10 at 2 am, Guo Wenlin led more than 500 people from Nantun. After his departure, he burned down the barracks, warehouses and officers' quarters there. On the morning of the same day, the troops arrived in the Sinihe area to rest. On the way to the Sini River area, Guo Wenlin discussed the current situation with Chief of Staff Zheng Zhurzab (4), and felt that it would definitely not end well to continue to follow Japanese militarism. The only way out is to take this opportunity to kill Japanese officers in the army and then surrender to the Soviet Union. After the matter was settled, Zheng Zhurzabu found several reliable Mongolian officers to discuss the specific action plan in secret, and decided to send unarmed people and sick people (including Japanese) to Zhalantun in the rear first. Secondly, strive to kill all the Japanese officers in the army and then surrender to the Soviet Union. The action time is scheduled for August morning 1 1.
When the troops were resting on the Four Rivers, the Japanese officers at the headquarters opposed the orders of Guo Wenlin and Zheng Zhuer Zabu to "build fortifications on the spot, rectify and stand by" and demanded that the troops quickly enter the defense zone to stop the Soviet troops. At this moment, Soviet planes dropped leaflets, calling on the officers and men of the Puppet Manchuria to recognize the situation, destroy the Japanese aggressor troops and surrender to the Soviet Union. Soviet leaflets caused great shock in the army and strengthened Guo and Zheng's determination and confidence in leading the uprising. As a precaution, 10 held another officers' meeting that night, and decided that when the troops moved the next morning, Chief of Staff Zheng Zur Zab gave a signal to start work together.
On the morning of August 1 1, the whole army headed for Xing 'an Mountains (in fact, this was part of the plan to confuse Japanese officers), and Japanese officers rode forward in the army without vigilance. When the troops marched to a place not far east of the Temple of Sini River, the command of "troops retreat" was issued in Zhengjulzab. After the company commander Magsil fired three shots, the officers and men who knew about it began to destroy the Japanese officers. After dozens of minutes of fierce fighting, in addition to a few people who escaped, * * * more than 20 Japanese officers and men were killed. According to a confession in September 1954, these Japanese officers who were killed were: Lieutenant Colonel Nan Sataro, a senior aide; Captain Fukuzawa Toshihiko, Lieutenant Colonel Chuanlong, and Commander Island of the Ministry of Munitions; Captain Xiaohe and news from the Ministry of Munitions; Captain Morisato, Ministry of Munitions; Lieutenant Colonel Otai of the Department of Veterinary Medicine; Major Matsumoto; Lieutenant Colonel Shunping Sakai, trench captain; Commander of artillery battalion, Major Oshima; Captain Gong Ze, commander of artillery battalion. Major Pingze, deputy head of the 50th Cavalry Corps (heard that he ran out in the Soviet Union), Major Yi Shi, deputy head of the 5th Kloc-0 Cavalry Corps, Captain Okada (heard that he ran out in the Soviet Union), Captain Morimura, Captain Yamamoto, captain of the trench company commander, Lieutenant Colonel Naize, Lieutenant Kazuo Hirai of the Gendarmerie, three or four families of the communication team and two adjutant offices.
It should be said that the planning of this event was thorough and the event was completely successful, thus leaving a very glorious and far-reaching page for Hulunbeier's modern history.
After that, the soldiers of the whole army took off all the hats, badges and epaulettes of the puppet Manchukuo army, and the army was renamed the "First Army of Han Dynasty". At the same time, Seren (Buryat Mongolian, Guo Wenlin's Russian teacher), the flag bearer of Soren Banner at that time, was invited as a special envoy, carrying the Russian surrender book dictated by Zheng Zhuer Zab and written by Seren, and approached the Soviet Union about surrender. In view of the fact that there are still Japanese troops in Hailar, they decided to surrender to the Soviet troops in Ulan Harighana (now south of Ewenki Banner). On June 5438+02, as agreed in advance, the whole army crossed the Yimin River, laid down their weapons at the designated place and formally surrendered to the Soviet Union. Subsequently, Guo and Zheng He Guo's adjutant, E Xintai, were sent to the rear headquarters by the Soviet army. /kloc-on 0/3, Soviet planes dropped Guo Wenlin and Zheng Zhuer Zab's Notice on Persuading the Puppet Army to Surrender, calling on other troops in the 10th Military Region to lay down their weapons and surrender to the Soviet Union. It was under the influence of this incident that more than 700 cavalry regiments led by Colonel Jin Yongfu and Colonel Guo Meilang in the south and more than 400 cavalry regiments in the 5 1 on the north killed Japanese officers in the army respectively and surrendered to the Soviet Union around August 15. Since then, the Soviet army has moved troops from the 10 military region into Mongolia. Many people died in custody because of mismanagement and epidemics. More than a month later, the Soviet army sent all the remaining personnel back to Hailar's former Japanese barracks to build a memorial tower for Soviet martyrs. After the completion, at the request of Hulunbeier local autonomous government (the author's father Erdun Batu, then lieutenant platoon leader, witnessed the scene of killing Japan and participated in the construction of the memorial tower), all of them were released at the beginning of 1946.
Third, the impact and significance of the Sinni River incident
As mentioned earlier, it is no accident that Guo Wenlin and Zheng Zhuer Zabu led and launched the Four Rivers Incident. Both the Japanese Kwantung Army's awakening of national consciousness caused by a series of perverse actions and the unexpected development of the situation prompted it to wake up and do this. Of course, there is a "forced" nature here. Without the Soviet Union's declaration of war on Japan and the full-scale attack of the Soviet Red Army, they might not have launched the Four Rivers Incident, at least not in August 1 1. However, it should also be noted that at that time 10, the Soviet Red Army had not exerted military pressure on the troops led by Guo and Zheng, and there was no conflict or fighting between them. When they learned that the Soviet Union had declared war on Japan and realized that Japan was inevitably defeated on the way south, they decided to kill Japanese officers and surrender to the Soviet Union. At this point, they can still understand the situation clearly and resolutely embark on a bright road at the critical moment of historical turning point, which we should affirm. From the uprising led by Guo and Zheng, we can also imagine that many Kuomintang troops were forced to surrender under the military pressure of the People's Liberation Army during the liberation war, especially in the later period. There are too many such examples. Therefore, whether it was active or forced, the influence and significance of the Four Rivers Incident at that time could not be underestimated, mainly in the following aspects:
First, since the Japanese invaded Hulunbeier in February 1932, this is the first top-down armed uprising launched by ethnic minority leaders and mainly attended by ethnic minority fighters, and it was attended by formed troops (this is much larger than the 8. 1 1 uprising in Gegen Temple on the same day, and the leader level is high.
Secondly, the defection of the main force of the 10th Military Region led by Guo Wenlin and Zheng Zhuer Zab accelerated the collapse of the Japanese army in Hulunbeier and the process of the Soviet Red Army liberating Hulunbeier and then the Northeast.
Third, because the main force of the Tenth Military Region quickly revolted and surrendered, a bloody battle with the Soviet Red Army was avoided, and a large number of minority soldiers were prevented from acting as cannon fodder in unnecessary resistance, and a way out was obtained.
Fourth, during the period of being taken in by the Soviet Union, the troops who defected and surrendered in the Tenth Military Region initially understood some revolutionary principles because of the education and enlightenment of Soviet and Mongolian personnel. So after being released, many people took part in the revolution, joined the army of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, and contributed their own strength to the birth of New China.
In a word, we should be sure of the Sinne River incident. Although its motivation may be "impure", its influence and significance cannot be underestimated. If1June 932, Su Bingwen ⑥ led his troops to fight against the Japanese aggressors in Hailar and fired the first shot against the Japanese aggressors in Hulunbeier, then1August 945, Guo Wenlin and Zheng Zhuer Zabu followed the historical trend and led the uprising, which ended Hulunbeier's opposition to foreign invasion. Guo and Zheng's great achievements in Sinihe area will leave a glorious page in the anti-Japanese struggle of the people of all ethnic groups in Hulunbeier and the modern history of Hulunbeier.
Fourth, thinking caused by the Sine River incident
After Guo Wenlin and Zheng Zhuer Zabu led the troops to surrender, the Soviet army first took them to Tamsk Bulega, Mongolia, and then held them in Ha Blask, the Soviet Union, together with important officials of the Puppet Manchuria such as Puyi and senior Japanese generals. After the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), the Soviet side handed over important officials of the former Manchuria, such as Puyi and Guo Wenlin, from Suifenhe Port to China in July 1950, and sent them to Fushun War Criminals Management Office. 1959 12, President Liu Shaoqi signed an Amnesty order, and Guo Wenlin walked out of the gate of the war criminals management office. He first lived in the home of his eldest son in Hohhot, and then moved to the waste collection station and timber factory in Yuquan District to work. Because of his age, his children advised him not to work any more. He said that I still have to work and accept labor reform (I earn more than 40 yuan a month). When he got the voter's card of China people, he was very excited and said that he had turned over a new leaf. After the "Cultural Revolution" began, due to his special status, the relevant parties came forward to protect him and were not affected. 1On September 5th, 969, Guo Wenlin died suddenly in Hohhot Hospital due to cerebral hemorrhage at the age of 63. In this way, a generation of commander-in-chief of puppet Manchukuo silently finished his last 10 years of life. Is it a tragedy or something? I think in the recent 10 years, or even more than ten years, more than twenty years of life, people always feel that the second half of his life is very bitter and hard to read. At the same time, we must think about:
First, after the founding of New China, only a few people, especially ethnic minority war criminals, were designated as war criminals by the state. Zhengzhuer Zabu mentioned above is one of them, followed by Ganzhuer Zabu, Zhu Zheng's brother, and Guo Wenlin is the third. As far as nationalities are concerned, the first two are Mongolians, Guo is Daur, and Daur is the first and only war criminal.
Second, most of the groups of Kuomintang generals and war criminals pardoned by our country were captured on the battlefield during the War of Liberation. As war criminals, it is justified and necessary to reform them for more than 10 years or 10 years. Guo Wenlin has not been captured, and he will be detained in the future anyway. Limited by the historical conditions at that time, it was impossible for him to lead troops to surrender to the armed forces of China. At that time, China had no organization and no armed forces under its leadership-that was nearly a year later. He can only lead his troops to surrender to the Soviet Union. Is it the wrong door?
Third, 1957, the Supreme People's Procuratorate sent people to Hailar to learn the truth about Guo and Zheng's surrender to the Soviet Union before Japanese surrender. Although the conclusion says that Guo and Zheng led the troops to surrender "with compulsion, they had other plans before surrendering, and they had to surrender to the Soviet Union only after their attempt to go to outer Mongolia could not be realized", they still think that "it is certain that the two criminals led the troops to surrender to the Soviet Union before Japan surrendered". Now that the main facts have been determined, why should we treat them as war criminals? Perhaps their behavior is not enough to make up for and mitigate the crimes they have committed in the past ten years, so they will not be considered when sentencing. Perhaps this matter is not big enough to be seriously considered, so it "ignores" the past when sentencing. Obviously, there is a certain difference between affirming this incident and identifying war criminals, which is relatively rare and belongs to a special case.
Fourth, if the above three points can still be ignored, then this fourth point is really a pity. In the history of books I have seen so far (referring to official publishing houses), there is no mention of the Sine River incident, and few people talk about it. It doesn't matter if the outside world doesn't know. Sadly, we Hulunbeier and many people don't know. Isn't that a pity? This year marks the 60th anniversary of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression's victory and the 60th anniversary of the Four Rivers Incident. We have the responsibility and necessity to commemorate this important event, dig up relevant materials and promote the study of Hulunbeier's modern history.
Guo Wenlin may be a tragic figure. From him, we also think of Su Bingwen, who was unlucky in the 1957 anti-rightist movement. However, the Hyman Anti-Japanese War and the Four Rivers Incident led and launched by the two of them were earth-shattering and far-reaching.
Precautions:
(1) Zhao, former negotiator of Hulunbeier's aftermath supervision, Hulunbeier Daoyin. After Japanese occupation of Heilongjiang, Heilongjiang became Han Xuan. Later, he was killed by the traitor Cheng Zhiyuan (then the puppet Manchukuo Senate).
(2) Tammy Li Guang (1884~ 1937) graduated from the Artillery Department of the Japanese Army NCO School and was sent to tokyo university of foreign studies to study. He has been engaged in espionage in Hulunbeier for a long time. After Japan invaded Hulunbeier area, he was appointed as an adviser to the garrison of Xing 'an North Province and the rank of colonel.
③ Ling Sheng (1886~ 1936), whose real name is Yun Zhi, Daur, Molidonghara and Ewenki Autonomous Banner, Inner Mongolia. He used to be the general manager of Erut Banna and the acting general manager of Soren's right wing. 1932 After the founding of the Puppet Manchukuo, he served as the governor of North Xing 'an Province. Dissatisfied with Japanese rule, he was killed by the Japanese Kwantung Army in Changchun in April 1936 on the charge of "Su Tong of the League".
④ Zhengzhurzabu (1906~ 1968), also known as Han Xinbao and Han Shaode, is a Mongolian, whose ancestral home is Tumd Zuoqizhuo Suotumeng. His father, Babu Zabu, was engaged in "Manchu independence" activities and was later killed. Zheng zhurzab went to the artillery department of the Japanese NCO School to study. After 1937, he was appointed as the cavalry colonel of the puppet Manchukuo and the chief of staff of the colonel of Xing 'an Military Control Zone. 1March, 943, served as the chief of staff of the Major General of the 10th Military Control Zone of the Puppet Manchukuo. 1950 and Guo Wenlin were handed over to China by the Soviet Union and held in Fushun War Criminals Management Office. 1960 Amnesty, placed in Hailar nursery, 1968 hanged himself in February.
⑤ Seren (1897~ 1953), Buryat Mongolian. 19 17 After the October Revolution in Russia, he moved to Sini River area in Hulunbeier with his family. He used to be the commander of Ergon Zuoyi Banner and Suolun Banner, and the director of the administrative office of Hulunbeier local self-government government.
⑥ Su Bingwen (1882~ 1975) was born in Xinmin county, Liaoning province. 19 14 graduated from Baoding Military Academy. He has served as Chief of Staff, Head of Northeast Army, Major-General Brigadier, Division Commander, Lieutenant General of Military Affairs Supervision Office of Heilongjiang Province, Lieutenant General of Infantry Brigade 15, and Commander of Hulunbeier Garrison. Commander of Hamann Road Guard. After the founding of New China, he served as a member of the Standing Committee of the Heilongjiang Provincial Political Consultative Conference. 1957 was wrongly classified as a rightist.