NO. 1 How do doctors of Chinese Academy of Sciences search and read documents (good habits benefit for life)
1. How to search for documents?
I study natural science, and I really need a lot of foreign literature at ordinary times. For natural science, Elsevier and springer are the first ones recommended in English literature retrieval. Although there are not many documents in these databases. But sometimes you will encounter documents that you can't find, and the database of these documents is not bought by our institute or university. What do we do? I basically get the literature in the following ways.
1. First, search in Google Academic Search, and you will usually find the document you are looking for. In Google academic search, the words "several in each group" usually appear, and then click separately after entering, and one of them may be downloaded to the full text. Of course, this is just an opportunity, not a panacea, because I often encounter this situation, so it is also a way to obtain full-text documents. You can try. At the same time, do you find that you can get some information from Google Academic Search? Google Academic Search will show the number of citations of your search articles. This number of citations is not accurate, but it reflects the quality of this article from the side. The number of citations of classic articles is absolutely high. At the same time, if you use the author's search, his articles will appear according to the number of citations, so that you can know which articles of the author are more classic and can do it without too much time.
2. If the above method can't find the full text, search the author's name or the title of the article on Google (not Google Academic Search) and use the author's name, because I found that many foreign authors like to directly post the full text (PDF) of the article on the Internet. Generally speaking, they will hang their articles on their home pages, which may also be to let other researchers know more about their academic fields and promote themselves by the way. In this way, you can download the full text of the literature you want. You can even download other articles similar to the author's content. If the literature is written by multiple authors, the first author can't find his personal homepage, so the second author can be found by the above method, and so on. Use the title of the article to search, because on some foreign websites, such as the libraries of some foreign universities, the full text of PDF published by our university in one year or in recent years may be hung online, or there may be such a similar full text on the ftp of this university. This will probably download the full text you want for free.
If you can't find the literature you want by the above two methods, you can write an email directly to the author for it. Generally speaking, the author likes to give his own documents to others, because he gives them to others, which is equivalent to spreading his academic thoughts. The following are common templates for me to ask foreign authors for literature:
Dear professor
I'm in XX Institute of China Academy of Sciences. I am writing to ask for your help. I found one of your documents:
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (Your literary title)
But I can't read the full text. Would you mind sending your paper by email? Thank you for your help. Best wishes! (or best regards)
×××
My experience is that writers from English-speaking countries will have greater opportunities to contribute articles. Generally, you can give it if you want it. Authors in other countries that don't speak English, such as Germany, France and Japan, may not necessarily give it. As a courtesy, if you want to contact the author of the document by email, don't forget to write back and thank you.
In fact, the last method is familiar to everyone, that is, posting on the wood worm for help. I also use another method, that is, directly ask the librarian of my college library to help me send the documents from the outside library. However, some documents may cost money. 0.3 yuan, because all the money for reading literature comes from disciplines, we don't think much about money.
2. How to get the latest scientific research information quickly and accurately?
How to get the needed information quickly and accurately from the vast ocean of information and learn to analyze and utilize information resources has become an important skill for people based on the information society. In today's complex information world, it is very important to improve the ability of researchers to obtain information accurately and quickly. The most important way for us to keep abreast of the latest scientific research achievements is to know the latest scientific research literature. But for our commonly used database, we can't visit the database once a day to see if there are the latest documents. For many foreign databases, the publishing efficiency of articles is very high. Some of them post a few new articles every week, some once every half a month and once a month, so it is difficult for everyone to keep browsing the database every day. But have you found that a good service function of foreign databases is that if you register your email address on the database website, the database will automatically send the contents and links of the articles to your email address to inform you directly. This will help us to get the latest information. Take Elsevier as an example, an "alert" clicked on the database website to enter. You need to enter a "user name" and a "password", which are for people who have registered an email address. If you haven't registered yet, you will also see an English line "If not, register now. It's free and allows you to "be on the right". Click "Register Now" on the right to register. Choose the periodical you need and your research field, and of course, fill in your email address. After successful registration, you can receive the latest literature, and you can modify your email address at any time. Not only databases like Elsevier have this function, but all foreign language databases have the function of "email reminder". You can try.
3. How to read literature
In fact, it is impossible to do scientific research without reading literature. Only by extensive reading and in-depth research can we accumulate and write famous articles. Don't be impetuous in reading literature, or just want to graduate. On the contrary, we should calm down and read a lot of documents. In the process of reading, some documents can be understood, but most of them can't. Learn what you know, and explore what you don't know. If it really doesn't work, just put it down for the time being. After a while, with the improvement of knowledge and ability, you will gradually understand something. Even though I still don't understand, I know there is such a thing in my heart, which will pave the way for further study. In addition, don't read the literature for the sake of reading it. We read it for our own scientific research, so we must combine your own data in the process of reading. After reading a document, you should sum it up. If you use your own data, how to explain it? There are also some articles in Niuren publications, which should not only learn the knowledge in the articles, but also learn the writing style of Niuren. A good article will certainly have a good style of writing, which is what we will learn when writing articles in the future.
In addition, I believe that many colleagues engaged in scientific research will have a feeling that the documents they have read are easy to forget if they are only marked and underlined, and it will be very troublesome to query after a while. Especially when you read hundreds of articles, although you can sort them out, the effect is still not good.
I suggest that when you read a document, open the word document, sort out the colorful and important parts of the article, then copy it, mark the title and author of the document, and put each document into a group. The method is simple to operate, and it will be very helpful when you want to inquire and repeat in the future, especially when you write an article, the relevant literature and its highlights can be seen at a glance. This method has been accumulated for a long time and is of great help to improve writing and reading. In addition, I sometimes translate some classic paragraphs or sentences into Chinese and put them in my notebook. This will not only save the trouble and time of writing articles in the future, but also sharpen the ability of English-Chinese translation, which is very beneficial to your oral expression when communicating with foreigners in the future.
Finally, please always remember that we should always check the literature when doing scientific research, and don't check it without looking. We must try our best to read them. Even a cursory look is useful. We should also treat scientific issues dialectically. The opinions of others in the document are just the opinions of one family. Don't be superstitious about authority.
"Science itself is a kind of human practice. Scientific research is a process of thinking. Scientific action is the activity of carrying out certain thinking processes, the purpose of which is to test the effectiveness of these thinking processes, and then to modify and improve these thinking processes in order to reach the highest understanding. Like all scientific practices, scientific judgment depends on personal experience, beliefs and emotions. Many of us, or all of us, have made mistakes in one way or another in our professional experience. Scientists should be open-minded, dare to abandon preconceptions and get rid of their attachment to wrong thoughts and feelings.
second
This is the learning experience of a doctoral student studying abroad, and I will share it with you in the teacher-student interaction column.
This is my personal experience inspired by an online article and combined with our professional characteristics. I hope it will be beneficial to everyone.
In order to carry out academic research from a high starting point, reading the original English is an essential link. I don't need to repeat the importance of reading English literature. The research of most domestic universities of science and engineering has been in line with the international standards, while the disciplines of management and economics are relatively backward, but some teams have been in the forefront.
If you read more Chinese documents, you will find that many contents are familiar, while English documents are better in breadth and depth. The purpose of reading English literature is not to add some references to the paper, which is good-looking. Of course, some people do this in China, and even more, they cite second-hand or third-hand documents in order to add English references, which is full of loopholes in the citation process. Extensive reading of English literature is the only way to improve comprehensive ability and level, optimize knowledge structure, change thinking mode and broaden research horizons. Of course, the most important thing is to combine the international advanced with the reality of China.
(1) What should I do if I can't read the original English?
Actually, I haven't read the original text before, and I can't understand it. Here's a good idea: find a classic Chinese book, just read a section you are interested in or related to, and then find one or two English reviews to read carefully. If you can't find the word, you can use Kingsoft to look it up. Maybe it will take you two days to read the first article, and it may only take one day to read it again two days later. Then maybe you only need half a day to read the second article! Then you will really find pleasure in reading English literature! (Quoted part)
I have the same experience as this author. It may be hard to read at first. After a period of training, you will soon get into the state and feel benefited a lot.
(2) What kind of literature do we need to read?
Although the overall level of English literature is relatively high, not all literature is worth reading. The premise of reading literature is to be able to retrieve valuable literature for you. The first step is to know how to retrieve documents. Now there are many English database platforms in the school, which can be searched and used reasonably. Of course, machine retrieval can't completely find articles related to the topic, so we need to expand the scope of retrieval, and then read the abstract carefully to screen documents related to our work. The second step is to know how to determine the value of an article, which is similar to China's literature reading. First, it is the articles of important journals, followed by the articles of famous scholars. For example, in the field of national innovation system, the literature of important authors and institutions such as Lundvall \ Freeman \ Nalson \ OECD \ Porter is required reading. We should not only read their classic literature intensively, but also follow up their latest research results, including working papers and discussion drafts. Studying important authors and reading classic literature can open a door for you to enter an academic network composed of core authors, related authors, major journals and major research institutions.
(3) Reading English literature requires perseverance.
Reading English literature requires perseverance. Not only for writing articles or doing projects to retrieve reading literature, but also for the whole process of graduate study. This is an important way to choose a topic and grasp the frontier fields, and at the same time, it can improve your English reading ability. Of course, the effect of literature reading will not appear in a short time, nor can it be said that you can understand it by reading a few English documents, but when you take English documents as the main reading object, it may change gradually.
Some Chinese documents have some shortcomings such as poor data reliability and unverifiable opinions (judgments). There are defects in the application of the method; The literature review is not comprehensive. For most social sciences, we will eventually study the China problem. China literature is the foundation of getting started, but articles in important domestic journals still need to be fully understood.
third place
Read less China literature and more foreign literature.
[b][color=Blue][size=4] The overall quality of domestic literature is not very high, which is not a compliment, but a fact. I advise you to look up Chinese databases as little as possible and read more English documents to improve your comprehensive ability and level.
(1) I can hardly read the original English. What should I do if I can't read it?
Actually, I haven't read the original text before, and I can't understand it. Here's a good idea: find a classic Chinese book, just read a section you are interested in or related to, and then find one or two English reviews to read carefully. If you can't find the word, you can use Kingsoft to look it up. Maybe it will take you two days to read the first article, and it may only take one day to read it again two days later. Then maybe you only need half a day to read the second article! Then you will really find pleasure in reading English literature! Other people's articles are really thorough and rich in content, both clinical and basic. (Compared with domestic literature). Many of my classmates don't want to read Chinese any more because they have read several foreign languages!
Of course, you can ask people around you if you don't understand. The special terms in general medical and biological literature are very distinctive, easy to remember and reproducible. Generally, you can remember it after reading it twice, so don't worry about the problems you don't understand. After reading the abstract, read the English abstract again. Pubmed is an endless treasure house, which is free to use. Read research articles when you are proficient, and clinical comrades can read some foreign clinical research articles. You will find that almost all the contents in the current textbooks are from foreign languages, only the results of ten years ago. If you can read the current literature, your knowledge will be by going up one flight of stairs! When you need to concentrate on research, you should generally look through the abstracts of recent research literature and read a few good articles selectively.
(2) If you read more books at ordinary times, you will naturally feel something and look for articles in higher-level magazines to read. Famous foreign scientists generally have a habit of carefully reading 1-2 high-level articles such as Science, Nature and Cell every week. I hope everyone can keep this habit! Science is free for the people of China! There is also a lot of content in nature that is free. Even without a password, you can get a lot of useful information. Clinical comrades must read The Lancet and New England Journal! These two books are simply classics!
Add one more thing:
(1) The reliability of China data is seriously insufficient, and many experiments are not credible. I was once seriously fooled. As a result, it took me nearly two months not to repeat an experiment. Later, I read foreign literature, alas, according to others' first success.
(2) There are abundant foreign literature, the logic of the paper is very strong, and the experiment is very convincing, which can cultivate people's scientific thinking ability. But China literature, alas, has no logic at all. I measured A, then B, and both of them went up, so I felt there was a connection between A and B, and so on. Such articles often appear in national magazines.
(3) Many people are afraid of professional vocabulary. In fact, English vocabulary is regular. After writing four articles (one week for each article), your English vocabulary will increase in one month 1000, and you are absolutely refreshed!
fourth
How to read foreign literature?
I studied economics. I read a lot of foreign literature. At first, I felt inefficient, not because I didn't know the words, but because I forgot the front after reading them. Later, I explored some methods and shared them with you.
Three steps:
First, read all the subtitles. Usually, English literature is very long. When you bring a document, string the subtitles first to find out the internal relationship.
Secondly, jump in and read the content of each subtitle. It is essential to indicate the author's point of view in the necessary paragraphs. This is to prepare for the third step.
Finally, jump out and string the full text again. Read the abstract according to the tag.
That's it.
Repost: some experience of reading foreign literature
PS: I never read foreign literature or learn from others.
My English foundation is not good, and I didn't pass CET-6, so I rarely read foreign literature when I was a master. I regret it when I think about it now. I have learned a lot less in two years. After getting a postdoctoral degree, I set myself a higher position. I began to bite my teeth reluctantly and read more foreign literature. It was slow at first, and some were difficult to understand. Up to now, I have carefully read about 100 foreign language documents and extensively read about 100 foreign language articles, which has benefited a lot. I don't read Chinese very much now, and I really feel that the quality of foreign languages is high (and some people catch up with it). Tell me about my experience.
1. First, find five foreign language articles that are most relevant to your paper, and spend a month reading them carefully and repeatedly, so as to understand them all. Those who don't understand can communicate with classmates and teachers. A month later, you hit the road.
2. How to read the title: Don't ignore the title of a paper. After reading the title, think about how to express the title in one sentence if you are asked to write it, and guess what the author's paper might be according to the title. Sometimes you can write a long title, but you may not be able to express it yet. You can refer to it next time you write.
3. How to read the abstract: Take a quick look, here mainly introduces what this article has done. It may not seem easy to understand at first, so don't be discouraged at this time. No matter what it looks like, you may understand after reading this article. Because the abstract is concise and omits many premises and conditions, it is normal that the author's intention cannot be understood at first sight.
4. How to read the introduction (preface): When you know something about your research field, it should be easy to read the introduction. The introduction is all introductory things and should be written like this, so if you read more documents, you will quickly read this part and sweep it away. Some classic sentences written by foreigners need to be written down and can be used next time.
5. What do you think of the data and experiments? There are many literatures, and this part of the content is also very simple. It is nothing more than introducing the experimental methods and how to do the experiments yourself. You can watch it soon, right?
6. How to read the test results: This part of the reading results must be combined with the charts in the results, so as to read quickly. It is mainly to understand the results of the experiment and the author's expression (for example, the author describes the results of some numbers with different sentence structures). Sometimes after reading it, I think: with such a little achievement, others can write so much in a big space. What if I can finish it in half a page?
7. How to treat analysis and discussion: This is the focus of an article and the most time-consuming. I'm generally not in a hurry to read the analysis and discussion finished in the previous part. I will think, if I make these achievements, how will I write this part of the analysis and discussion? Then slowly read the author's analysis and discussion, carefully understand the author's point of view and use it for me. Of course, sometimes other people's views are novel and profound, and it is reasonable to understand them occasionally. The more you read, the more you will understand and have more ideas.
8. How to read the conclusion: At this time, you can see the conclusion at a glance, and then look back at the summary after you have done it. In fact, it is similar.
9. Print out the downloaded papers and divide them into three categories according to their relevance to their own topics: intensive reading, extensive reading and selective reading. Bind them separately.
10. Don't stay after reading the literature. You must review every 3-4 months. You can compare your own test results as needed.
1 1. Learn to take notes, important conclusions, classic sentences and ingenious experimental schemes. Be sure to write them down for reference and study.
12. Some literatures with the same experimental methods and different conclusions can be read critically. I think I should be able to judge who is right by doing more experiments. The reasons for the same test method but different conclusions are as follows: (1) The description of test method is not detailed, and the method may be different; Different test conditions; Some authors exaggerate the results and fabricate data.
13. Read more literature when you have time. You'd better set a goal: surpass your boss academically. Because bosses generally don't read literature, they all do things by experience and don't understand many new things. Slowly, your boss will think you are great.
Anyway, I feel that if I read more, I will read faster, and I will gradually like reading foreign documents, and I will naturally gain more.
It might be a little messy. Let's make do with it. Let's fight together! ! !
Fifth place
Abuk said:
1. What is the main problem solved in this paper?
2. Is this question important? Why?
Why should I read this document?
Has anyone done it?
How will you design a method to solve it?
3. What conclusion did you draw from the chart?
What does the chart show? Can you explain this problem?
How will you get this picture?
What method does the author use?
Can you redraw this picture in your own language and express it?
4. What method does the author use to solve this problem? What is the hypothesis? What is the theoretical basis?
Do these methods meet the needs of argumentation proposition?
What kind of results do you think can be obtained by this method?
Is there a better effect or a simpler method?
Why did he design the experiment like this? How did you come up with it? What's the innovation? Why didn't you think of that?
5. Can these designs meet the needs? Why? What are the shortcomings of this method or places that need further clarification? What are the shortcomings of statistical methods for fruit analysis?
How are these experiments organized and what is the logical relationship between them? What is the significance of each experiment? What are necessary? What is unnecessary?
If I get this result, what conclusion will I get?
6. What is the conclusion of Article A? What's the difference from what you think?
How reliable is the conclusion? Do you support or change the original conclusion? How to evaluate?
How to draw a conclusion from the known knowledge in the discussion?
7. Does the result of test A support the conclusion of the article? What is the logical relationship among problem, design, method and discussion? How did the author achieve his goal? What are the philosophical thoughts and skills?
What other areas of uncertainty are speculative? Why are you not sure? Can I be more sure?
C article how to describe the results, analyze the trend of the chart, combine arguments and express your own views?
8. What are the similarities and differences with similar literature?
9. What changes have been made in the author's thinking compared with the previous literature? What's next? Can I further improve or join?
10, what others haven't done? If I continue to work hard in this direction, what can I do and what must I do under my working conditions, and others must do better and faster than me?