Open classification: Taoism, Classics, Classics, Bibliography, Book Title.
brief introduction
The collection of Taoist classics (Pinyin: zàng) collected in Daozang is a large-scale Taoist series that sorts out many classics according to certain compilation intention, collection scope and organizational structure. Some scholars believe that he was created by imitating the Buddhist Sanzang. In fact, during the Southern and Northern Dynasties, Lu compiled a catalogue of Taoist Sanzang in 47 1 year, much earlier than the earliest Buddhist Tripitaka. The earliest existing Taoist collection is the Ming version. Baiyun Temple, originally hidden in Beijing, is now collected by Beijing Library. The formal integration of Taoism and calligraphy began in Tang Kaiyuan (713-741). Since then, the dynasties of Song, Jin, Yuan and Ming have successively compiled Taoist scriptures. There was a Taoist collection in the Qing Dynasty. Contemporary books include Taoist scriptures outside Tibet, Taoist scriptures in Dunhuang and Taoist scriptures in China. Kaiyuan Taoist Collection is the first official and complete Taoist Collection in the history of China.
content
The content of Tao Jing is very complicated. There are a large number of Taoist classics, essays, commandments, symbols, spells, fasting instruments, eulogies, records of temples, records of immortals, biographies of Taoist characters and so on. In addition, it also includes the works of a hundred schools of thought, some of which are ancient books that have been lost outside the Taoist collection. There are also many works on ancient science and technology in China, such as books on medical health preservation, works on internal and external alchemy, works on astronomical calendar and so on.
Compilation history
After Wei and Jin Dynasties, the number of Taoist books increased day by day. Ge Hong in the Eastern Jin Dynasty wrote "Bao Puzi's Internal Chapter? Yuanguan wrote more than 600 volumes of Taoist books. During the Liu and Song Dynasties in the Southern Dynasties, Lu compiled a 1,228-volume Record of Three Caves, which was the first Confucian classic catalogue in the history of Taoism. Master Hou Meng compiled the Bibliography of Seven Classics of Yu Wei according to the classification method of three holes and four assistants. Since then, Tao Hongjing has written Mu Jing and Thailand, China and Mu Jing. By the time of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, there were 3,744 volumes.
During the reign of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, more than 40 people, including Shi Chong Xuan, wrote down all the sounds and meanings of Taoism in the reign of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty (7 13-74 1). On this basis, he sent messengers to search for Taoist scriptures everywhere, and compiled Taoist scriptures in the original collection, which was called Sandong Qionggang, with a total of 3,744 volumes (5,700 volumes and 7,300 volumes), called Kaiyuan Taoist Scriptures. The compilation style of Kaiyuan Daozang adopts three-hole classification, which is divided into three holes and thirty-six parts, namely twelve parts of cave truth, cave mystery and cave god. In the seventh year of Tianbao (748), imperial edicts were widely circulated. In the late Tang and Five Dynasties, it was destroyed by fire.
After the establishment of the Song Dynasty, Taoist scriptures were collected and sorted out five times and rebuilt. Song Zhenzong himself believed in Taoism and compiled 4,359 volumes of Bowen Lu Tong in six years. Zhang Junfang was ordered to compile the Collection of the Heavenly Palace in the Great Song Dynasty, with a volume of * * * 548 1, which was first published in Fujian County, Fuzhou, and was called Wanshou Daocang or Zhenghe Wanshou Daocang. Later, he sent Zhang Junfang, a Taoist priest, to add 4,565 volumes to the book, in thousands of words. In the third year of Tianxi (10 19), it was compiled into seven volumes, which were named "Tiangong Collection of the Great Song Dynasty". During the period of Chongning in Song Huizong, it increased to 5387 volumes, which was called Chongning Re-school Collection. During Zheng He's reign, it was added to volume 54,865,438+0, which was printed by block printing and called Zheng He Wanshou Taoist Collection, which was the beginning of woodcut Taoist Collection.
Rulers of Zhang Zong, edited the treasure of Jin Xuandou, * * * six thousand four hundred and fifty-five volumes. In the early years of Yuan Dynasty, Quanzhen Taoist Song presided over the compilation of Da Yuan Bao Dian, with a total of more than 7,800 volumes. In the Yuan Dynasty, these Taoist scriptures went through the chaos of war, burning books and burying Confucianism, and had long since disappeared. The existing ones are the Orthodox Collected Taoist Scriptures published in the 10th year of Zheng Tong in the Ming Dynasty (1445) and the Wanli Continued Collected Taoist Scriptures printed in Zhang Guoxiang in the 35th year of Wanli (1607).
The existing Taoist Collection was edited and arranged by the 43rd Shi Tian Zhang Yuchu and his younger brother Zhang Yuqing in the 4th year of Yongle. In the ninth year of English Orthodoxy, Shao Yizheng, a real person in Miao Tong, was ordered to make corrections and supplements, and was published in the tenth year of Orthodoxy, with a total volume of 5,305. Later generations called his book "orthodox Taoist scriptures" according to the year of publication. In the thirty-fifth year of Ming Shenzong Wanli, Shi Tian Zhang Guoxiang, 50 years old, was ordered to edit the book "Continued Collection of Taoist Scriptures". "Continued Collection of Taoist Scriptures" contains 5485 volumes of Taoist Scriptures 1476 kinds, and is divided into 5 12 letters, each of which is numbered according to the order of thousands of works, with a total of 12589 volumes. All kinds of classics in Daozang are arranged according to the classification method of "three points and four auxiliary points".
From 65438 to 0996, Taoist Zhang Jiyu, vice-president of the Chinese Taoist Association, presided over the compilation and revision of The Collected Works of Taoism in China, which was based on the original and continued Taoist collections in the Ming Dynasty and maintained the basic framework of "Three Caves and Four Assistants". Confucian classics with three holes and four supplements are classified according to different contents. * * * is divided into seven categories, and the Confucian classics collected in each category are arranged according to the origin of Taoism and the order of the times. After collecting a lot of manpower and material resources, it was finally published in 2004 after several years.
classify
All kinds of classics in Taoist scriptures are arranged according to the classification method of three points, four auxiliary and twelve categories:
Three caves: the real part of the cave, the mysterious part of the cave and the sacred part of the cave.
Four assistants: Taixuan Department, Taiping Department, Taiqing Department and Zhengyi Department.
Twelve categories: characters, symbols, jade formulas, spiritual diagrams, scores, disciplines, prestige, methods, multi-skills, biographies, praises and chapters.
correlation studies
Because there are too many contents in Taoist scriptures, it is difficult for a person to read them through, so this book has not been fully studied so far. The study of Daojing began only after the Second World War, and it first started with historians of science and technology. Dr. Needham of Britain studies the history of science and technology in China, and most of the information comes from books. There are also many researchers who study the collected documents from the perspectives of music, art, chemistry, qigong and culture.