The Forbidden City was the imperial palace of China in Ming and Qing dynasties (1368 ~1911), also known as the "Forbidden City". 19 1 1 After the victory of the Revolution of 1911, the Qing government announced its abdication. According to the preferential treatment given to the Qing royal family by the temporary revolutionary government at that time, Emperor Pu Yi of Xun still lived in the "palace" behind the Forbidden City. 19 14, in the first half of the year, the "foreign dynasty" moved cultural relics from Shenyang Forbidden City, chengde mountain resort and other places and set up antique exhibition halls. 1924, Feng Yuxiang launched a "Beijing coup", organized a regent cabinet, revised the preferential conditions for the Qing royal family, and expelled Puyi from the palace. At the same time, he set up a "clean room" to clean up the public and private property of the Qing royal family and deal with all the aftermath. 1925 10 The Palace Museum was established in June 10. The Palace Museum is the largest museum of ancient culture and art in China, a national key cultural relic protection unit and a world-famous tourist attraction.

Up to now, the Palace Museum has collected more than 900,000 pieces of cultural relics, which can be divided into two categories: one is the historical relics and rare treasures of the Qing court, and the other is the cultural and artistic works of past dynasties, including famous paintings, calligraphy, inscriptions, seals, porcelain, carvings, jade articles, lacquerware, enamel, gold and silver wares, silk embroidery, Four Treasures of the Study, bronzes and foreign clocks in the Shang, Zhou and Warring States periods.

The Palace Museum Library is a professional library of cultural relics museum based on the royal collection of Qing Dynasty. There are 65,438+0,334 boxes of rare books with 65,438+0,576.02 volumes and 693 pages, which were regarded as "antiquities moved south" in War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression and then transported to Taiwan Province Province. Since 1949, more than 500,000 books have been purchased and accepted by private donors. The versions of ancient books are precious, including the Qing Dynasty Neifu engraving (temple edition), codex, Ming and Qing Dynasty Fang engraving, home engraving and so on. The content is mainly about historical records, celestial calculations, epigraphy, calligraphy and painting, Buddhist scriptures and the books of various ancient scholars. In addition to a large number of Chinese books, there are also a number of Manchu, Mongolian, Tibetan and palindrome books. Its collection is an important part of the existing ancient books in China.

After the establishment of the Palace Museum, on the basis of the inventory, it began to edit and print all kinds of cultural relics catalogues and books and archives, and regularly published publications such as The Palace Weekly, A Tour of the Palace Museum and A Tour of Historical Materials. After 1949, large-scale catalogues and collections were edited and published, including Collection of Famous Paintings in the Palace Museum, Collection of Laws in the Palace Museum, Collection of Porcelain in the Palace Museum, Collection of Arts and Crafts in the Palace Museum, Palace Museum, National Treasure, Court Life in Qing Dynasty, etc. Published publications include The Palace Museum Quarterly and The Forbidden City bimonthly. 1983 The Forbidden City Publishing House was established to be responsible for editing and publishing.

The Palace Museum is also an academic research unit of the Cultural Relics Museum. According to the Organic Law of the Palace Museum (1928), "The Palace Museum may set up various special committees for academic needs". 1929 organized experts and scholars inside and outside the hospital, set up a special committee on cultural relics, and preliminarily evaluated and identified the cultural relics in the hospital. 1949, experts and scholars inside and outside the hospital were organized for many times to re-evaluate all kinds of cultural relics in the hospital, and their grades were delineated and distinguished according to their historical and artistic values. On this basis, the research on cultural relics, architecture, gardens, ancient books, court history and museum science was further carried out. 1953 Establishment of an academic committee.

The Palace Museum is the largest museum of ancient culture and art in China, a national key cultural relic protection unit and a world-famous tourist attraction.