For enterprises, human resources are the most precious resources and the "lifeline" of enterprises. And salary management is the most important part of human resource management. The implementation of electronic wage management can free human resource managers from tedious desk work and complete more important work. This paper introduces the background and significance of graduation project, the comparison and summary of related research and development, the process of research and development, the design idea and the consideration of implementation details. Finally, the author gives his own experience in the process of graduation design.
Keywords management information system, database, salary management, entity relationship diagram (E-R diagram), data dictionary, data flow diagram.
The first chapter is thread theory.
1. 1 research background
With the help of modern information technology and management theory, the establishment of enterprise management information system is an important trend in today's society. According to the characteristics of the era of knowledge economy, the Party and the government put forward the guiding ideology of "promoting industrialization with informationization" in national economic construction. For enterprises, the comprehensive development and application of computer management information system is an unavoidable problem in the near future. In enterprise management, human resources are the most precious resources and the "lifeline" of enterprises, so personnel management is an important part of enterprise computer management information system. And salary management is the most important part of human resource management. The implementation of electronic wage management can free human resource managers from tedious desk work and complete more important work. The realization of wage management information system can reduce the tedious manual wage management.
Now it is applied to the management information system of large and medium-sized enterprises, and almost all of them contain the salary management module. Some environments are introduced as a module of large-scale ERP software, and some are part of enterprise financial system. These wage management softwares designed according to the western standardized management system can't completely solve the problems of small and medium-sized enterprises with China characteristics in many cases. The research work of graduation project introduced in this paper is to solve the problems in salary management for these small and medium-sized enterprises with China characteristics.
After a week's investigation in our unit and referring to the design of salary management software by other colleagues, we have a basic understanding of the system requirements of small enterprises like our unit. For a small state-owned enterprise like our unit, it is particularly meaningful to design a salary management system, which is irreplaceable by the existing financial management software.
After many exchanges with the instructor, the focus and work plan of the implementation plan were determined. The main functions of this system are: employee information management, salary structure setting, salary summary printing and so on.
1.2 research ideas and work plan
Note: This model essay is provided by xu teacher, School of Computer and Communication.
Just like studying any other software project, my graduation project has gone through topics selection, investigation, familiarity with the development environment, testing key technologies, and searching for information of similar related systems. System outline design, database structure design, functional module development, functional module testing, system debugging and system trial operation and modification. The following flow chart reflects our basic idea and process.
In the time arrangement of each stage, the topic selection and investigation took about two weeks; It took two weeks to get familiar with the development environment, test key technologies and find information about similar related systems. The system outline design took a week; It took a week to design the database structure; It took four weeks to develop and test the functional module. Finally, the system debugging, trial operation and modification took about three weeks. It took about three months to finish all the work.
The second chapter summarizes the research of management information system.
2. 1 development history of management information system
As the most active factor in productivity, information has played an irreplaceable role in human economic life for a long time, but it was not until the invention of computers in the late 1950s that information was incorporated into the enterprise management system for efficient processing and application.
At present, the management information system usually refers to a "man-machine system" which uses computers as tools to collect, store, retrieve, process and transmit management information and applies it to the field of organization and enterprise management. The system is 70.
The product of the "post-industrial economy" era in the early 1990s, in the early stage of its development, the enterprise management information system was a single man-machine system with simple functions, low efficiency and limited management function.
At the end of 1980s, with the vigorous development of computer network and communication technology, enterprise management information system entered a period of networked development. Developed countries in the world have established advanced management information systems, which have played a great role in their social and economic development.
The great development of management information system in China was in the late 1980s and early 1990s. The state has successively established "Golden Card", "Golden Gate" and "Golden Bridge" projects, and most enterprises and institutions have established local area network and wide area network management information systems. With the world economy and China economy gradually moving towards knowledge economy, the management information system based on industrial economy and the expert system or decision support system for a few experts and managers have further developed in terms of processing objects and service objects, system structure and processing capacity.
2.2 Characteristics of Management Information System
1, composition of management information system
The application of management information system in enterprises has three elements, namely, people, computers and data.
People refer to the enterprise leaders, managers and technicians who play a leading role in the system, as well as the leading institutions and implementing institutions of MIS construction. Management information system is a systematic project, which cannot be completed only by some computer developers, but must be actively participated by enterprise managers, especially enterprise leaders.
Computer technology is the main technology to realize management information system. Among these technologies, software development is the focus of MIS development.
The third factor cannot be ignored. Enterprise management data is the basis of normal operation of MIS. Broadly speaking, various management systems are the basis for the success of MIS construction. If you want to calculate the cost of a machine tool, you need to input the cost of every component, every part and every screw and nut on time, which involves many departments of the enterprise, such as production workshop, procurement, warehouse, process design, finance, etc., and must be guaranteed by a set of management system.
2. Interface characteristics of management information system
In computer software technology, man-machine interface has developed into an important branch. The design of MIS man-machine interface generally follows the following basic principles:
(1) takes communication function as the core of interface design.
The key of man-machine interface design is to enable people to exchange information with computers accurately. On the one hand, people should try to use natural methods when inputting information into computers; On the other hand, the information transmitted by computers to people must be accurate so as not to cause misunderstanding or confusion. In addition, don't mix internal machining with machining and man-machine interface (the man-machine interface program is only communication), so as to avoid mutual interference and affect the speed.
When designing MIS, according to the idea of modularization, input, processing and output should be "distinct", which fully embodies the communication function of man-machine interface. The program designed in this way is not easy to make mistakes and easy to maintain.
Report printing is one of the essential functions of MIS, and calculation is often needed before printing. It takes time to design calculation and printing separately, but the whole MIS system is easy to maintain.
(2) Interfaces must always be consistent.
The unified man-machine interface will not increase the burden on users, so that users can always think and operate in the same way. The most taboo is that every time you change a screen, users have to change a set of operation commands and methods.
For example, in the whole system, you can use a question mark icon to indicate help, a disk icon to indicate saving, and a printer icon to indicate printing.
(3) The interface must enable users to keep abreast of the progress of the task.
Man-machine interface should be able to tell users the progress of software running. Especially when the waiting time is long, users need to know the progress of the work, such as designing a progress bar for the completed tasks. At present, almost all applications under Windows, regardless of size, have done this. This is worth learning when developing MIS software.
(4) Friendly interface. convenient to use
Most MIS software has a lot of data input. For some relatively fixed data, users should not be allowed to input frequently (especially Chinese characters), but should be allowed to choose easily with the mouse. For example, the "educational background" in the personnel management system is a relatively fixed data, and its values are generally taken as "primary school", "junior high school", "senior high school", "junior college", "undergraduate", "graduate student" and "doctoral student". Before inputting this kind of data, MIS software should pop up a list box in the corresponding position for users to click with the mouse, instead of letting users input these Chinese characters every time.
In a word, the developed MIS should minimize the user's data input and reduce the user's intervention in the use process. Practice has proved that the less user intervention, the higher the satisfaction of MIS system.
2.3 Management Information System Development Model
The development methods of management information system mainly include independent development, commissioned development, cooperative development and purchase of ready-made software. These four development methods have their own advantages and disadvantages, and they need to be selected according to various factors such as users' technical strength, capital situation and external environment. No matter what kind of open mode, it needs the participation of unit leaders and business personnel, and the maintenance team of management information system should be cultivated, exercised and expanded throughout the development process.
1. Independent development
Independently develop strong organizations and units suitable for management information system analysis and design teams, programmers and system maintenance teams, such as universities, research institutes, computer companies, high-tech companies and other units. The advantage of independent development is that the development cost is low, and the developed system can meet the needs of the unit with high satisfaction. The most convenient thing is system maintenance. The disadvantage is that because it is not a professional development team, it is easily restricted by business work, the system optimization is not enough, and the development level is low. Moreover, because the developers are temporarily transferred from subordinate units to develop the management information system, these people have other jobs in the original department, and their energy is limited, which easily leads to a long system development time, and the system maintenance work can not be guaranteed after the developers are transferred. Therefore, on the one hand, we should strengthen leadership and implement the principle of "first", on the other hand, we can consult professional developers or companies or hire them as development consultants.
2. Entrusted development
The entrusted development mode is suitable for units with no management information system analysis, design and software developers or weak development team, but sufficient funds. Both parties shall sign a management information system development project agreement, specifying the objectives and functions of the new system, development time and expenses, system standards and acceptance methods, personnel training, etc. The advantages of entrusted development are saving time and trouble, and the technical level of the developed system is high. The disadvantage is high cost, which requires long-term support from developers for system maintenance. This development method requires the business backbone of users to participate in the demonstration of the system, and both developers and users need to communicate, coordinate and check in time during the development process.
3. Cooperative development
The cooperative development mode is suitable for those who have some management information system analysis, design and software developers, but the development team is weak, and they hope to establish and improve their own technical team through the development of management information systems to facilitate system maintenance. Both parties enjoy the fruits of development, which is actually a semi-commissioned development work. Compared with the entrusted development mode, it not only saves money, but also cultivates and promotes users' technical strength, which is convenient for system maintenance and high in technical level. The disadvantage is that the communication between the two sides is prone to problems in cooperation, and both sides need to reach an understanding in time for coordination and inspection.
In short, different development methods have their own advantages and disadvantages, which need to be selected according to the actual situation of users, and various development methods can also be used comprehensively.
2.4 Development process of management information system
The development process of management information system generally includes system development preparation, system investigation, system analysis, system design, system realization, system transformation, system operation and maintenance, system evaluation and other steps. According to the scale, complexity, investment, methods and other factors of the development system, the requirements and contents of each step are different, and users need to choose and plan according to the actual situation.
1, system development preparation
The preparation of system development mainly includes putting forward the requirements of system development, setting up a system development team and making a system development plan.
2. Systematic investigation
The system analysis and system design of the new system should be based on the investigation of the existing system, that is, to investigate the operation and existing problems of the existing system, and to clarify the needs of users, especially the cooperative development and entrusted development methods.
The main contents of the survey are:
(1) Overview of the current system: the development history of the organization, the current organization scale, working conditions, management level, main contacts with the outside world, etc. The purpose of investigating these contents is mainly to divide the system boundary, the input and output interface between the system and the outside world, etc.
(2) Organization: Draw the organization chart, and make clear the administrative relationship, staffing, work scope, geographical location, etc. Find unreasonable problems and the possible impact on existing organizations after the new system is started.
(3) Business process: According to different business types and different processing time, deeply understand the business process of the current system, draw the business process diagram of the existing system, and discuss it with business personnel repeatedly and get approval. In the investigation, we should pay attention to the combination of qualitative and quantitative, and pay attention to the flow direction, specifications, frequency, requirements and problems to be solved of people, money, things and information.
(4) Report and data processing: understand the format, content, processing time, reporting time, frequency and regularity of various statistical reports and data, existing problems, requirements and hopes for the new system, and collect various reports.
(5) Problems: The main problems and weak links in the current system can be divided into different levels according to the severity. The establishment of the new system should solve most of the problems and improve the weak links.
(6) Functions and objectives of the new system: Understand the requirements of leaders at all levels and various business personnel for the functions of the new system. System analysis (also called logic design) is the key link in the development of management information system, which requires a detailed analysis of the functions of the new system and the establishment of the logic model of the new system on the basis of system investigation.
The logical model of the new system consists of system data flow diagram, overview table, data dictionary, physical logical expression and related explanations. Finally, the system analysis report (also called system logic design specification) should be completed. The system logic model is just like the requirements and constraints of school education level (primary school, middle school, higher education), scale, investment, geographical environment, technical level, etc. First, the design will be carried out by the architectural design institute, and then the engineering design and construction can be carried out to ensure the realization of various functions after the school is completed. In the system design stage, careful analysis and research should be done to avoid the congenital deficiency or defect of the new system in function.
Because the new system model is based on the analysis and requirements of the existing system, the system investigation should be carried out in depth, carefully and comprehensively. Users can comment on the logical model of the new system. After discussion and revision, the two parties finally reached an understanding and completed the system analysis report (system logic design specification). After the approval of relevant leaders, it will be transferred to the stage of system design (also known as system physical design).
4. System design
System design is also called system physical design. According to the system logic model in the system analysis report, the system design should comprehensively consider various constraints, use all available technical means and methods to carry out various specific designs, determine the implementation plan of the new system, and solve the problem of "how to do the system".
Structured system design refers to the detailed design of the input, output, data processing and data storage of the system by using a set of standard chart tools and criteria to determine which modules the system has, how to connect these modules and how to form a good system structure. The focus of this stage is to design the overall structure of the system and choose the most economical and reasonable technical means. The document in the system design stage is the system design report (also called the system physical design specification).
5. System implementation and transformation
The main work in the implementation stage of the system includes: the purchase and installation of system hardware, the compilation (purchase) and debugging of programs, the training of system operators, the preparation and input of system-related data, and the debugging and conversion of the system.
In the stage of system implementation, it is necessary to set the workload of system implementation to teams and groups, and organize the team leaders of various disciplines and leaders of relevant departments to formulate the implementation plan of the new system. All kinds of project management software and methods can be used for management, and the project manager responsibility system can be implemented to ensure the smooth implementation and success of the system.
The purchase and installation of hardware includes the purchase, acceptance, installation and debugging of computer hardware, peripherals, network, power supply, computer room, environment and other related equipment, which is mainly completed by professional and technical personnel.
Data preparation and entry mainly refers to the arrangement and entry of all kinds of data needed from manual operation to computer processing and the conversion of data used in computer system to new system. The data preparation and entry work should pay attention to the accuracy of data, and ensure all links such as sorting, entry and verification, so as to lay a good foundation for the smooth conversion of the system.
At the same time, personnel training will be carried out, including general education of management information system, learning of new system and computer operation training. Let all personnel know the basic functions of the new system, the requirements of the new system for users, the purpose of establishing management information system, the help and convenience that the construction of management information system can bring to organizations and individuals, and the work that individuals should undertake in the new system is the concern and support of users.
6. System maintenance and evaluation
Management information system is a complex man-machine system. The changes of external environment and internal factors of the system constantly affect the operation of the system. At this time, it is necessary to constantly improve the system to improve the efficiency and service level of the system, which requires the system to be maintained from beginning to end.
System evaluation mainly refers to the need to check the realization of system objectives and functions after the system is completed and operated for a period of time, and compare it with the expected objectives of the system established in system development, and write a system evaluation report in time.
The stage of system maintenance and evaluation is the last stage and the longest important stage in the system life cycle.
Chapter III Analysis and Design of Wage Management System
3. 1 Brief introduction of system functional requirements
Wage management information system plays an extremely important role in strengthening wage management in enterprises. As far as large enterprises are concerned, their design contents are very complex and diverse, including salary calculation function, salary statistics function, report output function, etc., and there are also many modules designed, including salary management module, salary statistics module, report design module, printout module, fuzzy query module, etc.
Because this software is mainly customized for a technology company where the author works. The company is a newly established company, with a relatively small overall staff, including 20 full-time employees. The personnel structure is relatively simple, with relatively high academic qualifications, and basically all of them have college education or above. The division of labor among departments is also very clear, and the mobility of personnel is not high, so the company's current requirements for salary management are not high. Therefore, for this company, after repeated argumentation, we finally determined the design scheme of the salary management system. The main functions of the salary management system are shown in Figure 3. 1:
Figure 3. 1 System Function Module Diagram
3.2 Description of functional requirements
1, employee basic information module
The employee basic information module has three functions: employee information entry, employee addition and deletion and employee information query. The basic information of employees includes employee number, employee name, employee gender, department, position, length of service and salary grade. The addition and deletion of employees realize the addition and deletion of employee information in the database. Employee information query can query employee information by employee number or employee name.
2. Salary structure setting module
According to the actual situation of the company's salary management, the system divides the salary structure into three parts: basic salary, post salary and seniority salary. The system can set salary grades for these three salary types and set salary standards for each grade. 3. Salary summary module
After the user enters the employee's salary grade in the employee information management module, the employee's salary will be automatically summarized in the salary summary module. Users can print out the salary summary table, and preview it before printing.
3.3 Target system requirements
The target system shall meet the following requirements:
1, time economy. Optimize the logical design and physical design to make the system run efficiently and respond quickly.
2. Reliability. It can process business continuously and accurately, and has strong fault tolerance.
3. Understandability. Users can easily understand and use the system.
4. Maintainability and adaptability. The system should be easy to modify, expand and maintain, and can adapt to the ever-changing business needs.
5. Availability. The target system is fully functional and can fully meet the business needs.
6. Security and confidentiality. Ensure the physical security of the system, the security and confidentiality of data storage and access, the security and confidentiality of data transmission, and do a good job in user authorization management.
3.4 System Platform Selection
On the one hand, considering the rapid development of Microsoft, more and more enterprises choose Microsoft platform as the first choice when planning their internal networks; On the other hand, from the technical point of view, the application on Microsoft platform is very easy to develop and deploy software, and its performance is superior.
Operating system: Windows 98
Development Tools and Language: Visual FoxPro 6.0 Chinese Version
3.5 Database design
3.5. 1 database introduction
The so-called database refers to a combination of several interrelated data stored together in a certain organizational way. Database management system is a large-scale software for manipulating and managing databases, which is referred to as DBMS for short. They are based on the operating system and manage and control the database in a unified way. Its functions include database definition, database management, database establishment and maintenance, and communication with operating system. DBMS usually consists of data dictionary, data description language and its compiler, data operation (query) language and its compiler, database management routine, etc.
Relational database is a database based on relational model, which is organized and accessed according to the relationships among tables, records and fields. It accesses data through several tables and connects these tables through relationships. Relational database provides a standard interface and becomes an institutionalized query language (SQL), which allows the use of various database tools and products. Relational database is the most widely used database at present.
Database is a logical concept in VFP. The interrelated data tables and their database objects are organized by a set of system files, which become extended. Database comments, with extension. Dct and database index files with extension. dcx。 Usually, these three files cannot be used directly, but are managed by VFP database.
VFP calls it. A table file and a library can hold multiple tables. Through the library, we can clarify the relationship between tables, so that table files are not isolated from each other, but become interrelated data sets.
data flowchart
According to the investigation of salary management and the analysis of users' needs, the data flow diagram of the system is shown in Figure 3.2.
Data dictionary analysis
The database of this software consists of the following four data tables:
Employee information table: personnel. DBF
Basic salary setting table: courses. DBF
Post salary setting table: rank. DBF
Length of service salary setting table: Gong Ling. DBF
1. Employee information table: personnel. DBF
Field Field Name Type Width Description
1 Member Number Character Type 3 Numbers
2 employee name character type 10 is less than or equal to 5 Chinese characters.
3 employee gender personality type 2 "male" or "female"
4 The post name character type 14 is less than or equal to 7 Chinese characters.
5. The numerical type of working age is between 2 1-99.
6 salary grade numerical type 2 1-99
2. Basic salary setting table: courses. DBF
Field Field Name Type Width Description
Between 1 salary grade numerical type 2 1-99.
2 wage standard numerical type 4 1-9999
3. Post salary setting table: rank. DBF
Field Field Name Type Width Description
1 position name character type 14 is less than or equal to 7 Chinese characters.
2 wage standard numerical type 4 1-9999
4. Length of service salary setting table: Gong Ling. DBF
Field Field Name Type Width Description
Between 1 salary grade numerical type 2 1-99.
2 wage standard numerical type 4 1-9999
5. Administrator Registration Form: Administrator. DBF
Field Field Name Type Width Description
1 registered name character type 10 Any character
2 command character type 10 English letters or numbers
Chapter IV Function Realization of Wage Management System
4. 1 coding design of employee basic information module
1. Functions of adding, deleting and modifying basic information of employees.
The employee basic information module is mainly divided into employee information browsing interface and employee information query interface. The employee information browsing interface is shown in Figure 4. 1: