As early as the Tang Dynasty, some people in our country invented block printing, and the appearance of the first block printing paper "Diamond Sutra" finally enabled people to issue articles and books in batches. However, the speed of engraving printing is not fast enough and the service life of the board is not long. Bi Sheng invented movable type printing in Song Dynasty, which greatly improved the service life of movable type. However, it is still very difficult for staff to find out the words to be used one by one from thousands of reverse carved Chinese characters. /kloc-In the 9th century, German Gu Dengbao invented the printing machine, which greatly improved the printing speed of books, but this technology was not applied to the printing of Chinese characters.
In 1980s, due to the lack of advanced technology, most printing plants in China still used movable type ink printing technology, which was basically the same as that of 1000 years ago. My grandmother is a worker in a printing factory. There are many processes in the printing of a book. The first is typesetting. After getting a page, the compositor should find out the words to be used from thousands of fonts according to different font sizes and embed them in the same iron plate as printing paper. The fonts must be arranged neatly. A slight deviation will affect the quality of printed books. Even the factory has a clear deduction standard for one millimeter. After typesetting is completed, the plate loader will tie the iron plate firmly around, and fill the blank space with wooden boards to ensure that the type will not move. After the board is installed, print it out with a printer like grandma. There are also several kinds of printing machines, including directional machines, four-headed machines and automatic machines. Grandma uses a steering gear. The orienter can print less than 8 quarts of paper. Before each printing, you should put the ink evenly in the Mo Dou. There are two wooden rollers on the Mo Dou, which roll up and down. After dipping in ink, apply ink to iron plate and type. The iron plate is placed vertically under the Mo Dou, and there is an automatic opening and closing device similar to a drawer in front. Open this drawer, the roller brushes ink on the iron plate, the printer takes out the printed paper from the drawer, and then takes out a piece of white paper from the paper pile on the right and puts it vertically. At this point, the drawer is closed again and printing begins. The opening and closing speed of the drawer can be controlled by the handle on the right side of the printer. Grandma said that the average worker can print about 8 thousand sheets of paper a day and work eight hours a day. It takes only 3.6 seconds to complete the action of taking and putting paper. Moreover, Grandma's previous fastest speed was12,000 sheets per day, which required a high concentration of people and repeated the same action. Standing for a long time not only causes backache, but also has little time to drink water and go to the toilet.
At this point, a book has not been finished. After printing, the paper should be sent to the binding workshop. Workers nail the paper together, brush glue on the spine, affix the cover, and a book is really finished. Small and thick books like Xinhua Dictionary need to be taken home by workers, and the pages are sewn into many pamphlets. Sometimes millions of primary school textbooks even need to be prepared half a year in advance. Such a huge project, the printing of a book is really the crystallization of countless people's sweat.
Thirty years later, my grandmother's younger brother, my uncle, publicly opened an advertising company and also printed books and documents for others. At this time, with laser phototypesetting technology, the process of typesetting type is omitted. Workers input Chinese characters on the computer, typeset and copy the arranged contents to the film, which is covered with a layer of steel plate, and then used luminescent film and copper plate. The copper plate is pre-coated with liquid medicine, and the light penetrates the blank area on the film, so that the liquid medicine on the copper plate falls off within this range. Such a steel plate will become uneven and full of typesetting content after being corroded by chemical solution, and can be loaded into a printing machine for printing. . . . . .
In the 2 1 century, after so many generations of reform and innovation, books have come to us with a great deal of knowledge in a green and lighter posture, which is e-books.
Many people pay attention to the history taught in the book, but few people pay attention to the development history of the book itself. It is precisely because so many people are working hard for the printing of books that books can be published so quickly and the spread of culture can be easier. People keep learning knowledge from books and have made more inventions, which have brought great changes to human life and the face of the times.
Everyone wants a better life, but this beauty needs our hands to create. Love books! Because books can teach us how to make life better. Reading, because so many generations have worked hard for the spread of books, is only for us to make life better with the knowledge of books.
Two:
Wandering in the sea of books, the excited heart of the child can be quiet. In the course of lunch, the children who finished first moved chairs and sat down to read books. Then they finished eating one by one, and the children began to read quietly.
I remember that at the beginning of school, I asked my parents to prepare a toy for their children in order to appease their discomfort when they first entered the park. Several boys brought transformers and children brought toy cars. The activity room is very lively and everyone is happy to play together. After a few days, I found that there were more and more children with transformers, and more and more children were damaged. Gradually, there are more quarrelling and crying children in the class. I wonder if that's all the toys I asked my parents to bring to their children at first.
In the afternoon, I saw several children taking books from the reading corner. Then, I thought that the characteristic education in our class is Chinese. Why not invite parents to participate, so that our children can have more interesting books to read? So, before I left the park, I set a task for the children to bring a book from home to the park. On the first day, two or three children brought Children's Intellectual World, Understanding Animals and Short Stories before Sleeping. I rewarded the children with golden flowers, and they were very happy. They read with relish whenever they are free during the day. In the next two or three days, more children brought books, and I still rewarded these children. Sometimes, I find that some children bring books that are not suitable for our middle-class children. Therefore, I communicated this situation with my parents through the school motto. Now, there are more and more books on the shelves in our class. In order to make children develop the good habit of caring for books while reading, I use small stickers to write their names and student numbers at the top of each book so that other children can return them to the owner in time when they borrow books.
In order to let children understand the contents of the book and truly become a small reader who loves reading. Next, the class will establish a book borrowing system. Let the children finish the books they still want to read and take them home to read. The initial idea of the system is: invite children to borrow books at home every weekend, and the teacher should register well. Encourage parents to guide their children to read and form a good habit of parent-child reading. When children really wander in the book, they infiltrate it happily like small fish. When children understand the story inside, they can boldly tell it in front of the group, so that children can feel the joy of reading in the applause of their peers.
From now on, let's love reading and travel with teachers, parents and friends.
Three: people have to learn when they are alive.
Aristotle was asked what is the difference between educated people and uneducated people. He replied, "It's like the difference between the living and the dead." Although I can't fully agree with this view, through the study and practice in recent years, what I feel most is that participating in study and education can make us learn knowledge, be polite, reason and understand the true meaning of life. If you don't study, one may become a frog in the well, lag behind the times and be eliminated by society. Therefore, life can not be without learning, and life without learning must be an empty life.
Read more books to benefit more.
From the personal growth experience, reading more books and reading good books can not only increase knowledge, broaden horizons, but also improve self-cultivation. It can be said that I really tasted the sweetness of reading, just like farmers no longer have to pay agricultural taxes. For our young soldiers, we should still take reading as a pursuit, gradually develop the good habit of reading more and reading better, lay a good theoretical foundation, strengthen our political beliefs, and take a correct life path. Read more books on theory, let theory take root in your mind, and illuminate the road of life with the sunshine of theory.
Knowledge is also wealth.
Some people regard the amount of money as a measure of wealth, while others regard the amount of power in their hands as a symbol of potential wealth. But I think knowledge is also a kind of wealth, which is more precious than money and power. Although the purpose of our continuous learning and acquiring knowledge is not only to make money, there is no doubt that knowledge is power and knowledge is wealth. The more knowledgeable people are, the easier it is to acquire material wealth. Only by assiduously learning new knowledge, enriching one's mind and broadening one's horizons can one never fall behind and be abandoned by the times.
More study can cure fools.
"Learning more can cure fools". For individuals, learning can improve their thinking and self-cultivation, improve their temperament, transform their thinking, guide their work and life, and help them make great achievements. "Knowledge changes fate, and knowledge creates miracles". Nowadays, knowledge is changing with each passing day. If you don't realize the importance of learning, practice hard and master some skills, you will not keep up with the development of the times and you will be eliminated. "Learning more can cure fools". Only by reading extensively, assiduously digesting, practicing more and being brave in creation can we achieve our own career and social progress. As a soldier, as a collective, we should contribute light and heat to the overall construction of the company.
Four: How to be a qualified middle school student?
First of all, a qualified middle school student should be a person with good conduct. Good conduct means that he must be a person with noble moral sentiments and enterprising spirit, a person who abides by order and code of conduct, and a person who loves life and is full of ideals. With love, you can feel the joy of life; Only with love can we create harmonious interpersonal relationships; With love, we can enjoy the true meaning of life; Only with love can we feel the greatness of mankind. A caring person will never feel lonely in life. However, if you interfere with the normal working, studying and living environment of others in order to satisfy your own personal interests, if you neglect your studies, your youth and your ambition, how can priceless love be presented to you?
Secondly, a qualified middle school student must be a hard worker. British philosopher Bacon said: "Reading is enough to make people happy, knowledgeable and talented." In our school, most students are well aware of the decisive role of knowledge in their own growth and development. I am happy and proud of the efforts of these students, and I am also ashamed and uneasy for those students who suffer from "knowledge numbness". In the face of books, eyes are dull, in the face of class, eyes are dull, in the face of exams, eyes are helpless, in the face of grades, eyes are turbid. Perhaps, they are too rich families!
Third, a qualified middle school student must be a cooperative person. Professor Zuckerman, an American female scientist, made such a statistic: in the first 25 years after the establishment of the Nobel Prize, only 4 1% won the prize for cooperative research, 65% in the second 25 years and 79% in the third 25 years. Nowadays, few people enjoy exclusive fame. With the development of the times, future social cooperation will inevitably become the most basic form of human life. Unesco also regards "learning to be a man, learning to do things, learning to cooperate and learning knowledge" as the four pillars of education in the 2 1 century. For a middle school student, if he learns to cooperate, he must integrate himself into the class and school, and he must establish a harmonious relationship with others.
Students, as the sun rises in Ran Ran in the first round of the new semester, each of us has turned a new page in our lives. Some people may say: Yes, if you think about the past, there are too many mistakes and too many misses. Let Tagore's poems awaken our hopes. "I once missed the sun, but I didn't cry, otherwise I would miss the stars and the moon." Student: Raise your smiling face and leave your shadow.
Reading and growth
Gorky once said: "Reading, an ordinary process of learning from one thing to another, is actually the greatness of human mind and all nations, both ancient and modern."
A combination of wisdom. "I didn't quite understand the meaning of this sentence. Now, I understand, this chrysanthemum just tells us,
Reading grows with me. 2 Books are the crystallization of class command, the ladder of human progress and the spiritual food for people.
I have an indissoluble bond with books since I was born: baby education books that feed us; Story books told by parents; uncommunicative
The future is our literacy book; Preschool comic books; School textbooks; Extracurricular prose, selected compositions, popular science books, history books, and many famous books.
It can be said that books were indispensable when I was growing up.
Cheer for the rising China. Therefore, I especially like reading. I especially like reading in the evening and early morning. At dawn, I leaned against the table, leaving yellow leaves like flowers outside the window.
Sadness hangs, but my new insistence on the agreement with the book.
Reading famous sayings or in the evening, sitting alone by the window, listening to the rain outside the window like poetry, reading life like a play, "lifting yourself to the pool" and "hanging the southeast branch"
Helpless choice, indomitable "more than three thousand armor can swallow Wu for decades", "feather fan black silk scarf, joking in the wall"
I am amazed at how to read the peerless elegance of Chinese and foreign masterpieces! Running script, like beautiful notes, plays a profound and distant nature.
Day after day, I savor the essence of my work in a book. Difficult words are no longer an obstacle to understanding. Reading is very important to me.
For me, it is not so much a burden as a need.
I remember when I was a child, my mother patiently taught me to recite Tang poems. After dinner, my mother taught me to read 300 Tang poems.
When my mother speaks, I will parrot the Tang poetry in the poem. ...
Before I went to primary school, I was able to read some story books independently.
In my junior year, I could read a lot of books and fell in love with course books, so my mother bought me a set of children's encyclopedias.
Several thick books, such as cosmic meteorology, human civilization and world geography, are all in these knowledge books. Every question in every book is very detailed.
Delicate, I really can't put it down. While studying when I was hungry, my family moved into a new friend-"One Hundred Thousand Children in China under the New Reality".
Why? "This set of books has added a lot of knowledge to me.
Once, when the teacher gave us a more specific introduction to the underwater creatures in Beautiful Underwater World, I recalled that I was in a new world.
Ji Zhonghua has a hundred thousand children. Why? I learned about the living habits of turtles and introduced them to my classmates. What's it like to be a little teacher?
Great, but I owe it to my book club! !
Now that I am in the sixth grade, I will certainly pay more attention to reading some excellent essays and compositions. I not only accumulated a lot of good things from the article.
Good words and sentences have also learned a lot about being a man.
Gradually, my articles are no longer just spring flowers, autumn moon and summer dawn, but also a little more calm, inclusive and academic in my erratic writing.
I learned how to make myself have a super but open-minded attitude in a changeable life. Some people are surprised at my change, but my answer is only faint.
Smile: "It's all thanks to books."
Reading is accumulation, and the size of knowledge depends on accumulation. Time is like water, gone forever. How can we not let it flow away in vain?
What about death? Only by grasping yourself, grasping knowledge and grasping today can you grasp life and the future. Books will continue to accompany me.
Grow up with the aura of my life.
Five: Love reading.
Students! Under the peaceful blue sky of the motherland and in our beautiful campus, we have better learning conditions than our predecessors. We can swim in the sea day and night, study and climb the mountain of books. We have become a new generation of scholars, ambitious and seize the day. After learning textbook knowledge well, we should read a lot of books, read Li Bai's elegance in the book, read Su Shi's boldness, think of Lu Xun's coldness and profundity, and feel Bing Xin's passion. Gorky said after suffering: "Books make me a happy person." Isn't it? Reading brings us the most meaningful pleasure and the most lasting motivation; Reading brings us peace of mind and spiritual comfort. Friends may leave, but books are the most loyal partners. Time goes by, but reading keeps us young forever! Moreover, reading enables us to gradually establish communication with great writers at all times and in all countries. Under their guidance, the door of history opens for us and the future will show us an ideal blueprint.
Some people say that "reading is enough for fun, gambling is enough for talent", which broadens people's horizons, gains new knowledge and cultivates their sentiments. Because there is a vast world in the book, there is an immortal spirit. Although things are different, books are always new. So, love reading! Just like a hungry man jumping on bread, he loves reading, reading shocking noble works, kissing great spiritual enlightenment, absorbing the essence of wisdom beyond birth, illness and death, letting his eyes look to a wider space and time, and letting his heart communicate the past and the future, the known and the unknown.
Bing Xin, a century-old man, said, "Read well, read well, read well." This is a wise saying. Reading a good book can enrich the mind, distinguish between right and wrong, make people caring, civilized in behavior and standardized in etiquette; Reading a bad book makes people narrow-minded, shameless, selfish and cruel.
There is a story that Russian lomonosov wanted a book most when he was a child. He is the son of a fisherman. During the day, he goes fishing with his father, and at night, he hides in the shed and reads books. One day, lomonosov and his father were fishing at sea. Suddenly, there was a strong wind, the sea raised huge waves, and the sail of the ship was blown off. The situation is very urgent. Desperate, he climbed up along the swaying mast, and soon the sails blown by the wind were firmly tied, and the fishing boat returned to stability. After the gale passed, his father pulled him to his side and said with a smile, "Son, I will reward you for your bravery and buy you a deerskin coat, ok?" Lomonosov shook his head. "Then what do you want?" "I want to buy a book, dad, and nothing else." "Isn't a deerskin coat better than a book?" "Dad, I want a good book with all kinds of knowledge. For example, why do the stars in the sky fall, and why the night is the dawn in the past ... "Father and sailors opened their eyes in surprise. When he grew up, lomonosov became a famous Russian scientist, poet, linguist and historian. His scientific research covers a wide range, involving many fields of natural science. At the same time of scientific research, he also conducted literary creation, linguistics and historical research, leaving many valuable works for future generations.
Dear students, after listening to this story, you will certainly get some insights and enlightenment from it. In the new century, I hope all students will be accompanied by good books: literature, art, knowledge, science and technology, thought and life ... as long as they are good books, it is beneficial to open them; Only by reading extensively can we have profound knowledge; Only with the company of books, the mind will not be poor and lonely, the body and mind can be cultivated, and life can be full of interest.
"Half an acre of square pond, day put * * *. Ask where the canal is so clear because there is a source of living water. " Students, let's drink this "flowing water from the source", climb the ladder of human progress, and become a rich man of knowledge, a spiritual giant and a high-quality builder of the motherland in 2 1 century.
Six: Reading makes me grow up happily.
Dear teachers, judges and students,
Good Morning, everyone!
The topic of my speech today is: Reading makes me grow up happily.
If I am a small tree, then the book is brilliant sunshine, shining on me and making me grow up happily;
If I am a small fish, then the book is a clean stream, nourishing me and making me grow up happily;
If I am a bird, then the book is the blue sky, which supports me and makes me grow up happily!
I like reading books since I was a child. I remember when I was in kindergarten, I learned A, O and E very early. Why? Just to hold my beloved book and soar in the sea of books as soon as possible. At that time, books were like a colorful world, which made me linger. In the book, I flew into the blue sky with birds, sang and danced with elves, and played hide-and-seek with butterflies. ...
As time goes by, I grow up day by day, and one book has become my good partner: I have read fairy tales, science fiction, encyclopedias and world famous books. I often sit quietly at my desk, sometimes thinking, sometimes imagining, sometimes happy, sometimes sad. In the Water Margin, I met Song Jiang who was loyal and tolerant. In the Romance of the Three Kingdoms, I met Zhuge Liang who was resourceful. In Robinson Crusoe, I learned to be strong when encountering difficulties; In How Steel was Tempered, I learned the power to overcome difficulties! Reading "Rural Teachers", I was moved by the spirit of male teachers who sacrificed themselves for others and were loyal to their duties. I am proud of the cleverness of the protagonist when I read Who gave you the chance. Reading "National Treasure of China" and "National Hatred of China" let me know the glorious history that the Chinese nation once had, and also let me know the humiliation that the Chinese nation once suffered! More importantly, Premier Zhou Enlai and I have the same wish-to study for the rise of China! Study hard and revitalize China! Although I can't have such great achievements as Premier Zhou, I will pass on my wishes and hobbies to my students! Books are infinite treasures, which add a wealth of knowledge to me; Books are a happy paradise, which makes me forget all my sadness. Books, like the sunshine in winter, bring me the warmth of spring; Books are like oases in the desert, giving me new hope! In this way, the book has accompanied me year after year, and I have gradually grown up in the book!
Flowers can not be separated from the care of the sun, grass can not be separated from the moisture of rain and dew, as an educator, I can not be separated from the nourishment of books! When teaching Chinese, see the primary school Chinese teacher and primary school Chinese education. Watch music education, music world and campus songs in primary and secondary schools when teaching music. When I take my head teacher, I also watch Jiangsu Education, Teachers' Fair, friends of the head teacher and readers. Now I have opened "Educational Research" and "Xuzhou Educational Research" ... In short, I will read books related to any subject I teach, so as to achieve "extensive reading, but little progress"!
Now, I have grown into a backbone teacher, which is closely related to my daily reading: because of reading, I have a rich cultural background, and often put pen to paper and wrote the first prize paper; Because of reading, I have a wealth of educational theory, flexible control of my classroom, teachers have given me thumbs up, so every time I start a class outside, I am indispensable; Also because of reading, I learned to be a man and became the favorite teacher of teachers and students. ...
Today, I am still doing one thing unswervingly: reading! I study, take children to study, take students to study, let us grow up healthily in a happy reading atmosphere!
The eagle will fight the wind and rain in the vast blue sky, the fish will chop the waves in the boundless ocean, and I will also get spiritual food from rich books and grow up happily in this vast sky!
My speech is over, thank you!
Hope to adopt