Nearly thirty years ago, I accidentally bought a book in an old bookstore in Shanghai. It is a bound volume of two kinds of poems, engraved in Wanli, printed on white cotton paper and yellow cotton paper respectively. There are many Zhu Mo in the volume, and there are many proofreading and postscript. This is my first time to buy Xu Zichang's collection.
Love Grass is a volume written by Uncle Xu Zichang of Maoyuan. Nine lines and eighteen characters, white mouth or so bilateral. Xin Chou (160 1) Nine months ago, King Taiyuan changed the order, and in August Xin Chou wrote an inscription for Qian Xiyan, both in calligraphy.
After lying in the clouds, the layman Xu Zichang knew himself.
Sleeping Cloud Draft is a volume written by Xu Zichang. Eight lines and eighteen characters, white mouth. Before Ren Yin in the Wanli period (1602), the Taoist Polo slew dragons, Ren Yin looked after his friend Chen Jiru in winter in the Wanli period, and Ren Yin looked after the money of the county people in the Wanli period, all of which were written in calligraphy.
Both volumes bear the collection seal of Xu IV, including Xu Zichang's seal, Xu's seal, Xu Qiu's private seal and his own seal. In addition, there are "Yi Yu Xuan" (named after Chang Zhai) and "Wanshan Building" (named after Xu Qiuzhai).
(Autumn), (Heart Clothes), book collection Lai Kuiyuan (Heart Clothes Seal), Soochow, affinity, beauty looking up to heaven. "Poetry in the East for a Night" and "Half Mu of Plum Blossoms" are printed.
In Ode to Love of Grass, Xu wrote a postscript for Chongzhen Yihai (1635) and also wrote a postscript for it. There are five notes written by Xu Xinyi in the manuscript of Sleeping Cloud.
Shortly after I bought these two kinds of poems, I got a copy of Poems of Hundred Flowers in the Late Ming Dynasty in an old paper shop in Xujiahui, Shanghai. Jet Cao Xuan was also written by Xu Zichang, with a photo of Xu Xinyi. It is said that it was loaded from the ship, and there are many junk books, including the Pilu Advocating Peace Collection carved by Xu Zichang, with Xu Zichang's name in front of it.
Shortly after this, Suzhou Literature Mountain House sent me three kinds of poems by Xu Zichang, but refused to tell me the source of the books. They are:
"Spitting Grass" is a volume, engraved in Wanli, with eight lines and eighteen characters, written unilaterally. Before the year of Wanli Gengshen (1620), under the Mid-Autumn Festival and the waning moon, Landao people wrote small quotations in calligraphy.
Poem Grass in Autumn Waters Pavilion is a two-volume poem with eight lines and eighteen characters, which is duplicitous. There are Xing Jiong's Preface, Wang Oudeng's Preface and Wanli Renyin Longtu's Preface. There are two seals on the front of this book: Xuantuo and Xu Zichang.
"Song Zhai Shi Hua Cao" is a two-volume poem with eight lines and eighteen characters. There are Xing Jiong's preface (Shen Yongchang's official script is on the board) and Chen Jiru's preface.
This is undoubtedly Liv Hsu's book. He came from the same source. Later, Literature Mountain House sent me a Wanli engraving of Xu Shi's Epitaph, including Yi Quan's Epitaph, Long 'an Mansion in Sichuan in Ming Dynasty (written by Chen Jiru), Xing Hang (written by Qian in Changzhou), A Brief Introduction to Qi Quan Mansion (written by Xu Zichang) and Xu Gongyuan's Epitaph with the Confucians (written by Dong Qichang and Zhao).
Finally, I bought ten volumes and two volumes of "The Xu Family Riding", which was also sent by the Literature Mountain House. The title of the book is Sanwangzhai Collection of Books, which is "Collected in Changli, Changzhou by Xu Zushi Huafu, compared with Brother Yiji, Grandnephew Longyou is updated", and it is stamped and printed by Levin Xu Library. Family Ride is engraved and copied, all in the middle period of Kangxi, with the title "Plum Blossom Villa" or "Laughing Reading Pavilion", and the last "lineage" has not been engraved. And Xu Xinyi's postscript, which was copied again in the thirty-eighth year of Kangxi (1699). The latest calendar year was Ding Hai in the forty-sixth year of Kangxi (1707).
The above is the suicide note of Xu Zichang's family that I bought on different occasions in the past two or three years. It can be concluded that these books are scattered from one place and are all weighed as waste paper.
The number of these books is considerable, but they are not well protected, and there are water, tide and insects everywhere. It seems that there is no older version, but the lower limit is when you are healthy and working, and there is no updated version. I came to this conclusion after I stumbled across another batch of books in a stall in Shanghai. It's really a bunch of junk books, but it's very distinctive. You can tell at a glance that it is the same book. I didn't know it belonged to the Ye family in Kunshan until I asked. Asked if there are any complete books, the answer is that they have been weighed. A few days later, I looked for some more books, only to remember that there was a portrait of Linz carved in the Ming Dynasty and a tablet of Deng Hongxuan carved by Kangxi.
Only then did I know that these books were not from R&F, but from Ye's home in Kunshan. Xu Xinyi's wife is the granddaughter of Ye Guohua in Kunshan, and Lai Kui Kuo Ji is their book seal. Their collection of rare books has long been scattered, and many of them have been included in the Bibliography of Rare Books of Shi Jing Library edited by Ying Jishun. Xu Shi's suicide note was later kept in his home in Kunshan. Ye Jiulai's half cocoon garden may be the place where books are collected. This is my guess, and there will be no further investigation and study in the future.
Just before and after this, I also got two books in Sun Shi, Shanghai Xiuwentang, with a very special title, namely A Brief History of Fireworks, in which there are eight kinds of * * *. Among them, the History of Flowers written by Wang Lu in Qingyun is not the Zuo Bian of History of Flowers previously recorded. There are also four poems by Qinhuai and poems by Tang Xuetao ... which are printed in Wanli, and there are many collection marks in the volume, including Lai Kui Garden Collection. Xiuwentang Jianbao was obtained from Suzhou Literature Mountain House, and the asking price was extremely high. I got it from four volumes of Treatise on Febrile Diseases carved in the Yuan Dynasty in the old collection of Yifu Jingshe.
Looking through all the catalogues, I can't find the name "A Brief History of Fireworks". The lines and plates of the eight books are not the same, but they are certainly engraved at the same time. "Four Micro-collections of Qinhuai" contains the works of four people, including Zheng Ruying, Zhu and others, each with several pages. They are the predecessors of famous prostitutes in Qinhuai. The name "Siwei" appeared in Wanli and was handed down from generation to generation. "Mountains and rivers produce talents" is not the exclusive title of a certain Huei-fang. It was the talented people at that time who evaluated, collected and published poems, which was the same as the way that the talented people in Shanghai chose the "flower list" later. In A Glimpse of Shanghai Literature and Art (A Collection of Two Hearts), Mr. Lu Xun once talked about the achievements of talents in Shanghai in the late Qing Dynasty. They were a group of Wang Lu and others, some of whom were good. Among the eight kinds, there are sentimental love poems and a love letter from a gifted scholar in the Ming Dynasty (unfortunately, I forgot his name). It is really "sadness comes from it, and it is born in illness, and it will be heard that the chicken is angry and the moon is sad." One is the end of the Ming Dynasty, and the other is the end of the Qing Dynasty. This kind of thing always happens at the end of the century. I think this is the value of the book A Brief History of Fireworks, because it really vividly and truly reflects the face of a certain society in a certain era, although it is only one side.
It is also a book "The Gentle Collection of Mr. Shan Zhi" sent by the literary mountain residence, and it is also a work worth collecting. But the era is earlier and the author is more famous. This is also Amin's print. It seems that it was carved after Wanli. The scribbling of the opening board is called "square engraving", which is different from the "Zhu Ji" engraved at home. There are only four books, the titles of which are Peeping Curtain Collection and Drunken Red Collection ... Each episode belongs to a pseudonym, such as "Exotic Raft", and the word "Zhu Yunming" has never been seen before. It is no wonder that all the works in the book are given by narrow evils. It is rare for a scholar-bureaucrat in a feudal society to have the courage to frankly admit that he has written such indecent words. At this point, Zhu Yunming can't compare with his junior. Among them, there are poems, articles and minor tunes ... In terms of artistic level, it is far superior to Wang Lu and others. Zhu Zhishan is inextricably linked with prostitutes in Suzhou, and his "romantic deeds" are as famous as Tang Yin for hundreds of years. In the past, he could only catch a glimpse of San Xiao, but now he has direct access to his own written records, which is very rare. Besides, this is by no means a forgery. It is recorded in Qian Qingtang Bibliography, but there should be seven kinds, and now there are only four kinds.
When I bought Xu Zichang's various suicide notes one after another, it dawned on me that all these books by Fang Shan were originally written by Xu Shi. However, most of the original books have been incomplete, and bookstores have removed orders or broken traces and renovated them. In order to show that it is a complete book, a "leaf" was carved. What "A Brief History of Fireworks" and "A Collection of Mr. Shan Zhi's Tenderness" are all newly engraved, but the fonts are like light lettering, and the paper is also made of old paper, which is difficult to identify at the moment. Four names were specially engraved on the title page of "Xiao Ji", and a gourd-shaped card was added below, with the word "four complete" in the title, which directly revealed the clues of fraud. In the same book, I have read a book, "Three Kinds of Chen", which is Chen Sanqu engraved in Wanli, and the leaves are also newly engraved. This book can't be bought because it has been sold to Fu's in Beijing Bidi Museum in advance. It is said that Zheng Xidi was extremely unhappy because she didn't get the book.
All these things can be listed in Lin Bu Dialect, but I don't think they are meaningless. It really helped me gain some knowledge. These tricks of bookstores are really hateful, especially for the purpose of counterfeiting and destroying the integrity and authenticity of documents. However, the appraiser can select valuable materials from the "waste paper" that Xu Shi and other aristocratic families said, and it cannot be said that he has done a good thing.
two
Although I have bought six or seven kinds of Xu Zichang's poems, I don't want to study his poems. Frankly speaking, that's not very clever. Just look at Xu Qiu (Athena Chu, Zi Sun Qiang) in Love Grass and Wo Yun Draft.
Zhu Mo's pen can be known through many modifications. Maybe his own poem is just as bad, and it is not necessarily better if he deletes it. Xu Xinyi, his son, expressed his opinion in the inscription: "On July 16th, Brother Bing Shen and Brother Xun Zi applied for a moment, which was recited by Yuxuan and published according to the original manuscript." Xu Zichang's Le Shu, the original moment can't be seen, and there are photocopies of the ancient drama series. Unfortunately, it is not at hand and there is no way to study it. I only remember that the "borrowing tea" and "grabbing life" that have been circulating in Kunqu Opera came from Travel Notes on Water, which shows its far-reaching influence. In addition, he also has a kind of notes, Zhai Sui Ji, which should be worth reading, but I have never seen it. Looking through Jia Cheng, a large number of biographical poems published by his contemporaries provide a lot of precious materials, from which we can get an overview of Xu Zichang and his family, which is very noteworthy.
Xu Zichang is a very rich landlord. His ancestors "started by accumulating wealth" and later fell into the middle reaches, until the eldest son's father "used Ji Ran's strategy to make the family grow and develop" and eventually became a rich man in Wuzhong. "The most powerful people under Wu are Zeng County and Xue County, and those who are powerful are ungrateful ... The public is proud of the drama, and they will not lose power after serving, and the public will be less colored." Without strong financial resources, it is impossible to handle projects such as repairing cities and learning counties. Chaoxiang is naturally a very shrewd businessman. "You can raise it if you hold it, and you won't be happy if you can store it in your stomach." North Korea hopes to change his attitude and encourage him to associate with celebrities, saying, "I should be a disciple of Kang, but I should be a Confucian scholar." "Listen to their comments on the screen ... and say selfishly and happily," My son didn't expect the world to be like this.
"I'm very happy to engrave the book from my son, Master Guang Shou Engraving, and said," Donated thousands of books, ten thousand volumes, how can it be like scattered in the golden cave on the shoulder, and paid for the unknown descendants of Zhan Zhuan! "Because Chang Si failed to get on the bus and go home to confess his sins, the DPRK did not hesitate to let him go to Beijing to recruit the capital," said Mr. Scheeren. (See Chen Jiru's Epitaph of Yiquan Xugong above. )
From these narratives, we can see that Xu Zichang grew up in the family of a big businessman and a big landlord. He has a shrewd father who is bent on getting rid of the identity of a businessman and squeezing into the upper ruling circle. He is very obsessed with the culture of the landlord class, and tries his best to cultivate his son's interest in this aspect and sponsor him.
Regarding Xu Zichang, Chen Jiru wrote a statement for him: "Xuan Xin disdained to ask his family about production, but deployed housework. The number of good and bad people inside and outside the accounting is a ploughing record." It can be seen that he is also a calculating person. He inherited his father's business, which is the main aspect. Naturally, he is also very "elegant", which many celebrities try their best to say and exaggerate. Take Chen Meigong's words as an example:
"GeXuan good leisure, the house is located in the plum blossom villa in the south. The winding waves in Guangchi, pavilions and roads, one-tenth of a stone, three-tenths of flowers and bamboo, and seven-tenths of water are called string rope singing and dancing. He also wrote a new voice of Yuefu, making songs and offering guests. The guests did not visit Xuantuo richly, but swam with You Xuan instead of singing. Ge Xuan can't sit on the couch, rule and vote, and drink for ten days on the plain without a master; If the host can attend the ceremony without going to the Sao altar, then both the host and the guests are ashamed of their father and are not famous in the world. "
Xu Zichang's life has been clearly written here. The poem "Shu Mei Shi Hua" was written by Jiang Qin, and it said: "Four days before Guihaigui Yuan, Plum Blossom Village, bamboo trees in the rocks, pavilions and pavilions were all decorated.
There are two plays, one-day banquet and one-night tour, and all the lights of geisha are gone. In the twelfth lunar month, I entered the theater for the first time and arrived. Guihai was the third year of the apocalypse (1623), and he died in Zichang. The luxury of the landlord's life revealed in this poem is really shocking. It is only 20 years before the fall of Zhu Ming.
Meihua Mountain is a private garden carefully built by Xu Zichang. Chen Jiru wrote "Xu Yuan", Zhong Xing wrote "Plum Blossom Villa" and Qi wrote "After the Secret Plum Blossom Villa in Xu Shu", which was extremely detailed and vivid. Zhong Bojing said: "If the garden is slightly different from the water of the Three Wus, then the friend Xu must be." Qi even discussed the differences of gardening in wuyue:
"The structure of this garden is slightly different from that of Wu. Those who have been spared by their hometown, thousands of miles and thousands of rocks, are wonderful in Yumei slim; What Wuzhong forgave was a clear spring and a strange stone, which was introduced to the court. Therefore, hometown gardens, such as mustard seeds, surprise guests; And Wuzhong Garden, like Gong Hu's magic sun and moon, can win it. "
Qi not only revealed the characteristics of Xu's hometown, but also told some gardeners. Lin Yunfeng is the author of Twenty-two Poems on Plum Blossom Trees, including Plum Blossom Trees (written by Dong Xuanzai), Hua Juzhai, (written by Lin Leshan), Returning to the Native Cave, Xiaoxi Cave, Zhao Shuangting (written by Li Changteng), Jinlaitan, Rebuilding Pavilion (written by Wen Zhenyu), Zhuan Cuiting (written by Li) and Zhuan Cuiting. Wei Mo 'an (called "three temples" at eight o'clock in Qian's book), Yang Yueliang (Yan Chengshu), De (Zhao Huanguang's seal script), Jingguanju, Floating, Crane Pavilion, Butterfly Bedroom, Pavilion (document), Zhanhua Pavilion, Lianbog and Diqiu Temple (book).
Dexian Hall is the main building of this garden. Chen Gong May wrote: "It's cool and spacious here, and the stone platform outside the window sill is more than an acre wide. It's empty, white, without tiny dust, it's cool, and it's not as hot as summer. Every time famous guests from all directions come to this hall, the songs and dances are progressive, the interplanting is smooth, the wine is fragrant and the ink is dripping, the red silk is beside the brocade, and the chickens are drummed five times and three times. The Lord doesn't listen to the guests, and the guests can't bear to leave home. " Xu Zichang's music performance is a legend, here.
Shu Mei's Poems was written by Chen Jiru, Qian, Zhong Xing, Guan Zhen, Solemn, Jiang Xuan, Zhu, Xue Cai, Hou Tongzeng, Zheng Fujiao, Lu Tan and others. Four people, including Meng, wrote a poem entitled "Plum Blossom Villa Map". At that time, the eldest son had passed away, and the famous garden gradually showed signs of decline. In Hou Guangcheng's poems, there is a sentence that "Piaobaiqu flies to the sky (Mr. Le Jia is good at new sounds), killing everything and searching all over the world (Mr. Yahao engraves books and often travels)". Meng (Cai) wrote the most emotional poem:
"ZhanJuan hesitate to hold a fishing rod, xu toward JinXia split in the team. Family style leaves a famous garden, and water trees are just books of Chinese scholars. I used to live in seclusion with bamboo meat, and when I was in trouble, I injected worms and fish temporarily. Usually fishing boats have tea sets, and fighting ducks have not been withdrawn. "
three
Xu Yes's eldest son, nickname, Zi Chang. Wu Geng, Chongzhen (1630) should be the day to get a man out of the gate of Xiong Kaiyuan. He is a bookworm. "Collect more suicide notes. Every time you pass by the market, you need to order Xinu capsules to store green dragonflies. When you see them, you will receive them." However, it is difficult to find out what is wrong with a light green Hunan. Every time you pay attention to finding and reading incomplete and abandoned bamboo slips, you will often get strange books, which are rich in books and have never been seen by the world. So, from the date, you were born in thousands of volumes (epitaph written by Lu Tong). He is also an important member of the Film Society and the Fu Society, and is bosom friends with Xu Buzhai, Yang, Zhang Shouxian and others. He founded the Lai Literature Society and selected the lost ancient prose, which was prefaced by Zhang Cai and Jaco. However, his management of commercial real estate is completely amateur. "He regarded Jiang Gan, bowed to his back, and every household showed foreign affairs. If the dike breaks, they will be forced to go far away to take care of it. " (Tongan Zheng Fu teaches biography). Xu Shi's decline began and was completed in his hands, only about twenty years. Zheng Tongan said, "The four houses are not normal. They once discussed how to store them, and everyone was as warm as a cabin. The public is speechless, and success or failure is in our hearts. " Said he had guessed that success or failure was only an afterthought. In fact, the bookworm met an extraordinary thing, and he was helpless and froze. Compared with his grandfather's courage and talent in repairing the city, it is really immeasurable. The political and economic status of the wealthy township officials on the male side collapsed together. Finally, "after the world changed, Shu Mei was taken as the lower house of Lingyin, and it was named Haizang Temple". Lu Shou said in more detail:
"Shen Jia attaches great importance to Ding Ge, and the southwest of B has not yet been built. The division brigade will migrate at noon, and the information will probably dissipate. If that woman is a child, I will get lost. Teacher Wang only cares about the number of books in the basket, and never leaves anywhere. ..... Since then, the family business has declined. Or advise:' Plum Blossom Villa has gone back, and I see your ambition. If we sell it today, we can still make a living. Why sit and eat poor? "The gentleman said," My ancestors dedicated their lives to this. Why not give up? ".Love imitates the short book of Tiger Hill, the garden is a temple, the master of Xiao Zu is alike, the monk is the host, and the bell is full of sound, which is the most important. Today, R&F Haicang Temple is the former site of Plum Blossom Tree.
Looking at this scene again, it is exactly the same as the way that Qi's descendants built the mountain garden into a temple and stayed with Xiao Biao's family for a long time. It is a typical way out for the giants of South China and China at the time of Party A and Party B. The difference is that Qi's descendants made a final struggle and suffered more, while Xu silently accepted the inevitable fate. But he still doesn't forget the past. In the preface written for Mr. Xu's 60th birthday, (Zhuang) said:
"Sir, first take ... hectares of the world, desolate and sad, almost not to speak of. What is the mood when there is no place in the sky? And there is no heart to celebrate the New Year and the longevity of eyebrows. Or, if you learn from your husband's talent, you can't give it a try. This is not just an accident. The diary of your family business, based on your carelessness and unhappiness, is shallow for your husband. ..... I used to be a friend of my husband at the same time, so it's not difficult to go back to Xiangguan for more than ten years. It used to be very high opposite, and I was very proud and shameless. Mr. Wang has never set up a court, but he can't forget his motherland. Although he enjoyed his old age, he was not happy. On the day of hanging the arc, he didn't treat or give a banquet. Hey, not far away! "
Yuan Gong deserves to be the best among the adherents of the Ming Dynasty. He used national consciousness, the highest standard at that time, to measure the different performances of literati, denounced a large group of nouveau riche and praised Xu. This article is included in Family Riding, which is a written record.
Probably was allowed to correct it during sorting. Some words such as "shameless" and "negative" have all been erased, while the word "old country" has been framed aside, perhaps deliberately corrected, and no suitable words have been thought of. Three hundred years later, seeing these unfinished traces, I still feel the cold breath of the literary inquisition. Perhaps this is also one of the reasons that cannot be ignored in edition science.
Yuan Gong's article also mentioned "an accident", which can't be ascertained in detail. In short, it is nothing more than the sufferings of Puritans. Everything that can be said has generally been said, such as Meng Hong's desertion in the chaos and the loss of his book. In addition, more can not be said, included in the word "accident", to feel its weight.
Jiacheng is also engraved with the Book of Changes, which was taught by Mr. Xu in Ding You in the 14th year of Qing Shunzhi. Interestingly, Gong Yishi, the first family member Qian and Wang Shimin, the second family member Wu, Yang Tingjian, Yang and Jiang Fen, the nephew of the first family member Song Deyi, and the second family member You Dong, Xu, Xu Fang, Hou Xuan. This is a two-in-one list, which collected a large number of celebrities from the Three Dynasties and Wu Dynasties at that time, and even included some "two people" denounced by Yuan Gong, while Yuan Gong was not listed. Naturally, this is also a very valuable document.
Family Riding consists of ten volumes, which are divided into "inscriptions" and "three poems". Engraving preface, poem, Huangyang poem, birthday poem, inscribed book, gift poem, word tablet, etc.
These documents began in the middle of Wanli and ended in Kangxi, * * * about one hundred years. In addition to the authors cited above, I also want to copy a list:
, pyrocarboxylic acid, Guan Long, Fan Yunlin, Yuan, Xia Yuxi, Zhang Dafu, Xia, Huang Ruheng, Cao Wenheng, Zhong Zhenyang, Yin Heng, Qian Xiyan, Hu Ruyi,,, Gu Youxiao, Li Yizhi, Zhang Xia, Gu Yu.
This list can help us understand the extensive social contacts of Xu Zichang's family during this hundred years. Chen Meigong said that the son-in-law "who can become an immortal and pro-walker has no regrets in donating to Taiwan", and he spent a lot of "manuscript fees" to invite celebrities to write birthday orders, eulogies, epitaphs and deeds for his parents. According to Huang Zongxi, Qian Muzhai's funeral expenses ... depend on the payment for three articles he wrote for others. We can roughly estimate how much money Xu Zichang and other scholars spent on this. In addition, in Meihua Mountain Villa and in the leisure hall, there are banquets day and night, and countless dignitaries and celebrities in the mountains entertain guests with acting skills. Their names also appear on this list, but of course they can't be all.
four
There is a hermit in the second episode of Essays on Street Pavilion. Mr. Lu Xun pointedly pointed out the essence and truth of ancient and modern hermits and mentioned the specimen of Chen Meigong. The celebrity closest to Xu Zichang is Mei Gong. His notes for the plum blossom book and the epitaph for the eldest son and father are both extraordinary "masterpieces". After the death of Zichang, he kept close contact with Xu Zhongqian (the second son of Zichang), and sixteen letters from Chen Jiru to Zichang and he were kept in a volume of Family Riding. Meanwhile, the secrets of some hermits were revealed. Mei Gong made friends with all the literati in the world, including dignitaries, landlords, township officials, poets and women's history. Among many objects, there must be more emphasis. Rich and elegant people like Xu Zichang and his son are undoubtedly the key targets, and the reason is clear.
Among the dozens of letters received by Chen Meigong in Family Riding, the most noteworthy is his relationship with Xu Zichang in the engraving. Judging from many signs, Xu Zichang has carved many books, and Chen Meigong is his consultant. In addition, whether Xu Zichang carved many books is purely elegant or has other purposes is also well explained.
"Since my brother lives in R&F, why not engrave' The Story of King Lu'? Set the remainder of the volume, its transmission, and have to find "Pi Rixiu set" attached. I have read Pilu's poems, and the two of them really played hard. The strange characters in the late Tang Dynasty are not inferior to those of Yu Chuanzi. If this episode is successful, it will reveal the secret, which is more fragrant than Du Li's piece. What did my brother say? "
This shows that Xu Zichang's Carved Pi Di Cang is based on Mei Gong's suggestion, and the starting point is to commend the legacy of rural sages. Later, when Han talked about printing, the focus was different:
"This book is too cramped to be interesting, and my brother is half on the shelf. Even if it continues to be sealed, mixed elegance and vulgarity, and mixed reading, people who fuck John will take more measures, so it is better to stop here. Not immediately, or not widely. "
This is very clear, editing books must consider readers' interests, needs, and whether they can sell well. Thus, a big misunderstanding was eliminated. I thought that Chen Meigong carved his secret book of Baoyantang, while Xu Zichang carved his Du Liji ... It was all a matter of elegance, donating possessions and spreading culture. In fact, the "liar" cloud has a strong advertising flavor. Most of the works collected in the cheats are not uncommon, but they are often boring. However, the proofreading is sloppy and the copy is poor, which is even more difficult in order to save engraving funds. I couldn't understand it in the past, thinking that the reason why Chen Meigong carved rotten books was nothing more than the fault of "a mountain man has a good name" Now I understand that economic factors have played a decisive role.
The engraving printing industry in China has obvious commercial nature from the beginning. The five dynasties calendar is a daily book that the broad masses of people need. There were bookstores specially published in the Northern Song Dynasty and the Southern Song Dynasty. In the Ming Dynasty, there were many commercial publishing houses, and the famous Jian 'an Shi Yu was a large-scale bookstore with a long history. However, the engraving of books by some bibliophiles or famous people is always highly regarded and not included in the category of booksellers. Now it seems that this view is wrong. As famous as Mao, people saw the books engraved in the museum and knew that they were doing business, but when they came across the "treasured cheats", they were revered as bibliophiles with full respect. In fact, the book collector Mao Zijin is also a publisher Mao Zijin. In order to copy, he found many rare books, just like the Commercial Press and Hanfen Building all belong to the same boss.
After Chang's death, Xu Zhongqian, the second son, inherited the book engraving business initiated by his father and became more intimate with Chen Mei (the second daughter married Sun Chen Xianjue, and Chen and Xu Sui were in-laws). Mei Gong really gave a lot of ideas by providing materials and pointing out the way.
"Sun Xiao's scriptures have been read, and I'm reading Shu Hua. Every word is spiritual, and every sentence is beneficial to the body, mind and country. This bachelor's doctor hasn't taught his children's books, so he can make a long story short and turn quickly. This is his career path, which can be unforgettable by his father-in-law. It is based on the Taoist scriptures and is not very popular. "
"Selected National Policies" is a book of career promotion, and ancient busybodies were not greedy. Xu Wen also invited the government to borrow this book to cherish this order and laugh. "
"Thanks for" After Reading ",it's great to have the postscript of middle school. But the catalogue must be listed in the front, so that readers can see at a glance and be happy when they see what they have not seen. "
"I've been looking forward to" After Reading "for a long time, and I want to teach it. It is rigid and meticulous, and I should go to the world. A few thousand brushes at most will be finished in one day, and paper is undoubtedly expensive. The catalogue is listed in the front, and the viewer is colorful, and the seeker is happy to see it. You can keep the postscript. There are bound books, please ask for twenty, so that they can be sent far away and have a good reputation. "
"After reading" is read by people who have corrected their mistakes several times, and it is engraved before and after begging. ..... You can still draw a book on its classics and history, which is far feasible and can be circulated for a long time to avoid being copied. "
It is hard to imagine that these letters were written by Chen Meigong, a hermit. In order to attract buyers, even the arrangement of the catalogue is meticulous and meticulous. Chen Meigong knows readers' psychology very well. The so-called review is actually a book based on Wang Shizhen's manuscript. Not satisfied, I further plan to take out other works and arguments and compile them into a book. This book is sure to sell well, and I'm afraid it will be pirated. Even the language of the publishing industry is the same as that of the recent times, which is really excellent historical materials. At the end of the Ming Dynasty, thousands of such books could be printed on a wooden board, which is hard to imagine without reading old books. Xu Zichang's becoming a rich man is related to his publishing career.
It is a secret that Mr. Chen Mei-Gong wears the beautiful clothes of the mountain people, which he carefully promotes his career. Even writing a narrative is a sacrifice for fear of tarnishing the signboard of "Mountain Man". However, when teaching their grandchildren to read, they wisely chose a textbook like Shu Hua, and thought it was harmless for a while, on the grounds that it was rarely circulated and could attract buyers.
After reading these letters, people suddenly see that a publisher's careful calculation more than 300 years ago is no different from that of a bookseller by the sea in the old society. Copying celebrity writings, making a makeover, advertising, with the intention of defrauding readers of money, but also beware of piracy competition in the same industry. They not only sold the classics of the ancients, but also did not let go of the business of "textbooks" (so-called "career books") at that time, because it was a best seller after all. For long-term sales and timely varieties, there are comprehensive and meticulous considerations. From this point of view, Chen Meigong is not only the ancestor of Mr. Ma Er and others, but also has much better hand and eye. Especially Mr. Ma Er, it is even more difficult to beat such a powerful person as Xu Zichang as an economic pillar.
"My brother has been ill for more than one hundred days. Although he has a strong view on food today, he is still deaf. And the guest picks up the pen and ink stone, which is insufficient, and the gas explodes and dries. Cheng yuanshi holds money, and a famous doctor replaces medicine, but it is not a righteous stone. Why are there such cold books? Feeling. " (to the son of a long book)
There is also an official temporary entrusted compilation task. There is a book by Zhong Qian that says, "Write a letter and remember it day and night. It's only a few days to come to the mountains to test what is feasible in ancient and modern times, and all aspects have been compromised. Not absurd and pedantic, I can read a volume of refugees. " It can be seen that the so-called "mountain man" is sometimes the "think tank" of the ruler. Mei Gong expressed his political views here:
"The old water has not disappeared, and the new water has been recovered. Just as the old tax is insufficient, the new tax is levied. The suffering of the people's regime in Southeast China is no worse than today. If the belly is tied to a cross-eyed person, it is unknown. A clever woman can't cook without rice, and an honest official has no dust. We must make an exception and save her. When saving the drowning person and the burned person, deliberately prevent a slight delay. Those who are hungry will help, those who are chaotic will be beheaded, and there will be no famine outside the eight characters. "
"Mountain Man" is not detached from politics. After staying in the mountains for a few days, Mei Gong made an eight-word summary of the famine relief, which really exhausted the essence of the rulers' ruling skills in the long feudal era, but it was still the old spectrum of "Wang Ba's way is mixed". It can't be said that it's not an unexpected gain to get a better understanding of the so-called "mountain man" who flew from Yun Zhonghe to the Prime Minister.
On 1976