First of all, examples-concrete, clear and true.
Cite practical examples to explain things, make the things to be explained specific and make readers understand. This method of explanation is called example. To illustrate things or things through examples, we should pay attention to the representativeness and appropriateness of examples.
Function: Make the meaning expressed in the article clearer and easier to be understood by readers, and specify the characteristics of the object.
Example: Clouds can foretell the weather. For example, in Xinjiang, the appearance of clouds means rain. -"Looking at the weather from the clouds" (list the corresponding examples in a wide range)
Second, quote information-more substantial, specific and convincing.
In order to make the explanation more substantial and convincing, we can quote some documents, poems, proverbs and famous sayings. The quoted materials range from classic works, famous sayings, formulas and rules, allusions and proverbs.
Function: Make the article more convincing. Reflect the accuracy of explanatory language. Quoting ancient poems: making expository writing more poetic. Quoting stories makes the article interesting.
Example: In the Tang Dynasty, it was said that it was "fantastic, and people don't know why". -"China Stone Arch Bridge" (which can increase the persuasiveness of the article)
Third, make a contrast-distinct, prominent and specific.
Contrast method is an explanatory method to compare two kinds of things and phenomena in the same or different categories to illustrate the characteristics of things. Explain that some abstract or unfamiliar things can be compared with concrete or familiar things, so that readers can get a concrete and vivid impression through comparison.
The characteristics of things often appear in comparison. When comparing, you can compare things in the same category, things in different categories, things can be compared horizontally or vertically.
Function: Compare ... with ... and highlight the characteristics of objects.
Example: When the Yongding River flooded, the water was very strong. In the past, the embankments on both sides of the river were often washed away, but nothing happened to this bridge, which shows its firmness. -"China Stone Arch Bridge" (highlighting the characteristics of the object of explanation. )
Fourth, list the figures-accurate, rigorous and specific.
In order to specify the things to be explained, you can also use the method of enumerating numbers to make readers understand. It should be noted that the quoted figures must be accurate, and inaccurate figures must never be used. Even the estimated figures must have reliable basis and be as approximate as possible.
Function: Explaining with figures can not only accurately and objectively reflect the facts, but also be very convincing. It also reflects the accuracy of the description text and accurately explains the characteristics of the description object.
For example, Zhao Zhouqiao is very majestic, with a total length of 50.82 meters, a width of 9.6 meters at both ends, and a narrow middle and a width of 9 meters. Moreover, the whole bridge has only one big arch, which is 37.4 meters long.
Five, classification-clear, hierarchical, intuitive and clear.
It is often difficult to explain the characteristics of things unilaterally. According to the similarities and differences of shapes, properties, causes and functions of things, things can be divided into several categories, and then explained one by one according to the categories. This method of explanation is called classification.
Function: clear organization, clear hierarchy and clear at a glance. Explain the characteristics of the object clearly to make the article more convincing.
For example, screens can be divided into gold screens, silver screens, gold screens, painted screens, stone screens, wooden screens, bamboo screens, and so on. Thus, there is a distinction between elegance and vulgarity in art, and it also reveals the different economic and cultural levels of users. -"Say" screen "(let readers know the types of screens. )
Sixth, analogy-vivid, vivid and concrete.
Comparing the similarities between two different things to highlight the shape characteristics of things and enhance the vividness and vividness of explanation is called analogy.
The explanation method of analogy in expository writing is consistent with metaphor and association in rhetoric. The difference is that there are similes, metaphors and metaphors in figurative rhetoric, while similes and metaphors are mostly used for description, while metaphors are inappropriate.
Function: Compare ... with ... vividly explain the characteristics of the explained object, making the explanation easier to understand.
Seven, imitation-more vivid and concrete.
In order to make the explained object more vivid and concrete, we can imitate the appearance.
Function: Describe the characteristics of … in detail, and explain the contents of … vividly, so as to make the object of explanation more accurate, detailed and vivid.
Some of these stone lions are hugging their mother and son, some are whispering, some are listening to the sound of running water, and some are watching pedestrians. -"China Stone Arch Bridge" (makes the explanation more concrete and vivid. )
Baidu encyclopedia-description method