Kang Youwei lost it when he was a child and was found back a day later. Instead of crying, his mother said firmly, "If the son is a man, the man should strive for self-improvement."
When Liang Qichao was nine years old, his grandfather, Liang Weiqing, took him to Guangzhou by wooden boat via Jiangmen to take the exam. This is the first time that Liang Qichao left his hometown.
At that time, the ship was full of scholars preparing for the exam, and everyone sat together to discuss knowledge and brag about learning. One day, when I was having lunch on the boat, I happened to eat white rice and steamed salted fish. One of the candidates suggested reciting poems or fishing with salted fish. In fact, it is a difficult topic to use salted fish in poetry, because salted fish is a famous dish on the table of Cantonese people, but it can't be elegant after all. As the saying goes, "I've heard the smell of abalone for a long time" actually stinks, which is opposite to "entering Lan Zhi's room". As soon as the topic came out, all the candidates on board were stumped at once, and everyone came in succession.
Liang Qichao paused, and then recited in public: "After Taigong catches fish, glue raises salt." Everyone present was shocked, and then everyone applauded his poems for being relevant, elegant in style, full of poetry, appropriate in allusions and unconventional. It is a very rare good sentence.
Later, when someone discussed Liang Qichao, there was such a joke: "Guangdong salted fish will turn over from now on and enter the romantic and elegant category", which may be derived from Liang Qichao's salted fish poems.
The story of Liang Qichao's wisdom and longevity (Shi Qixia)
Liang Qichao went to the provincial capital to take the exam when he was eleven years old, and he won the scholar in one fell swoop. After the exam, Ye Dalong, a third-rate official who served as the examiner, learned that there was such a prodigy in Guangdong and read Liang Qichao's paper carefully, which was greatly appreciated. He specially summoned Liang Qichao to interview with several younger scholars, and talked with them about Confucian classics, Tang poetry and Song ci, and the eight masters of Tang and Song dynasties.
The new scholars interviewed went in one by one and soon quit, but Liang Qichao knew everything at an early age and answered questions endlessly. Ye Dalong was very happy and spoke highly of Liang Qichao. Seeing this, the clever Liang Qichao immediately knelt on the ground and begged: Teacher, my grandfather is seventy years old this year, and his birthday is November 21st of the lunar calendar. His disciples will soon go back to their hometown to visit his old man's house. If I can get my husband's birthday message for my grandfather's birthday, it will certainly make him live longer, comfort my uncle and father's filial piety, and feel more glorious in our clan communication. "In the face of this naive child, Ye Dalong was surprised when he spoke some adult sentences. He was deeply moved by his filial piety, so he accepted Liang Qichao's request and began to write happily, writing a life story for Mr. Liang.
When he got home, Liang was seriously reading the first book. Zheng Xue, a Cantonese official, personally wrote a birthday article for himself. What a pleasant surprise. The double happiness in Chakeng Village immediately celebrated the birthdays of Liang Qichao's scholar and Liang Weiqing.
The story of two examiners fighting for their son-in-law (Shi Qixia)
In the 15th year of Guangxu, Liang Qichao, who was only 17 years old, took part in the Guangdong provincial examination, and he won the juren examination at one time, ranking eighth. He is also the best candidate among the new members and the youngest candidate in the province.
Liang Qichao's paper articles in this provincial examination are magnificent, magnificent, quick-thinking and rich in talents, which naturally attracted the special attention of the two examiners. Examiner Li Duanfen, from Zhu Gui, Guizhou (now merged into Guiyang); The assistant examiner is Wang Renkan from Fujian. Both of them appreciate Liang Qichao's knowledge and talent. Li Duanfen thought that he had been an examiner after having obtained the provincial examinations for many years, but he had never seen a student with superior intelligence like Liang Qichao. He felt that he should meet Liang Qichao and try his true intelligence. Meanwhile, Li Duanfen thinks that he has a young cousin waiting for a girlfriend. It's better to take this opportunity to marry this marriage, so he made up his mind to ask Wang Renkan, the vice examiner, to be the pro.
While Li Duanfen was considering this matter, Wang Renkan, the deputy examiner, wanted to betroth his unmarried daughter to Liang Qichao because he appreciated his intelligence. Therefore, when Li Duanfen asked him to be a matchmaker, he was dumbfounded. However, because it was put forward by Li Duanfen first, although he had unspeakable regrets in his heart and was speechless for a long time, he finally had to reluctantly agree.
Later, Li Duanfen took the opportunity of interviewing candidates and put forward his own ideas directly to Liang Qichao. Liang Qichao could not refuse this marriage in front of the examiner for a while, and he had no intention of refusing it. He deeply thanked the examiner for his kindness and cultivation and immediately wrote to tell his parents. Liang Qichao's father felt it was inappropriate when he learned that his family had been farming for generations, while the Li family had been an official for generations, so it was difficult to be elegant and the door was not right, so he politely declined. Li Duanfen once wrote a frank letter to Liang Qichao's father. He said, "I also know that Qi is beyond poverty, but he has a bright future and will soon be successful in official career. My family is seeking talents, not wealth, and I also know that my cousin understands the righteousness, so I dare to preside over this marriage for her, so you have to refuse. "
In this way, the marriage was settled. Later, Miss Li played an important role in Liang Qichao's life and became a much-told story.
○ Master Liang Qichao (Liu Yongzhong)
Liang Qichao, who won a scholarship in the senior high school entrance examination, continued to study hard and studied at Xuehaitang in Guangzhou, although he was not satisfied with his achievements. In Xuehaitang, there is a classmate named Chen, a native of Xiqiao, Nanhai County, who is very close to Liang Qichao and is also high flyers in the school. One day, when he came back from the outside, he said to Liang Qichao with great excitement, "Brother Liang, I heard that Mr. Kang Youwei from the South China Sea wrote to the emperor asking for political reform, but he didn't get the emperor's consent. Now that he has just returned from the capital, I want to see him. His knowledge is beyond your imagination and mine. It would be great if we could find a good teacher now. "
When Chen met Liang Qichao, he was still puzzled and introduced Kang Youwei's knowledge and thoughts to him. 1888, Kang Youwei participated in the rural examination in Shuntian, Beijing. He wrote a 5,000-word book "The Book of the Qing Dynasty" and asked Emperor Guangxu, "Strong neighbors are forced out, and traitors are in chaos. Once things change, how can we support them?" ? He also warned the emperor that if he persisted in the old ways and tried to be strong, foreign forces would inevitably enter the country further, and an uprising similar to the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom would happen again. Originally, Kang had already won the provincial examination, but Xu Tong, a die-hard minister, believed that "a frivolous person like Kang Youwei must go to court after he has won the examination." So he took his test paper and let Kang Youwei unfortunately fall off the list. However, this petition caused a sensation in the whole Beijing officialdom and had a great social impact, so Kang Youwei gained a certain reputation. Chen also said that in addition, Kang Youwei had many objections and strange arguments that he had never heard of. This news greatly shocked Liang Qichao, who was very eager for knowledge. He eagerly begged Chen to say, "Brother Chen, I also want to meet this Mr. Kang. Please take me to see him quickly. " Chen Xinran agreed.
After Liang Qichao saw Kang Youwei, he formally worshipped Kang Youwei as his teacher. Chen and Liang Qichao also asked Kang Youwei to open his own school, so Kang Youwei set up a "10,000 mu thatched cottage" in Changxing, Guangzhou. Liang Qichao ended his study in Xuehaitang.
Kang Youwei won the bid in 1893, four years later than Liang Qichao. Liang Qichao became Kang Youwei's disciple in 1890, and when 189 1 10,000 mu thatched cottage was founded, Kang Youwei still failed to win the bid. It can be seen that Liang Qichao worshipped Kang Youwei as his teacher, which is rare in history. But it also shows that Kang Youwei is really learned and unusual. He is not only knowledgeable, but also innovative. Otherwise, will Liang Qichao, who won the bid, worship at his door? At the same time, it also shows that Liang Qichao is really open-minded and eager to learn, no matter that Kang Youwei is just a scholar. As long as he is knowledgeable and can be a teacher for himself, he is still willing to worship him as a teacher.
○ Liang Qichao went to the media (Liu Yongzhong)
Liang Qichao is known as the darling of modern media in China. His pen is better than a hundred thousand soldiers. The World Bulletin edited by him is the starting point for him to enter the media. Here I will tell you the story of the first newspaper edited by Liang Qichao.
1In June, 895, Kang Youwei founded the Universal Bulletin in Beijing. Because they didn't want anyone to buy it at that time, they didn't dare to read it at all, so this newspaper was only used as a complimentary newspaper. They also agreed with the person who delivered the Beijing newspaper that it should be attached to the official residence together with the public copy of the newspaper, free of charge, and give the person who delivered the newspaper a certain reward. At the beginning, each issue printed 1000 copies, and each issue used two ounces of paper and ink, all of which were raised by Kang Youwei. The editors of this newspaper are Liang Qichao and Mai. The contents of the newspaper not only reproduced the memorial of the Qing government and articles of foreigners running newspapers in China, but also reported important news at home and abroad. There is a "comment", mainly written by Liang Qichao, such as an editorial or a short comment. What officials read in the World Bulletin was unheard of, and their understanding and discussion gradually changed, which had a great influence both inside and outside the imperial court. This newspaper has been running for more than a month, and it can print 3,000 copies. It can be said that it is a brilliant newspaper in modern China.
○ Liang Qichao's interesting education (Lin)
Liang Qichao believed in interestingism all his life. If someone asks him, what is the root of your outlook on life? He will answer: "Take music as the root. All my life, I have been doing what I have done with relish, full of excitement. What is pessimism? This word can be said to be completely absent from my dictionary. What I do often fails, but I am not only interested in success, but also interested in failure. "
On one occasion, Liang Qichao was invited to give an academic report at Nanjing Southeast University. At that time, he gave a lecture entitled "Educator's Home Field" to the students, further expounding the special benefits of education as a profession. At the beginning of his speech, he said: Confucius has repeatedly admitted that he has no other advantages, but he "never tires of learning and never tires of teaching." His favorite pupil exclaimed, "It is really difficult for us to do this." . Liang Qichao analyzed: "Why not? Because learning is not difficult, but it is not easy to be tireless; It is not difficult to teach others, but it is difficult to be tireless. Boredom is the first sin and the first pain in life. Boredom is a psychological phenomenon that you want to get rid of activities, in other words, don't want to work. Unwilling to work together will not only reduce work efficiency, but also produce endless disadvantages, so it is evil. On the other hand, no matter who you are, you always have to work to make a living. No matter how reluctant you are, work is inevitable. It is inevitable and unwilling to frown and cry every day to do the hard work that you don't want to do. Is it not to shut yourself alive in eighteen layers of hell? So boredom is the first pain in life. " Liang Qichao's speech aroused students' extensive interest, and the applause in the auditorium lasted for a long time.
The next day, he gave a speech entitled "Interest in Learning" to these students. At the beginning, he added: "I am a fun-loving person. If I divide Liang Qichao by chemistry, I am afraid there will be only zero left. " This opening remark about fun suddenly introduced the students' interest in attending classes.
Liang Qichao went on to say: mortals always live in fun, and life is valuable. If you have been sad for decades, life will become a desert. What's the use? I think everything in the world is interesting, except that 24 hours a day can't be extended to 48 hours, which is not enough for me to enjoy. What am I busy with? Busy is my taste. "I thought this was the most reasonable life in my life." Liang Qichao's classic exposition on interest has aroused students' extensive concern, and this interesting learning method is also of great enlightening significance to us modern people.
○ Kang and Liang wrote a letter (scarlet letter)
Juren who went to Beijing to take the exam in ancient times were all sent by provinces. It was customary to go to Beijing by bus, so Juren who went to Beijing to take the exam was also called "bus".
Before the establishment of the 10,000-acre thatched cottage and Zhongju, Kang Youwei wrote to Emperor Guangxu as a civilian, demanding reform to save the country and prevent Japan from further invading China. This was unprecedented in the Qing Dynasty, and people all over the country admired his audacity, so Kang Youwei's reputation was greatly improved, especially the scholars in Guangdong supported him. After the defeat of the Sino-Japanese War, even Weng Tonghe, the teacher of Emperor Guangxu, thought that Kang Youwei had foresight and attached great importance to him. This is Kang Youwei's first letter.
1894 was the Sino-Japanese War, and the Japanese invasion of China and Korea was called the Sino-Japanese War. China was defeated in the war. 1On April 7th, 895, Li Hongzhang, the plenipotentiary of the Qing government's peace talks, signed an armistice treaty with Japanese Prime Minister Ito Bowen in Shimonoseki, Japan, which was called treaty of shimonoseki in history. After the news that this humiliating treaty was about to be signed came out, it immediately aroused strong opposition from the people of the whole country, and of course it also aroused strong opposition from juren from China provinces who took the exam in Beijing.
When treaty of shimonoseki was about to be signed, Kang Youwei proposed to mobilize juren from all provinces to jointly write to the Emperor and refused to sign treaty of shimonoseki. After Liang Qichao called for help for several days and nights, the juren in Hunan responded first, followed by those in Fujian, Jiangxi, Guizhou and Sichuan, followed by those in Hebei, Shandong and Henan. As a result, the candidates from 18 provinces who took the exam in Beijing were encouraged. Kang Youwei was deeply encouraged. He immediately spent a day and two nights writing a 14,000-word "Letter to the Emperor", which we call "the letter on the bus" in history. He passionately put forward three suggestions: rejecting peace, moving the capital and reforming the country. More than 65,438+0,300 people signed the article. Later, people gathered in Songyun Temple to discuss and adopt the contents of the letter, and hundreds of people attended the meeting. Hundreds of scholars gathered in Beijing, which is an unprecedented initiative. Hehe, it can be said that this is the forerunner of China's later student movement.
The Lord and the faction saw this situation and immediately felt that the situation was not good. They sent people to the provincial assembly hall to intimidate people and ask them to revoke their signatures. Some timid juren did this under intimidation, but in the end, 603 people refused to give in and kept their signatures.
At that time, the court stipulated that the emperor's books could not be delivered directly, but could only be conveyed to the emperor through Duchayuan. By April 10, treaty of shimonoseki had been exchanged in Yantai on April 8. Officials of Duchayuan said that the signing of the contract was irreversible and refused to accept the "bus book". This is Kang Youwei's second letter. After the failure of the petition, Kang Youwei and Liang Qichao turned their reform thoughts to folk propaganda. In order to improve the general public's understanding of the current situation, the two of them wrote the booklet "Writing Letters on the Bus" in Shanghai. Because Kang Youwei was on the move at that time, he was in contact with all parties and had no time to write. He only provides opinions, and Liang Qichao is responsible for the actual writing. It took Liang Qichao several days and nights to finish writing this little book.
Kang Youwei wrote the third letter on the bus according to the contents of the book. This time, of course, the petition was transferred from Duchayuan, but it finally reached the hands of Emperor Guangxu. Guangxu and Prince Gong Yi Jin enjoyed it very much. They also ordered four copies, one for Empress Dowager Cixi, one for the military department to forward to the provinces, one for the Qing Palace, and one for the Qin Zhengting Exhibition. Weng Tonghe, the teacher of Emperor Guangxu, personally visited Kang Youwei. At this point, the petition movement has finally achieved good results.
○ The wonderful confrontation between Liang Qichao and Zhang Zhidong (scarlet)
It is said that Liang Qichao went to Wuhan to give lectures and paid a courtesy call on Zhang Zhidong, then governor of Huguang.
At that time, Zhang Zhidong really looked down on Liang Qichao. He always wanted to make things difficult for him, so he arrogantly made a couplet: the four rivers are the first, the summer seasons are the second, and the old man lives in Jiangxia. Who is the first and who is the second? This couplet is very clever. Among the four rivers, lakes and seas, rivers rank first, followed by spring, summer, autumn and winter and midsummer. Jiangxia refers to Wuhan Who is the first and the second? This obviously means that I am the boss.
However, Liang Qichao deserves to be a great scholar. After a moment's reflection, he occupied a link in his mouth: Confucianism is the first, three talents are the last, and the boy is Confucianism. How dare he be in front and behind! Truth is absolute, neat, neither supercilious nor supercilious. Three religions are Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism, and three talents are heaven and earth. I am not in front of you or behind you, so I am equal to you. Zhang Zhidong looked at it and was amazed. I was convinced by you. From then on, I changed my view of Liang Qichao and took Liang Qichao as my guest.
○ The Story of Bear Tower (scarlet)
Legend has it that one day during the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty, Ming Shenzong saw purple smoke rising from a mountain surrounded by a river in his sleep, and a beautiful phoenix was singing and dancing in the purple smoke. This dream was repeated for three days. He felt very strange and asked the dream interpreter to interpret it for him.
The dream interpreter held his finger for a long time and said, "Your Majesty, this is an ominous sign. Purple smoke represents imperial power, and phoenix symbolizes power and dignity. The phoenix took off in the purple smoke, indicating that a new imperial power is about to be born, and a new real dragon emperor or female emperor is about to appear. " Ming Shenzong frightened to disgrace, ask what is the way to save. The interpreter said that the only way is to find the dream place and then cast a spell to suppress this new imperial spirit, so as to ensure the stability of the country. Ming Shenzong quickly called the painter, drew this place in his dream, and spread it out to look around. Three months later, I finally found a place like Ming Shenzong's dream in guangzhou fu (when Xinhui belonged to guangzhou fu). About 100 years ago, there was a man named Chen Baisha in guangzhou fu. He is the only thinker and philosopher who entered the Confucius Temple in Guangdong for two thousand years. The place in Ming Shenzong's dream happens to be Chen Baisha's hometown, and the mountain in the dream is called Fengshan. Xinhui is an outstanding place. The birth of an imperial power is not accidental.
Ming Shenzong built a pagoda on Fengshan according to the dreamer's method, which suppressed the phoenix that was about to take off; This pagoda is built in literary style, which makes Xinhui a place where only scholars can faithfully serve the court.
Sure enough, more than 400 years later, Liang Qichao was born under Fengshan. He is known as an encyclopedic genius scholar because of his knowledge of both China and the West. His works amount to more than14 million words, which is the largest number of words handed down by writers since ancient times. And Liang Qichao's descendants are all literati. Liang Sicheng, Liang Sicheng and Liang were successively elected academicians of China Academy of Sciences, and a unique family was born.