Lesson 2 Our Obligations
Lesson 6 Lifelong Beneficial Right
Lesson 8 Consumer Rights and Interests
The teacher also gave us knowledge points to review the following knowledge points in the second volume of eighth grade politics.
(for final review)
First unit
1, China's national character (p4)
China is a socialist country under the people's democratic dictatorship led by the working class and based on the alliance of workers and peasants.
2. At present, the population in China includes (p4)
Workers, peasants, intellectuals and other socialist laborers, builders of the socialist cause, patriots who support socialism and patriots who support the reunification of the motherland.
Please note that China citizens who do not belong to the people of China are:
Criminals deprived of political rights
② Foreigners with China nationality.
(3) people who split the country.
(4) Hostile forces and hostile elements who are hostile to and undermine the socialist system.
People are the masters of the country and society. (p4)
(Performance of master status: equal enjoyment of state and social affairs)
4. What is civil rights? What are the basic rights of citizens? (p5)
Civil rights refer to certain rights and interests recognized and granted to citizens by the Constitution and laws.
Because the civil rights stipulated in the constitution are the most important and basic rights of citizens, they are called the basic rights of citizens.
5. What are the similarities and differences between people and citizens? Who are our citizens? (Page 6)
People is a political concept, which has different class contents in different countries and different historical periods of the same country.
Citizen is a legal concept, which refers to a person who has the nationality of a country and enjoys rights and obligations according to the constitution and laws of that country.
China citizen: You must have China nationality to be considered as a citizen of China. (Some super-born China people don't have China nationality and can't be considered as China citizens. )
6. How are the rights of China citizens guaranteed (p7)?
China has established a rights protection system with the Constitution as the core and legislative and judicial guarantees as the main contents to protect citizens' rights.
Legislative guarantee: it is to confirm the rights of citizens in the form of law and safeguard them with the coercive power of the state.
Judicial guarantee: it refers to punishing all kinds of infringement by law and protecting citizens' rights.
7. What are the basic rights of China citizens? (p9)
The basic rights of citizens involve politics, economy, culture and other fields, covering family life, school life, social life and many other aspects. Specifically, it includes: ① the right to equality; ② Political rights and freedoms; ③ Freedom of religious belief; (4) personal freedom; ⑨ ...
Constitution is the confirmation and guarantee of citizens' basic rights. )
8. Should citizens exercise their rights correctly in this way? (p 10 - 1 1)
Citizens should respect the rights of others when exercising their rights.
(2) When exercising their rights, citizens shall not harm the interests of the state, society and the collective.
(3) Exercise rights within the scope permitted by law.
(4) exercising rights according to law.
9. How to exercise the right to freedom of speech (P 1 1 page)
First of all, citizens should not use freedom of speech to insult or slander others.
Second, citizens are not allowed to use freedom of speech to instigate or incite others to commit acts that endanger national security, undermine national unity, corrupt social morality and disrupt social order.
10, citizens' obligations are divided into legal obligations and moral obligations. What is a legal obligation? What are the basic obligations of China citizens stipulated in the Constitution? (p 16)
The citizen's obligation stipulated in our constitution is a legal obligation and a basic obligation of our citizens. Statutory obligations refer to the obligations that citizens must fulfill as stipulated by the Constitution and laws. (The specific content is marked in the textbook, ***6)
1 1. What is moral obligation? What is the function of moral obligation? What are the basic moral standards that China citizens must abide by? (p 17)
It means that social members consciously and voluntarily assume moral responsibilities to others and society in accordance with social ethics. Patriotism and law-abiding, courtesy and honesty, unity and friendship, diligence and self-improvement, dedication and dedication.
12. Why do citizens have to fulfill their obligations while enjoying their rights? (Page 14- 15)
We can't get it without paying, and we can't just enjoy the rights without fulfilling the obligations. We must fulfill our legal obligations, because this is stipulated by the Constitution and laws. In our country, the rights and obligations of citizens are the same. Each of us is not only the subject of enjoying rights, but also the subject of fulfilling obligations.
13. What is the relationship between China law and socialist morality? (p 19.d 1)
China's law and socialist morality cooperate with each other, promote each other and complement each other. All acts prohibited by law are condemned by socialist morality; There are many legal obligations, which are also the requirements of socialist morality.
14, how to faithfully perform obligations?
We actively do what the law encourages us to do.
We must do it according to the requirements of the law.
We are determined not to do what is forbidden by law.
Second unit
1. What is the right of personality? (page 25)
Personality right is the right to be a man.
2. What does the personality right contain? What are their characteristics? (page 25)
(1) material personality right (right to life and health)
(2) the right of spiritual personality (freedom, name, portrait, reputation and privacy)
3. What is the primary personality right? (p25d.2)
Among the citizens' personality rights, the right to life and health occupies the primary position.
4. Characteristics of personality right (P24,25)
Personality right is the premise for people to connect themselves with society and have various contacts and exchanges with others.
(2) The right of personality is accompanied by life, and it has been with us since birth.
(3) It is enjoyed by everyone alone, and cannot be transferred, abandoned or inherited, nor can it be illegally restricted by others, nor can it be divorced from our personal life.
5. What does the right to personal freedom include? (page 26)
Answer: ① Within the scope permitted by law, the person and will of citizens are completely at their own disposal.
(2) citizens' bodies shall not be searched illegally.
(3) Citizens' bodies are not illegally restricted.
(4) Citizens' bodies shall not be illegally detained.
6. What are the special protections for minors in China's laws? (p26.d2)
A: ① Chinese laws prohibit maltreatment and abandonment of minors, and prohibit infant drowning and abandonment.
(2) employers are prohibited from illegally recruiting minors under the age of 16.
③ It is forbidden to arrange underage workers (workers who have reached the age of 16 but not reached the age of 18) to engage in underground, toxic and harmful labor.
7. What laws in China protect citizens' right to life and health? (page 27)
A: Constitution, Criminal Law, General Principles of Civil Law and Public Security Administration Punishment Law.
8. What laws specifically protect minors?
Law on the Protection of Minors and Law on the Prevention of Juvenile Delinquency
9. What are the ways for citizens to exercise their right to health? (page 28)
A: ① We have the right to cherish life, maintain health, actively exercise and improve our health level, so that we can have a strong body and a high spirit.
(2) Have the right to receive timely treatment when sick, restore health and enhance physical fitness.
(3) When one's life and health are illegally infringed upon by others, one has the right to defend oneself in accordance with the law and request legal protection.
10. What does the right to personal dignity include? (page 35)
Right to reputation, portrait, name, privacy, life and health, freedom, etc.
1 1, meaning and expression of reputation right (P38)
The right of reputation is the right that people enjoy according to law to evaluate their own objective society and exclude others' infringement.
Mainly manifested as: the right to control reputation interests and the right to maintain reputation.
12. What are the acts that infringe on the right of reputation? (Pages 38 and 39)
(1) Insult: refers to the act of degrading personality and damaging the reputation of others by language, writing or violence, which can be divided into oral insult, written insult and violent insult.
(2) Defamation: refers to the act of fabricating and spreading false facts out of nothing and maliciously slandering others, which can be divided into verbal slander and literal slander.
(3) The news report is untrue.
4 false accusation.
What is the right to portrait? (40 pages)
Portrait is the reappearance of human image centered on appearance.
14. What are the representations of portraits? (40 pages)
Painting (selfie), sculpture, paper cutting, photography, video recording, etc.
15. What is the status of portraits? (40 pages)
Portrait is also the basic symbol of everyone's personality.
16. What does the right to portrait include? (p4 1)
Portrait rights include: the right to make portraits, the right to use them and the right to get paid.
17. What are the violations of portrait rights? (p4 1.d2)
(1) Anyone who uses citizen portraits (advertisements, magazine covers, calendars) for profit must obtain the consent of the portrait owner, otherwise it will constitute infringement.
(2) maliciously destroying, defacing or uglifying the portrait of a citizen.
(3) Personal attacks with portraits, etc.
18. What is the right to name? (page 43)
The right to name refers to the right of citizens to decide, use and change their own names according to law, as well as the right to exclude others' infringement.
Adults aged 18 have the right to decide their own names; Have the right to decide and use their own names, pen names and stage names; Have the right to change the name according to regulations. However, the name right of minors and mental patients shall be exercised by their guardians.
19. What are the contents of a person's name? What is the status of names? (page 43)
(Contents) Names include official names, former names, pen names and stage names.
Name is the basic symbol of everyone's personality.
20. What are the manifestations of infringement of the right to name? (44 pages)
2 1, the meaning of privacy (P46)
Privacy refers to private secrets that citizens do not want to be known or made public, and has nothing to do with public interests. It includes three aspects: private information, personal affairs and private space (P46).
22. Importance (necessity) of privacy protection (pages 46 and 47)
(1). It is the need of people's independence and freedom. It is the need of people's own peace and security. It is the need of building a modern society that is people-oriented and advocates humanity and individuality.
23, the meaning of privacy (P48)
The right to privacy refers to the right that citizens enjoy in private life and privacy of private information according to law. China laws protect citizens' right to privacy.
24. Privacy Content (p48-50)
(1) Right to privacy (2) Right to privacy of personal information (3) Right to privacy of private communication.
25. How should we respect the privacy of others? (p5 1-52)
(1) Establish privacy awareness
Understand that everyone is an independent individual and everyone has their own privacy. Don't interfere in other people's private affairs, don't pry into or spread other people's secrets, and correct the bad habit of not respecting other people's privacy.
Strengthen the sense of responsibility and credibility
(2) Need to strengthen the sense of responsibility and credibility, and keep secrets for relatives and friends.
A manifestation of invasion of privacy
26. What are the violations of privacy? (p53)
Spying into other people's private lives, spying into other people's secrets by reading diaries and opening letters privately, spreading other people's privacy through hearsay, and illegally using other people's personal information. , all belong to invasion of privacy.
27, the method of protecting their privacy (p55)
(1) Protect the right to privacy according to law.
When the right to privacy is infringed, we should bravely take up legal weapons, negotiate with the infringer and ask for judicial protection, asking the infringer to stop the infringement and apologize; If you have caused great mental pain, you have the right to ask for mental compensation.
(2) Enhance self-protection awareness and lock your privacy.
Ways of legal protection P55 The infringer stops the infringement, apologizes, eliminates the influence and demands mental compensation.
Third unit
1, the significance and function of education (p58-60)
Meaning: Education is a social activity that aims at promoting human development and social progress and cultivates people by imparting knowledge and experience.
Roles: Individual (P59) and Society (P60)
2. What is the right to education? (page 60)
The right to education means that citizens have the opportunity to receive national cultural education and the right to get material help from education.
3. What is compulsory education? What is its legal basis? (p6 1)
Compulsory education is a national education that school-age children and adolescents must accept according to law and is guaranteed by the state, society, schools and families.
People's Republic of China (PRC) Compulsory Education Law is the legal guarantee for the implementation of compulsory education in China.
4. What do you mean by "obligation" and "education" in compulsory education? (p6 1 related links)
"Obligation" refers to the obligations that the state, society, schools, families and school-age children and adolescents should follow and do according to the law. "Education" refers to school education.
5. What are the characteristics of compulsory education? (p6 1)
(1) Compulsory education is stipulated by the state, and the state guarantees its implementation. Reflected in both family and society.
(2) Popularization of compulsory education: It is stipulated that all children over the age of 6, regardless of gender, nationality or race, should attend school and receive compulsory education for a specified number of years.
(3) Compulsory education is free.
6. As a student who is receiving nine-year compulsory education, should he fulfill his obligation to receive education in this way? (page 64)
First, earnestly fulfill the obligation to enter school on time;
Second, earnestly fulfill the obligation to accept compulsory education for a specified number of years and not drop out of school;
Third, earnestly fulfill the obligation of observing discipline and law, respect teachers, and strive to complete the prescribed learning tasks.
7. What are the types of property and what are the lawful properties of citizens? (Page 68-69)
Classification: state-owned, collective and individual-owned.
The lawful personal property of citizens includes: citizens' lawful income, houses, savings, daily necessities, cultural relics, books and materials, trees, livestock, means of production and other lawful property that citizens are allowed to own by law.
8. What is property ownership? (page 70)
Property ownership refers to the right of the owner to possess, use, benefit and dispose of his property according to law. It is the legal expression of who owns the property.
9. By what means does China's state judicial organs protect the ownership of citizens' legitimate property? (Page 72-73)
Protecting the ownership of citizens' legitimate property through civil legal means is the most common practice, often by ordering the infringer to restore the damaged property to its original state and compensate the victims for their economic losses.
Protecting the ownership of citizens' legitimate property through criminal legal means is the most severe and effective protection method. Criminals who violate property are usually sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment, life imprisonment and death penalty to protect the ownership of citizens' legitimate property.
10. What channels can citizens ask the court to safeguard their legitimate property ownership? (Page 74, first paragraph)
What is a legacy? What conditions must be met as heredity? (page 76)
Personal legal property left by the decedent is called inheritance.
Three necessary conditions as an inheritance:
First, it must be the property left by citizens when they die;
Second, it must be the property owned by individual citizens;
Third, it must be legal property.
13, what are the decedent and heir? (Page 76-77)
The law calls the deceased who left the property an heir.
A person who inherits the estate of the deceased according to law is called an heir.
14. Heirs include those people. What is the scope of the heir? (page 77)
Heirs include: the decedent's spouse, children, parents (in the first order), brothers and sisters, grandparents and grandparents (in the second order).
The scope of heirs is established according to blood relationship, marriage relationship and dependency relationship.
What is the right of inheritance? (page 77)
Inheritance right refers to the right of heirs to obtain the decedent's estate according to law.
16. What is legal succession and how to divide the order of legal heirs? (Page 77-78)
Legal inheritance refers to the way of inheritance in which the scope and order of heirs are directly stipulated by law and the principle of inheritance share distribution is directly stipulated by law.
Heirs in the first order: spouse, children, parents; Heirs in second order: brothers and sisters, grandparents and grandparents.
17 What is testamentary succession? What are the advantages of testamentary succession? (page 78)
Testamentary succession refers to the way that heirs inherit the decedent's estate according to the will. Its greatest advantage is that the decedent can dispose of the property completely according to his own wishes. Testamentary succession takes precedence over legal succession.
What is a legacy? (page 79)
The law allows citizens to give their property to people other than the legal heirs after death without leaving it to their relatives. This behavior is called bequest. Legacy does not belong to testamentary succession.
19. What conditions must a valid will meet? (p79 related links)
The testator must have the ability to make a will, and his will must be true, the content of the will must be legal, the form of the will must be legal, and the testator must be one or more legal heirs.
20. What is intellectual achievement? (p8 1)
Refers to the labor achievements created by human mental labor, which are manifested as scientific and technological achievements, inventions and literary and artistic works.
2 1, what is the right to intellectual achievements? (page 82)
The right to intellectual achievements, that is, intellectual property rights. It is to confirm and protect the exclusive rights of "products" created by people (including citizens and legal persons) in the spiritual fields such as science, technology, literature and art, including copyright, patent right, trademark right and trade secret right.
22. What is the significance of protecting consumers' rights and interests? (page 89)
Protecting consumers' rights is conducive to promoting the development of production, ensuring the smooth progress of social reproduction, maintaining the normal order of society and enabling people to live a better life.
23. What laws specifically protect consumers' rights and interests in China? Which clearly stipulates what rights consumers enjoy? (9 items) (p9 1)
The Law of People's Republic of China (PRC) on the Protection of Consumer Rights and Interests clearly stipulates that Chinese consumers enjoy nine rights, including the right to safety, the right to know, the right to choose independently, the right to fair trade, the right to claim compensation according to law, the right to association, the right to education, the right to respect personal dignity and national customs, and the right to supervision. The most important thing is Quan Quan. (For the meaning of rights, see textbooks and notes. )
24. As consumers, what obligations should we perform? (page 92)
Maintain market order, and be a cultured, orderly and moral consumer (modest in attitude, polite in speech, good at selecting goods, thanking sales staff for their excellent service, and safeguarding the legitimate interests of producers and operators).
As consumers, we should protect our rights in this way and avoid being cheated? (p93 - 94)
Cultivating a pair of "discerning eyes" requires us to enhance our judgment and choice ability, learn and master the knowledge about consumption, and master the knowledge about consumer rights protection.
26. When consumers' rights and interests are infringed, what are the ways to protect their rights? (page 96)
Negotiate with the operator to solve it; Request mediation from consumers' associations; Complain to the relevant administrative department; According to the arbitration agreement reached with the operator, submit it to the arbitration organ for arbitration; Bring a lawsuit to the people's court.
Fourth unit
1. What do you think is fair? (p 100 - 10 1)
2. What is the role of fairness in social stability and development? (p 102)
What should we do in the face of unfair phenomena in real life? (p 104 - 105)
4. What is a just act and what is an unjust act? (p 109)
5. What is the function of the judicial system? (p 109 - 1 10)
6. What is the relationship between justice and fairness? (p 1 1 1)
7. How should we consciously safeguard justice? (p 1 12- 1 13)
8. What are the specific contents of a sense of justice? (p 1 13)
9. Why do you want to be a person with a sense of justice? (p 1 14)
10, how to be a person with a sense of justice? (p 1 15)