"Comrades can recall their own learning process, which comes from what the teacher said in class and what they saw after class. I think it is about three to seven, which means that 70% is due to extracurricular reading. " This view of Lu Lao fully illustrates the great role of extracurricular reading in the formation of students' Chinese ability.
A person's language literacy can only be formed by long-term accumulation, as Zhuangzi said: "If the husband's water is not thick, he will be unable to do so." . The National Chinese Curriculum Standard for Full-time Compulsory Education clearly stipulates that "the total amount of extracurricular reading in nine years should be more than 4 million words", and the total amount of reading in primary school should be no less than 6.5438+0.5 million words. Its purpose is to enable students to "use a variety of reading methods", at the same time "initially understand and appreciate literary works", "be influenced by noble sentiments and interests, develop their personality and enrich their spiritual world", thus laying the foundation for students' all-round development and lifelong development. If students want to have a lot of accumulation, they must read widely, not just satisfied with the limited time and reading content in class. In order to enable students to read widely after class, teachers must strengthen the guidance of Chinese extracurricular reading for primary school students, stimulate children's interest in reading, and guide them to develop good extracurricular reading habits, so that extracurricular reading can become students' internal needs, a life experience in children's lives and a new conscious lifestyle.
First, the phenomenon of primary school students' extracurricular reading
Although everyone is aware of the importance of extracurricular reading, its quality is not optimistic. Generally, there are the following situations:
1. Lack of interest in reading and insufficient reading.
We can easily find that many students don't like reading. Because of the regulations of teachers and parents, they have to study. As long as they are not in the sight of teachers and parents, they would rather be in a daze than pick up books. Even if there is, it is not wholeheartedly involved. This loss of interest in reading leads to a decrease in reading, insufficient absorption and accumulation of language and poor reading quality.
2. Improper methods lead to poor reading quality and insufficient reading content.
The reading methods that students learn in class can't be easily transferred to extracurricular reading. Some students don't know intensive reading, but just read casually and don't require too much understanding. I only need to look at it briefly, but I won't let it go, wasting a lot of precious time. Some parents of students, because of their inexperience, choose books blindly, or the bibliography is too simple, which leads to a narrow reading range, which makes students mistakenly think that reading extracurricular books is just reading documents, or blindly listening to their children's opinions. Some parents are busy with work and have no time to discipline their children and let them choose for themselves. Causes their children to choose some books that are too demanding or too low, and some buy some comic books or even some vulgar books, which is not conducive to their reading development.
Why in today's quality education, when everyone attaches great importance to extracurricular reading, will there be such "pathological" extracurricular reading? Investigate its root cause, I think there are mainly the following reasons:
(1) Students are at an active age, so it is not easy for them to settle down and study. At the same time, because the relationship between school and family is not close enough, some parents don't understand the requirements of extracurricular reading and can't guide and supervise, which leads to students' lax extracurricular reading.
(2) Teachers' awareness of "Chinese teaching concept" is not strong, and they only pay attention to the research of classroom teaching, leaving this vast field for students themselves after class. Although some teachers have entered the field of extracurricular reading guidance, they suffer from the lack of theoretical knowledge and practical experience, so they lack purpose and flexibility and cannot guide students. This is the main reason for the disorder of students' extracurricular reading.
(3) Reading itself is not easy to master. Although extracurricular reading is also a part of Chinese teaching, it must be admitted that most of the time of extracurricular reading is outside the school and is completed by students who go home. Therefore, teachers have some difficulties in mastering extracurricular reading, which also leads to the low quality of students' extracurricular reading.
Second, my opinion on guiding students to carry out extracurricular reading
(1) Recommend excellent extracurricular reading content for children.
Good books educate people with healthy thoughts, inspire people with touching stories, edify people with noble sentiments, attract people with tense, thrilling and tortuous plots, and enrich people with scientific knowledge. Only by educating students to read good books can students be infected and cultivated by the beauty of labor, characters, society and nature from good books, and can they understand the truth, goodness and beauty and establish a correct aesthetic view. Pupils are young, inexperienced and don't know what real beauty is. Teachers should tell students which books are good and can be read, which books are bad and can't be read, and why, and constantly improve students' ability to distinguish what is true and beautiful. Therefore, in the process of guiding students' extracurricular reading, teachers should pay attention to helping students choose suitable extracurricular reading materials to prevent "eating by mistake" and "partial eclipse" in the reading process.
1, combined with age characteristics, select recommendation.
Pupils in lower grades are young, illiterate and have low reading ability, but they are full of fantasies. You can recommend more fairy tales, fables and children's songs. Primary and secondary school students have expanded their knowledge and improved their reading ability. They can recommend some revolutionary stories, children's novels, science fiction stories and children's poems. Such as "Open the Skylight" written by Jiang at the age of ten, teachers teach you to read, excellent books that primary school students must read, children's encyclopedia thinking and doing, five thousand years up and down, and so on. When the reading ability of senior pupils is further enhanced and their life knowledge is further expanded, they can recommend some historical stories, essays and novels that reflect real life, and also recommend some reading materials in social science and natural science.
2. Recommend reading according to students' hobbies.
Generally speaking, primary school students' favorite reading content is nervous, bizarre, tortuous and interesting. Genre is fairy tales, fables, stories (folk stories, battle stories, historical stories), novels (science fiction, historical novels) are easy to understand, illustrated and short. In terms of age, juniors prefer fairy tales and illustrated stories, while seniors prefer biographies and historical novels. From the perspective of gender, girls like fairy tales and folk stories, while boys like science fiction, historical stories and biographies. According to the age and cognitive characteristics of primary school students, teachers should start with satisfying their reading desire and recommend reading guidance to students.
3. Recommend reading in combination with text study.
Guiding students to choose books related to text content learning by text content learning can not only consolidate classroom learning content, but also stimulate students' reading interest and inquiry desire more easily. Teachers can recommend reading materials to students according to the extracted texts or the contents related to the texts. For example, there are 300 Tang poems, Andersen's fairy tales and stories of some revolutionary figures. You can also recommend reading materials with the same genre as the text.
4. Teach students to find suitable extracurricular reading materials in the library.
Due to the lack of extracurricular reading experience, many students go into the library and don't know where to put the books they are looking for. Even if they find their own books, they don't know why they put them here, not elsewhere. Some students even asked the teacher directly as soon as they entered the library, asking the teacher to help him find the books he wanted. In this case, I don't just help him find books, but tell him how to find books and let him find them himself. At the same time, we also provide students with basic information education, so that students can find books in the library as easily as they can find things in their own homes.
5. Guide the selection according to the content recommended by the curriculum standards.
The newly promulgated curriculum standard not only stipulates the reading amount of each academic year, but also specially recommends some famous books for students to choose to read. The Ministry of Education also organized the editing and publication of a series of extracurricular reading books for primary and secondary school students. These works are both literary and beautiful, and they are delicious food in students' extracurricular reading materials.
6. Organize subscription to children's newspapers and periodicals.
The contents of children's newspapers and periodicals are carefully edited by editors, with strong demonstration, pertinence and adaptability to students. Teachers can encourage students to subscribe to their favorite newspapers and periodicals, such as Little Copernicus, Edison, Children's Pictorial, Mickey Mouse and so on. Enjoy delicious extracurricular reading in time. In our class, the whole class also subscribed to Pupils magazine for unified reading guidance.
(B) effective ways to teach students to read
Zhang Zhidong once said: "Reading is meaningless and futile." Pisarov also said: "There are many good books in the world, but these books are for those who can read. The characteristics of primary school students' extracurricular reading are strong individuality, randomness and few controllable factors. Therefore, whether from the perspective of improving reading efficiency or from the characteristics of primary school students' extracurricular reading, we should attach importance to the guidance of extracurricular reading methods to help students master the correct reading methods and improve the efficiency of extracurricular reading.
1, let students develop the good habit of taking notes and studying hard.
1. Intensive reading and skimming. The most direct way to quickly find information and obtain information is skimming, which is the most commonly used but not the only way to read after class. Sometimes, when you encounter nuances that need to be pondered and pondered, you also need intensive reading.
② Read, write, approve, draw and remember. Extracurricular reading is very personalized, and what kind of method to choose depends not only on people's habits, but also on reading content and purpose orientation. Some extracurricular reading is limited to reading, some need to write reading notes and fill out weekly (monthly) reading cards, some need to batch and draw lines on them, and when encountering difficult words, you need to look up the dictionary or ask others to add comments.
③、
Reading and reciting. Obtaining language materials in extracurricular reading is the requirement of "Chinese Curriculum Standards for Primary Schools". In particular, some sentences, paragraphs and articles with beautiful language and wonderful content require students to recite or even recite on the basis of reading.
2. Learn to read and evaluate
Reading evaluation is the evaluation and inspection of readers' reading effect in the process of reading, and through the feedback of this evaluation result, readers can adjust their reading process in time, which is helpful to the optimization of reading process (this is applicable to senior primary school students). By reviewing the contents of books you have read, reading notes and gaining experience, etc. It is a comprehensive activity to determine whether you can master the main content of the work, understand the author's creative ideas, and understand the creative methods adopted by the author.
①.
The evaluation subject is multi-level. The outstanding personalized tendency of extracurricular reading determines that the evaluation of students' extracurricular reading needs multi-subject participation. That is, students' self-evaluation, mutual evaluation, group evaluation, parents' evaluation and teachers' evaluation are combined.
②.
The evaluation content is multi-level. The evaluation of students' extracurricular reading is generally carried out from four levels: attitude, habit, quantity and effect. Parents and students can be required to fill in the "feedback card for extracurricular reading" regularly to evaluate the purpose, author, reading time every day, whether they take the initiative to read, reading effect and so on. At the same time, combined with on-site reading report, reading summary card, reading notes detection and so on. , to conduct a comprehensive incentive evaluation of students.
③.
The evaluation results are multi-level. In order to truly implement and do a good job in extracurricular reading and create a campus with a strong "scholarly" atmosphere, the school should evaluate the extracurricular reading effect of each class every semester. At the same time, the class should also do a good job in evaluating the individual students. On the basis of listening to the reading report, the school can select a certain number of students from three grades: A, B and C (low, medium and high), check the reading effect on the spot against the "reading feedback card", and then make corresponding evaluation with reference to the reading notes. Finally, the "extracurricular reading star class", "excellent extracurricular reading class" and "qualified extracurricular reading class" were judged. As for the handling of students' individual evaluation results, a hierarchical system is also implemented, that is, the selection of "Doctor of Extracurricular Reading", "Master of Extracurricular Reading" and "Bachelor of Extracurricular Reading", and dynamic management is implemented between grades.
3. Read at a certain speed.
With the development of society, the amount of information we want to acquire is increasing day by day, and the intake of new knowledge is increasing day by day. Therefore, the conventional reading method is no longer suitable for social development, so we should learn to read quickly. The most commonly used method is silent reading. In some primary and secondary schools in the United States, continuous silent reading has been promoted.
silent
Reading), its purpose is to stimulate students' motivation to read independently and cultivate the habit of lifelong reading. The general practice is to spend 10 to 15 minutes every day, and students will choose the books, magazines or newspapers they want to read in the classroom. Teachers don't ask questions, write books, or record any grades. Its teaching effect is remarkable.
(3) Stimulate students' interest in reading and consolidate and expand the reading effect.
Research experiments show that when students are interested in reading, they always read actively and happily, and don't think reading is a burden.
In order to deepen extracurricular reading and make students have a strong desire to read, teachers should try their best to create a reading environment for students, provide them with time and space for reading, and carry out interesting activities with rich contents and various forms under the background of reading newspapers to stimulate students' reading enthusiasm and consolidate and expand reading effects. On the one hand, it broadens the knowledge by combining teaching, on the other hand, it makes students' reading interest last.
1, run a class book corner
Let students get close to books, and let books get close to students. The class can set up a class book corner according to the actual situation of the class. Small-scale book corner can provide students with a good extracurricular reading garden and create an extracurricular reading environment. Set up a special librarian and formulate a strict lending system. Let the book corner become the window of spiritual civilization and the base of quality education.
2. Establish reading interest groups.
Organize some students who usually do well in extracurricular reading, set up reading interest groups, and further improve their reading level and ability to use knowledge through the activities of interest groups, and then let these students drive other students to their own classes, thus improving the overall reading level of the class.
3. Organize students to go out and enrich their holiday life.
Enrich students' extracurricular life with books, and holidays are the golden season for reading activities. Use holidays, winter and summer vacations to organize students to go to the library collectively, guide students to gradually understand the library, and thus stimulate students' interest in reading in the library. Let students borrow books from the library, come here to find all kinds of latest books and periodicals information materials, satisfy their thirst for knowledge, and carry out "holiday bookworm activities" for a long time.
4. Form a system of reading books and newspapers.
Classes can subscribe to some newspapers and periodicals, such as Little Copernicus, Edison, Children's Pictorial, Mickey Mouse, etc. And use the first five minutes of each Chinese class and class meeting and weekly meeting to organize students' reading activities in a planned way. Doing so cultivates students' awareness, interest and ability to read newspapers, and helps to develop reading habits.
5, to carry out reading handwritten newspaper production competition.
Reflect your personal reading experience in your own newspaper, from layout design to manuscript organization. It enriches students' after-school life, integrates students' reading, writing, drawing and writing abilities, and improves students' comprehensive quality and ability through self-participation education. For example, the handwritten newspaper competition with the theme of "loving the motherland" and "traffic safety" has enhanced students' awareness of small masters and environmental protection, and cultivated students' noble aesthetic quality.
6, combined with education and teaching to carry out reading activities.
In the standard reading activities, students can be required to read several excellent books and write reading notes in one semester. For example, now our class is carrying out the activity of reading pig snoring. In the form of children's favorite, carry out interesting reading activities, such as holding story meetings, lectures, experience exchanges, theme class meetings, reading essays, book reviews and other activities, and select the best reading essays and notes to recommend to the school.
7. Carry out various exchange activities in combination with reading extracurricular books.
The forms of book exchange activities should be rich and colorful, which can be theme activities. Such as "Long March Poetry" recitation, Andersen fairy tale story meeting. I regularly hold story-telling competitions in my class in combination with reading extra-curricular books, fully stimulate students' interest in reading, summarize and judge in time, give appropriate evaluation, and judge the class as the "king of short stories". Through activities, let students show their reading achievements and experience the fun of reading, so as to devote themselves to reading activities with higher enthusiasm.
Writer Xiao Fuxing said: "Being able to love reading and know how to read is really a child's greatest wealth." A book is a ship that can take people far away. Shakespeare, the master of drama, said: "Books are the nourishment of the whole world. Life without books is like no sunshine, and wisdom without books is like a bird without wings. " In order to let students have a pair of tough wings, let our students swim in the ocean of books and let them grow up under the nourishment of knowledge, we must fully understand the position and function of extracurricular reading and attach great importance to cultivating students' extracurricular reading ability. Through publicity, guidance and various activities, reading becomes the need of students' study, life, growth and development, and books and reading accompany students' growth.