These people are celebrities. They are famous because, like those historical sites, they contain many spirits: Confucius' Confucianism, Li Bai's poems and songs, Lu Xun's anger and Lin Yutang's language. Of course, everything about them is related to China in their time, and their thoughts are still admired and pondered by our descendants. I hope to be such a person.
2. How should a tour guide introduce Shaanxi History Museum? Shaanxi History Museum is a state-level large-scale modern museum, a group of magnificent imitation Tang buildings, covering an area of about 70,000 square meters and a construction area of more than 50,000 square meters.
It brings together the essence of Shaanxi culture and shows the development process of Chinese civilization. In view of Shaanxi's position in the history of China, the state invested 1. 4.4 billion yuan, Shaanxi History Museum was completed and opened in June 199 1.
Museum buildings are simple and elegant, with unique features. It closely combines the classical palace architecture and courtyard architecture in China, with harmonious colors. To thank you? Thumb? Chen? What's the matter with you? A faded shell? br/>； The museum collects cultural relics unearthed in Shaanxi 1 1 piece.
The 30,000-piece (group) showroom covers an area of 1 100 square meter, which is divided into seven parts: prehistoric, Zhou, Qin, Han, Wei and Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, Sui and Tang Dynasties, Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties, and systematically displays Shaanxi from 1 150 years ago to A.D.. In the history of China, 1 1 dynasties established their capitals in Shaanxi, which lasted for more than 1000 years. It is the region with the most dynasties and the longest capital in China. Therefore, from a certain point of view, the ancient history of Shaanxi is the condensation of the history of China.
● Features: Shaanxi Provincial Museum combines the architectural styles of ancient palaces and courtyards in China. It is elegant and dignified, simple and elegant, with coordinated layout and magnificent momentum, which embodies the national style and local characteristics. The museum is equipped with central air conditioning, multifunctional lighting system, computer management system and central control system. It has a modern cultural relic warehouse and a lecture hall with multilingual simultaneous interpretation.
Jade bracelets inlaid with gold ● The architectural style of Shaanxi History Museum inherits the grand, elegant and dignified style of Tang Dynasty, and draws lessons from the layout of traditional palaces in China, that is, "symmetrical axis, orderly primary and secondary, central hall, four corners worship the building". At the same time, using modern advanced technology, the classical architectural style in the prosperous Tang Dynasty is organically combined with the functional requirements of modern museums, which not only maintains the ancient style, but also has the characteristics of modernization. The roof adopts the gray-green glazed tile prevailing in the Tang Dynasty, which looks luxurious and solemn, simple and elegant. The walls are imitation asbestos bricks, and the doors and windows are large brown glass and aluminum alloy frames. The museum is equipped with a fully enclosed central air conditioning system that can control temperature and humidity, a multifunctional lighting system, an automatic fire prevention and anti-theft system and a computer control and management system. There is a cultural relics protection science and technology center, with advanced cultural relics protection and restoration laboratories and testing technologies and means.
In order to strengthen cultural exchanges between China and foreign countries, a computer-controlled library with 300,000 books and an international academic lecture hall with simultaneous interpretation in six languages have been built. In addition, there are well-equipped cultural relics libraries, reference rooms and shopping centers.
● Collection: There are 370,000 unearthed cultural relics in Shaanxi. Visitors can enjoy the historical relics of Shaanxi from prehistoric times, from 1 1500 years ago to the Zhou, Qin, Han, Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, Sui and Tang Dynasties, Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties in AD 1840. ● Structure: The exhibition hall has a total area of 1 1 ,000 square meters, which is divided into three parts: basic exhibition, special exhibition and temporary exhibition, among which Shaanxi ancient history exhibition, Shaanxi rare bronze ware exhibition, Shaanxi pottery woman essence exhibition and Tang tomb mural exhibition are the most interesting.
● Walking into the museum hall, huge photos show people the roaring Yellow River and the endless Loess Plateau. This is the geographical environment that gave birth to Shaanxi's history and culture.
The history of Shaanxi is the history of civilization in the Yellow Land. The giant lion standing in the middle of the hall with its head held high is a symbol of this civilization.
It is magnificent in shape, surging in momentum, exquisite in stone carving and magnificent in spirit, and can be called "the first lion in the East". This stone lion comes from Shunling of Yang, the mother of Wu Zetian, the only female emperor in China history.
China's ancient lion and lion sculpture art was introduced from Afghanistan. The romantic strangeness of Central Asia and the profound and perfect integration of East Asia reflect the tone of Shaanxi's history and culture. The exhibition line near 1500m consists of three parts: basic exhibition, special exhibition and temporary exhibition.
The basic exhibition located on the upper and lower floors of the museum brings together the essence of cultural relics unearthed in Shaanxi. More than 3,000 rare treasures on display were carefully selected from hundreds of thousands of cultural relics unearthed in Shaanxi. Many precious cultural relics were first made public here, divided into seven parts: prehistoric, Zhou, Qin, Han, Wei and Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, Sui and Tang Dynasties, Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties. The image shows systematically from 1 150 years ago to 6500 AD. Hanwadang (Suzaku) diameter 15.
8 cm, 2 cm wide, unearthed from the site of Chang 'an City in Han Dynasty in Shaanxi Province. Suzaku's mouth is full of pearls, which is even more majestic and sacred.
Now it is in Shaanxi History Museum.
3. What is the guide word of Shaanxi History Museum? Ladies and gentlemen: Today we visited Shaanxi History Museum.
The museum was officially opened to the public on June 20th. 199 1. It is the largest and most advanced national history museum in China, covering an area of 70,000 square meters and a construction area of 56,000 square meters. The exhibition area is 1 1000 square meters, and there are 370,000 pieces in the museum. According to the wishes of Premier Zhou Enlai, this museum is jointly invested by the State Planning Commission and the Shaanxi Provincial Government, with a total investment of 1.
4.4 billion yuan, an art palace was built. The design of Shaanxi History Museum was undertaken by Ms. Zhang Jinqiu, a close disciple of China famous architect Liang Sicheng.
The architectural appearance imitates the Tang style, highlighting the elegant demeanor of the prosperous Tang Dynasty and embodying the style of modern people. In terms of layout, it also draws lessons from the characteristics of China Palace, such as "symmetry axis, nave, four-corner tall buildings, staggered height and orderly master and slave", highlighting simplicity and solemnity, creating an atmosphere of combining ancient imperial palaces with traditional gardens, symbolizing China's long history and splendid culture; The exhibition of Shaanxi History Museum is divided into three parts: basic exhibition, special exhibition and temporary exhibition. The basic exhibition is also a permanent exhibition. It is Ancient History of Shaanxi, which systematically shows us the development process of Shaanxi from Lantian ape-man to Opium War, and highlights the prosperous times of feudal society such as Zhou, Qin, Han and Tang dynasties and the important position of Shaanxi in the history of China.
Now we come to the preface hall. We can find that the preface here is not a text, but a huge photo. The roaring Yellow River and the endless Loess Plateau are not only the natural environment for the survival of ancient Shaanxi people, but also the foundation and premise for the birth, emergence and continuous development of Shaanxi history and culture.
Behind these two photos, there is also a huge photo of Huangdi, the ancestor of China's humanities, which marks the beginning of ancient civilizations in Shaanxi and China. These wordless sequences composed of photos, through the broad and vigorous scenes, symbolize the profoundness and long history of Shaanxi's history and culture, as well as the humanistic traditional spirit with worldwide influence.
The giant lion we saw in the middle of the hall came from Shunling, the mother of Empress Wu Zetian. It is tall and majestic and can be called the first lion in the East. In ancient times, lions and lion sculptures were introduced from Afghanistan. Therefore, this lion is not only a reflection of Shaanxi's history and culture, but also a product of cultural exchanges between the East and the West.
The first section of Shaanxi ancient history is prehistory, which spans about 1 15000 BC to 2 1 century BC. Every section of this period has made great discoveries, and the cultural peak is connected end to end year after year and occupies a prominent position in the country.
The first thing you see is the head of Lantian ape-man She was found in Gongwangling, Lantian County on 1964. She is a woman in her thirties.
Lantian ape-man was about 1 15000 years ago and was the earliest homo erectus in northern Asia. About 200,000 years ago, mankind had developed to the stage of Homo sapiens.
Dali people in Shaanxi are one of them. About 8000 years ago, mankind has entered the Neolithic Age. Laoguantai culture is the earliest known Neolithic cultural relic in Shaanxi Province.
There are three important signs to distinguish the Neolithic age: first, they learned to make pottery; Second, they settled down and had primitive agriculture; Third, there are grinded stone tools. Yangshao culture is a stage of Neolithic development.
This cultural relic was first discovered in 192 1 Yangshao Village, Mianchi County, Henan Province, hence the name. It is also called "painted pottery culture" because a large number of painted pottery have been found in this kind of cultural remains.
Banpo site is an important part of Yangshao culture and a prosperous stage of matriarchal clan commune. Later, with the development of social economy, men replaced women and took the leading position in society.
Mankind has entered the period of paternal society. Longshan culture is a typical culture in patriarchal commune period.
This culture was first discovered in Longshan Town, Zhangqiu County, Shandong Province in 1928, hence the name. Longshan culture is also called "gray pottery culture" or "black pottery culture" because of the discovery of a large number of gray pottery.
After Longshan Culture, China entered a legendary era, which is called "the period of military democracy". The Yellow Emperor was an outstanding leader in this period and was honored as the ancestor of the Chinese nation.
Every time we go to Tomb-Sweeping Day, Chinese people at home and abroad come to the Mausoleum of the Yellow Emperor to find their roots and ask for their ancestors, identify with Chinese culture, and patriotism sublimates here, thus generating strong cohesion and centripetal force. After the Yellow Emperor, three outstanding leaders appeared in human history, namely Yao, Shun and Yu.
Later, Qi, the son of Dayu, established the Xia Dynasty. In this way, China entered the period of slavery dynasty.
The political center of Xia Dynasty was in Henan, and the occurrence, development and prosperity of Zhou people were mainly in Shaanxi. In fact, Zhou people experienced three different stages of development: Zhou people, Zhou people and Western Zhou people.
The cultural relic we see now is called Ding, which is a bronze ware of the Western Zhou Dynasty in the heyday of the slavery dynasty. Bronze refers to the alloy of copper and tin, so it is named because of its bluish gray color.
As for the tripod, it was originally a cooker, that is, cook the meat's pot. Later, with the strengthening of the ritual and music system, Ding gradually became a symbol of power and rank. Legend has it that Yu Xia once ruled Jiuding and represented Kyushu in the world as a symbol of political power.
In the future, it will be called "Dingding" to win the world. During the Spring and Autumn Period, Chu Zhuangwang, one of the five tyrants, sent envoys to inquire about the importance of Jiuding in the Zhou Dynasty, and later "winning the championship" became synonymous with attempting to usurp political power.
The idioms we are talking about now are all related to this cultural relic. Ding Can is generally divided into dome and square roof.
Domes are usually bulging, with ears and three feet. The whole shape gives people a sense of stability and strength. So people use the lion's chest and tiger's feet to describe it.
The idiom "famous all over the world" and "three-legged" reflect its modeling characteristics on the other hand. Decorations on bronzes are an important part of bronze art research and art history of China, which to some extent reflects people's ideas at that time.
Decorative patterns on bronzes can be divided into two categories, namely animal patterns and geometric patterns. The general feature is mysterious and grotesque, which is difficult to understand.
This is because the actuator.
Four. Today, I will take you to visit the large-scale Shaanxi History Museum in modern China.
Shaanxi history is located at the northwest of Big Wild Goose Pagoda on Xiaozhai East Road 1km. It is a group of magnificent buildings imitating the Tang Dynasty, covering an area of about 70,000 square meters and a building area of more than 50,000 square meters. It brings together the essence of Shaanxi culture and shows the development process of Chinese civilization. In view of Shaanxi's position in the history of China, the state invested 1.44 million yuan to build Shaanxi History Museum, which was completed and opened in June1.99/kloc-0.
Museum buildings are simple and elegant, with unique features. Unearthed cultural relics 1 13000 pieces, exhibition room area 1 100 square meters.
Shaanxi History Museum mainly displays historical relics unearthed in Shaanxi, which are divided into seven parts: prehistory, Zhou Dynasty, Qin Dynasty, Han Dynasty, Wei and Jin Dynasty, Southern and Northern Dynasties, Sui and Tang Dynasties, Song Dynasty, Yuan Dynasty, Ming Dynasty and Qing Dynasty. It vividly shows the history of Shaanxi from 1 15000 years ago to 1840. In the history of China, 1 1 dynasties established their capitals in Shaanxi, which lasted for more than 1000 years. It is the region with the most dynasties and the longest capital in China. Therefore, from a certain point of view, the ancient history of Shaanxi is the condensation of the history of China.
● Features: Shaanxi Provincial Museum combines the architectural styles of ancient palaces and courtyards in China. It is elegant and dignified, simple and elegant, with coordinated layout and magnificent momentum, which embodies the national style and local characteristics. The museum is equipped with central air conditioning, multifunctional lighting system, computer management system and central control system. It has a modern cultural relic warehouse and a lecture hall with multilingual simultaneous interpretation.
Jade bracelets inlaid with gold ● The architectural style of Shaanxi History Museum inherits the grand, elegant and dignified style of Tang Dynasty, and draws lessons from the layout of traditional palaces in China, that is, "symmetrical axis, orderly primary and secondary, central hall, four corners worship the building". At the same time, using modern advanced technology, the classical architectural style in the prosperous Tang Dynasty is organically combined with the functional requirements of modern museums, which not only maintains the ancient style, but also has the characteristics of modernization. The roof adopts the gray-green glazed tile prevailing in the Tang Dynasty, which looks luxurious and solemn, simple and elegant. The walls are imitation asbestos bricks, and the doors and windows are large brown glass and aluminum alloy frames. The museum is equipped with a fully enclosed central air conditioning system that can control temperature and humidity, a multifunctional lighting system, an automatic fire prevention and anti-theft system and a computer control and management system. There is a cultural relics protection science and technology center, with advanced cultural relics protection and restoration laboratories and testing technologies and means.
In order to strengthen cultural exchanges between China and foreign countries, a computer-controlled library with 300,000 books and an international academic lecture hall with simultaneous interpretation in six languages have been built. In addition, there are well-equipped cultural relics libraries, reference rooms and shopping centers.
● Collection: There are 370,000 unearthed cultural relics in Shaanxi. Visitors can enjoy the historical relics of Shaanxi from prehistoric times, from 1 1500 years ago to the Zhou, Qin, Han, Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, Sui and Tang Dynasties, Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties in AD 1840. ● Structure: The exhibition hall has a total area of 1 1 ,000 square meters, which is divided into three parts: basic exhibition, special exhibition and temporary exhibition, among which Shaanxi ancient history exhibition, Shaanxi rare bronze ware exhibition, Shaanxi pottery woman essence exhibition and Tang tomb mural exhibition are the most interesting.
● Walking into the museum hall, huge photos show people the roaring Yellow River and the endless Loess Plateau. This is the geographical environment that gave birth to Shaanxi's history and culture.
The history of Shaanxi is the history of civilization in the Yellow Land. The giant lion standing in the middle of the hall with its head held high is a symbol of this civilization.
It is magnificent in shape, surging in momentum, exquisite in stone carving and magnificent in spirit, and can be called "the first lion in the East". This stone lion comes from Shunling of Yang, the mother of Wu Zetian, the only female emperor in China history.
China's ancient lion and lion sculpture art was introduced from Afghanistan. The romantic strangeness of Central Asia and the profound and perfect integration of East Asia reflect the tone of Shaanxi's history and culture. The exhibition line near 1500m consists of three parts: basic exhibition, special exhibition and temporary exhibition.
First of all, let's take a look at the first part of the ancient history of Shaanxi, that is, prehistory, from about 1 15000 years ago to 2 1 century BC. 1964 The skull fossil found in Lantian County, Shaanxi Province is the earliest Homo erectus in northern Asia.
There are three signs to distinguish the Neolithic age from the Paleolithic age: first, there are grinded stone tools; The second is to invent pottery; Third, settlement began, and primitive agriculture appeared. Yangshao culture is 7000 to 5000 years ago, and the productivity of Banpo people in Yangshao culture society has been greatly improved.
The pottery urn unearthed in Banpo is the earliest musical instrument I found, which has aroused great interest in the international music community. This is the Zhou Dynasty, from 77 BC1year to 22 BC1year, including three historical development stages: the Zhou clan formed in Shaanxi in the 2nd1century BC, the Zhou Dynasty and the Western Zhou Dynasty.
This is the shoulder blade of a cow. Used for divination, and the result was recorded in Oracle Bone Inscriptions afterwards. These divination records were first formed-Oracle Bone Inscriptions.
The Western Zhou Dynasty was the heyday of the Bronze Age in China. Bronze ware is also the ritual system of handmaiden society, that is, the symbol of power and rank.
These are Ding, an ancient cooker used in cook the meat. The bronze tripod evolved from the pottery tripod in primitive society.
In Xia, Shang and Zhou dynasties, bronze ding was used as a ritual vessel for slaves and nobles to hold sacrifices and banquets. Legend has it that Yu Xia once ruled Jiuding, representing Kyushu, and was a symbol of political power.
Therefore, in the future, it will be called "Dingding" to win the world. Bronze decoration is an important content of bronze art research.
There are two kinds of bronze decorative patterns: animal patterns and geometric patterns. Both are mysterious and grotesque, which is hard to understand.
This is because the original intention of making these bronzes is to worship heaven, earth, ghosts and gods, and ancestors, which is beyond the understanding of ordinary people, which shows that the concept is ingenious and successful. Look at these unearthed iron farm tools. They were mainly unearthed in the Qin Dynasty, which was dominated by agriculture. This shows that iron was widely used instead of bronze.
In 350 BC, Qin moved its capital to Xianyang. After Qin Shihuang succeeded to the throne, he annexed six countries in 10, and established the first unified, multi-ethnic and centralized feudal country in China history-Qin.
After Qin Shihuang unified the six countries, he adopted a series of reform measures, such as unifying currency, weights and measures, writing and so on, which made great contributions to the economic and cultural development of China feudal society. The weapons, horse figures and bronze chariots and horses found in the Terracotta Warriors and Horses of the First Qin Dynasty show the unprecedented level of the Qin Dynasty in military, economic, scientific, technological and cultural aspects.
Han Dynasty is a very important dynasty in the history of China.
How does the tour guide introduce Shaanxi History Museum? Today we all visited Shaanxi History Museum.
The museum was officially opened to the public on June 20th. 199 1. It is the largest and most advanced national history museum in China, covering an area of 70,000 square meters and a construction area of 56,000 square meters. The exhibition area is 1 1000 square meters, and there are 370,000 pieces in the museum. According to the wishes of Premier Zhou Enlai, this museum is jointly invested by the State Planning Commission and the Shaanxi Provincial Government, with a total investment of 1.
4.4 billion yuan, an art palace was built. The design of Shaanxi History Museum was undertaken by Ms. Zhang Jinqiu, a close disciple of China famous architect Liang Sicheng.
The architectural appearance imitates the Tang style, highlighting the elegant demeanor of the prosperous Tang Dynasty and embodying the style of modern people. In terms of layout, it also draws lessons from the characteristics of China Palace, such as "symmetry axis, nave, four-corner tall buildings, staggered height and orderly master and slave", highlighting simplicity and solemnity, creating an atmosphere of combining ancient imperial palaces with traditional gardens, symbolizing China's long history and splendid culture; The exhibition of Shaanxi History Museum is divided into three parts: basic exhibition, special exhibition and temporary exhibition. The basic exhibition is also a permanent exhibition. It is Ancient History of Shaanxi, which systematically shows us the development process of Shaanxi from Lantian ape-man to Opium War, and highlights the prosperous times of feudal society such as Zhou, Qin, Han and Tang dynasties and the important position of Shaanxi in the history of China.
Now we come to the preface hall. We can find that the preface here is not a text, but a huge photo. The roaring Yellow River and the endless Loess Plateau are not only the natural environment for the survival of ancient Shaanxi people, but also the foundation and premise for the birth, emergence and continuous development of Shaanxi history and culture.
Behind these two photos, there is also a huge photo of Huangdi, the ancestor of China's humanities, which marks the beginning of ancient civilizations in Shaanxi and China. These wordless sequences composed of photos, through the broad and vigorous scenes, symbolize the profoundness and long history of Shaanxi's history and culture, as well as the humanistic traditional spirit with worldwide influence.
The giant lion we saw in the middle of the hall came from Shunling, the mother of Empress Wu Zetian. It is tall and majestic and can be called the first lion in the East. In ancient times, lions and lion sculptures were introduced from Afghanistan. Therefore, this lion is not only a reflection of Shaanxi's history and culture, but also a product of cultural exchanges between the East and the West.
The first section of Shaanxi ancient history is prehistory, which spans about 1 15000 BC to 2 1 century BC. Every section of this period has made great discoveries, and the cultural peak is connected end to end year after year and occupies a prominent position in the country.
The first thing you see is the head of Lantian ape-man She was found in Gongwangling, Lantian County on 1964. She is a woman in her thirties.
Lantian ape-man was about 1 15000 years ago and was the earliest homo erectus in northern Asia. About 200,000 years ago, mankind had developed to the stage of Homo sapiens.
Dali people in Shaanxi are one of them. About 8000 years ago, mankind has entered the Neolithic Age. Laoguantai culture is the earliest known Neolithic cultural relic in Shaanxi Province.
There are three important signs to distinguish the Neolithic age: first, they learned to make pottery; Second, they settled down and had primitive agriculture; Third, there are grinded stone tools. Yangshao culture is a stage of Neolithic development.
This cultural relic was first discovered in 192 1 Yangshao Village, Mianchi County, Henan Province, hence the name. It is also called "painted pottery culture" because a large number of painted pottery have been found in this kind of cultural remains.
Banpo site is an important part of Yangshao culture and a prosperous stage of matriarchal clan commune. Later, with the development of social economy, men replaced women and took the leading position in society.
Mankind has entered the period of paternal society. Longshan culture is a typical culture in patriarchal commune period.
This culture was first discovered in Longshan Town, Zhangqiu County, Shandong Province in 1928, hence the name. Longshan culture is also called "gray pottery culture" or "black pottery culture" because of the discovery of a large number of gray pottery.
After the Longshan culture, the history of China entered the legendary era, that is, the period of military democracy in history. The Yellow Emperor was an outstanding leader in this period and was honored as the ancestor of the Chinese nation.
Every time we go to Tomb-Sweeping Day, Chinese people at home and abroad come to the Mausoleum of the Yellow Emperor to find their roots and ask for their ancestors, identify with Chinese culture, and patriotism sublimates here, thus generating strong cohesion and centripetal force. After the Yellow Emperor, three outstanding leaders appeared in human history, namely Yao, Shun and Yu.
Later, Qi, the son of Dayu, established the Xia Dynasty. In this way, China entered the period of slavery dynasty.
The political center of Xia Dynasty was in Henan, and the occurrence, development and prosperity of Zhou people were mainly in Shaanxi. In fact, Zhou people experienced three different stages of development: Zhou people, Zhou people and Western Zhou people.
The cultural relic we see now is called Ding, which is a bronze ware of the Western Zhou Dynasty in the heyday of the slavery dynasty. Bronze refers to the alloy of copper and tin, so it is named because of its bluish gray color.
As for the tripod, it was originally a cooker, that is, cook the meat's pot. Later, with the strengthening of the ritual and music system, Ding gradually became a symbol of power and rank. Legend has it that Yu Xia once ruled Jiuding and represented Kyushu in the world as a symbol of political power.
In the future, it will be called "Dingding" to win the world. During the Spring and Autumn Period, Chu Zhuangwang, one of the five tyrants, sent envoys to inquire about the importance of Jiuding in the Zhou Dynasty, and later "winning the championship" became synonymous with attempting to usurp political power.
The idioms we are talking about now are all related to this cultural relic. Ding Can is generally divided into dome and square roof.
Domes are usually bulging, with ears and three feet. The whole shape gives people a sense of stability and strength. So people use the lion's chest and tiger's feet to describe it.
The idiom "famous all over the world" and "three-legged" reflect its modeling characteristics on the other hand. Decorations on bronzes are an important part of bronze art research and art history of China, which to some extent reflects people's ideas at that time.
Decorative patterns on bronzes can be divided into two categories, namely animal patterns and geometric patterns. The general feature is mysterious and grotesque, which is difficult to understand.
This is because the creator intends to.