data Processing
5.5 Measurement of Uranium Series Imbalance
5.5. 1 uranium content and radioactivity ratio are 234U/238U, 230t/34U and 20t/232t.
5.5.2 Measurement of radioactivity ratio 5.5.2 23 1Pa/235U
5.5.3 measurement of ra and Rn
5.5.4 measurement of pbbi and Po
Chapter VI Igneous Rock
6. 1 concentration of radioactive elements in igneous rocks
6.2 Distribution of Uranium and Thorium
6.3 Chemical Properties of Uranium and Thorium in Igneous Environment
6.4 Geochronology
6.4. 1 Introduction
6.4.2 Theory
6.4.3 Example
6.5 Study on Tracer
6.5. 1 Introduction
6.5.2 Theory
6.5.3 Example
Chapter VII Activation and Weathering
7. 1 Introduction
7.2 Activity and Leaching Experiment
7.3 Alteration and Weathering 2
7.3. 1 Early weathering
Surface weathering
Chapter VIII Chemistry of Uranium-series and Thorium-series Nuclides in Rivers
8. 1 Introduction
8.2 Uranium
Uranium in river water
8.2.2 Uranium in Estuary Waters
8.2.3 Uranium in river sediments
8.3 Thorium and Praseodymium
8.4 Radium
8.5 lead -2 10
Chapter IX Groundwater
9. 1 background and theory
9. 1. 1 Introduction
9. 1.2 water cycle fractionation
9. 1.3 activator
9. 1.4 Radioisotope evolution and aquifer classification
9. 1.5 aquifer imbalance and geochemical front
9.2 Case study
9.2. 1 Introduction
Conservative state
Non-conservative state
9.3 sets are used to determine the age of groundwater.
9.3. 1 General requirements
Radon and helium
Isotopes of radium
9.3.4 uranium isotope
Chapter X Continental Surface Sediments
10. 1 Introduction
10.2 surface carbonate sediments
10.2. 1 Possibility of formation and dating of various authigenic carbonates.
An example of 10.2.2 uranium series method for determining carbonate age in surface sediments.
10.3 sediments and soil
Behavior of 10.3. 1 U in sediments
10.3.2 uranium trend model dating method
Chapter II XI Carbonate and Sulfate Deposition
1 1. 1 carbonate and sulfate precipitation in groundwater and surface water
1 1.2 uranium and thorium geochemistry of freshwater carbonates and sulfates
Cave sediments 1 1.3 uranium series dating
1 1.3. 1 physical properties of cave sediments
1 1.3.2 analysis technology
1 1.3.3 Early research
1 1.3.4 Recent Works
1 1.4 uranium dating of travertine and hydrate
1 1.5 Lake sediments
1 1.5. 1 Physical properties of sediments
8.2.3 Uranium in river sediments
8.3 Thorium and Praseodymium
8.4 Radium
8.5 lead -2 10
Chapter IX Groundwater
9. 1 background and theory
9. 1. 1 Introduction
9. 1.2 water cycle fractionation
9. 1.3 activator
9. 1.4 Radioisotope evolution and aquifer classification
9. 1.5 aquifer imbalance and geochemical front
9.2 Case study
9.2. 1 Introduction
Conservative state
Non-conservative state
9.3 sets are used to determine the age of groundwater.
9.3. 1 General requirements
Radon and helium
Isotopes of radium
9.3.4 uranium isotope
Chapter X Continental Surface Sediments
10. 1 Introduction
10.2 surface carbonate sediments
10.2. 1 Possibility of formation and dating of various authigenic carbonates.
An example of 10.2.2 uranium series method for determining carbonate age in surface sediments.
10.3 sediments and soil
Behavior of 10.3. 1 U in sediments
10.3.2 uranium trend model dating method
Chapter II XI Carbonate and Sulfate Deposition
1 1. 1 carbonate and sulfate precipitation in groundwater and surface water
1 1.2 uranium and thorium geochemistry of freshwater carbonates and sulfates
Cave sediments 1 1.3 uranium series dating
1 1.3. 1 physical properties of cave sediments
1 1.3.2 analysis technology
1 1.3.3 Early research
1 1.3.4 Recent Works
1 1.4 uranium dating of travertine and hydrate
1 1.5 Lake sediments
1 1.5. 1 Physical properties of sediments
1 1.5.2 analysis technology
Previous works 1 1.5.3
1 1.6 summary and conclusion
Chapter XII Application of Uranium Dating Method in Archaeology
12. 1 introduction: the absolute time scale of human evolution
12.2 is suitable for dating archaeological samples of uranium series method.
12.2. 1 inorganic calcium carbonate deposition
12.2.2 biological source samples
12.3 Appointment Steps and Scope
12.3. 1 travertine (including cave carbonate sediments, water stone, spring flowers, etc. )
12.3.2 biocarbonate
12.3.3 bones and teeth
12.3.4 Other criteria
12.4 application
12.4. 1 travertine
mollusc
12.4.3 skeleton
12.5 future work
Chapter XIII Application of Uranium Dating Method in Quaternary Climate Problems
13. 1 Introduction
13.2 nature of paleoclimate records
13.2. 1 maritime record
13.2.2 mainland records
13.3 examples of dating continental sediments with climatic significance
1.3. 1 lake sediments
13.3.2 spring sediments
13.3.3 Cave carbonate sediments
13.3.4 carbonate during soil formation
13.3.5 organic sediments
13.4 summary and conclusion
Chapter XIV Uranium Exploration
14. 1 Introduction
/kloc-classification of 0/4.2u deposits
Determination of uranium source rocks by 14.3 unbalanced method
14.4 uranium exploration
14.4. 1 238U and 235U in uranium exploration
14.4.2 234U in uranium exploration
14.4.3 No.230th uranium exploration
14.4.4 226Ra in uranium exploration
14.4.5 22Rn in uranium exploration
14.4.6 2 14Bi in uranium exploration
14.4.7 2 10Pb and 2 10Po in uranium exploration.
14.4.8 stable nuclides (4He and 206Pb) in uranium exploration.
14.5 uranium series imbalance and environmental safety issues
14.6 conclusion
Chapter XV Marine Chemistry of Uranium-series and Thorium-series Nuclides
15. 1 Introduction
15. 1. 1 Import and export of uranium and thorium nuclides in the ocean.
15.2 uranium
15.2. 1 uranium input into the ocean
15.2.2 uranium in offshore waters
15.2.3 uranium in the ocean
Uranium in pore water of sediments
15.2.5 migration of uranium from the ocean
15.2.6 source and migration of 236U in the ocean
15.3 thorium
Removal of Thorium from Deep Sea
Balance 15.3.2 No.230th and No.231pa
15.3.3 thorium migration from offshore and surface seawater
15.4 radium
1 radium 226
15.4.2 radium 228
15.5 radon
15.5. 1 radon in surface seawater
15.5.2 222Rn is used as a tracer for vertical mixing near the bottom.
15.6 Pb-2 10
15.6. 1 2 10Pb replenishment in the ocean
Distribution of 2 10Pb in surface seawater
Behavior of 15. 6. 3 2 10Pb in deep sea
15.7 ? -2 10
Chapter 16 Sediments and Deposition Process
16. 1 Introduction and history
16.2 sediments and pore water? Concentration and distribution of series nuclides
1 uranium
Thorium and praseodymium
16.2.3 Radium
16.2.4 radon
16.2.5 lead
16.3 dating of sediment accumulation and mixing
16.3. 1 deep-sea sediment accumulation rate (230,231pa)
16.3.2 Growth rate of manganese nodules
16.3.3 shallow sea sediments
16.4 as the source and migration site of actinides.
Chapter XVII Carbonate and Phosphate Deposits
17. 1 Introduction
17.2 u series dating of marine carbonate
coral
mollusc
17.2.3 application
U-series dating of 17.3 phosphorite
Geochemical considerations
17.3.2 marine phospholimestone
17.3.3 island phosphorite
The meaning of geology and oceanography
Chapter 18 Sea Level History of Late Pleistocene
18. 1 Introduction
18.2 dating technique of coral fossils
18.3 substances used for date determination
18.4 coral fossil age
18.5 research example
Barbados, West Indies
18.5.2 huhne peninsula, new guinea
18.5.3 Ryukyu islands, Japan
New hebrides and Loyalty.
Timor and atauro island.
18.5.6 Bahamas
18.5.7 Bermuda
18.5.8 Oahu, Hawaii
Jamaica
18.5. 10 Western Australia
18.5. 1 1
18.5. 12 southern California
18.5. 13 American Atlantic coastal plain
Yucatan Peninsula and South Caribbean Sea
18.5. 15 Tonga Island Arc
18.5. 16 Comprehensive analysis of research cases
18.6 uranium series technology popularization
Late Pleistocene 18.7 sea level curve
The influence of 18.8 on Pleistocene theory
Chapter 19 Progress and Prospect
19. 1 Introduction
19.2 geochronology study
19.3 tracer study
Derivation of radioactivity-age equations of appendix I 234 u/238 u and 230t/234 u
An example of determining counting error in Appendix II
Appendix III UTAGE-3 computer program for calculating the age of 230/234 u
Appendix IV computer program for calculating the age of 23 1Pa/235U by measuring the 27th century method.
Appendix V Equation of uranium trend model
refer to