Read the note "Don't say you know mind mapping"

With a heart of knowledge, I joined a group of thinking training, and I was very touched when I heard the "eight diagrams of thinking" in the group. So, I bought the teacher's book "Don't say you know mind mapping" without hesitation. Mind mapping seems to be very popular now. After coming into contact with this term, I have seen two articles with the theme of "mind map" on a parenting website. If you haven't read a book that systematically introduces "mind map", you will probably find "mind map" mysterious. Don't say you know mind mapping after reading it, you will find that mind mapping is actually very easy. However, since the author used the topic "Don't say you know mind mapping", it seems that he should be aware of this situation, that is, people who have just come into contact find mind mapping easy, but it is not easy to achieve the ideal effect when using it. As the preface says, although the axe is simple, Lu Ban can make beautiful objects, while ordinary craftsmen can only make ordinary objects. The same is true of "mind map", the theory is not complicated, and the key lies in whether the user can use it well.

So don't say you know what the mind map is talking about.

Don't say you know mind mapping, four chapters and twenty-three chapters.

The first "theory" includes six chapters.

The first chapter, "I'm new here-how to read maps", first introduces several terms describing mind maps: central theme, main node, parent node, child node, main branch and sub-branch. Secondly, the reading order of mind map is introduced: starting from the central theme; Then, "from the upper right corner of 45 degrees, clockwise to find the internal relationship between the main branches"; Then "read the details-the father comes before the son, generally before the concrete, from the inside out"; Then, "identify connections-understand the meaning of connections across different branches"; Finally, modify and supplement. The hidden rules of "mind map" are "hierarchical relationship", "starting from the upper right corner" and "clockwise direction", which implies the inherent logical relationship.

The second chapter "Tracing to the source-the story of the invention of mind mapping": Firstly, the inventor of mind mapping is Tony Bozan of Britain. Bozan invented mind map because he found more and more knowledge to learn, more and more notes to take and more homework to write, but his memory, understanding, creativity and problem-solving ability could not support the basic requirements of learning, so he invented "mind map" in the process of thinking and finding solutions to these problems.

As for taking notes, we are all students, and we have all experienced the process of teachers talking in class and burying ourselves in desks, especially our students in China. Perhaps, students who write fast can write down everything the teacher says. However, the biggest disadvantage of this method of taking notes is that it only records what the teacher said, but can't think about the internal logical relationship of what the teacher said at the same time. Just like professional shorthand, you can accurately record all the contents of the speaker, but if you are asked what you recorded, you can hardly type it.

"Mind Map" can solve this problem, which can not only solve the problem of notes in an all-round way, but also understand the logical relationship mentioned by the teacher while recording keywords.

Chapter III "Exploring Reality-Tony Bozan Memorabilia": The core of memorabilia is association and imagination, and there are two specific methods: contact method and hook method.

Chapter four "How to be effective-theoretical explanation of mind map": This chapter first introduces the "meaningful learning theory", that is, the most important factor affecting learning is what students know. Students' study should be as meaningful as possible, if valuable. Secondly, it introduces the "cognitive load theory", that is, "when the working memory load is the least, the learning efficiency is the highest, which is most conducive to promoting the transformation from working memory to long-term memory". Thirdly, dual coding theory is introduced, that is, "presenting information in both visual and linguistic forms can enhance memory and recognition". Fourthly, Kapik's memory theory is introduced, that is, "Repetitive test can promote memory to a great extent, and extraction is the most critical link in the test, so extraction plays a very important role in consolidating learning". Mind mapping inherits the advantages of these memory theories and blends them together.

Chapter 5 "What is nonlinearity?": It has been explained that mind map is a nonlinear thinking tool invented to improve the shortcomings of linear notes. So what is "nonlinear thinking"? "Linear thinking is a linear, one-way, one-dimensional and unchanging way of thinking, such as logical thinking; Nonlinear thinking is an interconnected, non-planar, three-dimensional, non-central and borderless network structure, which is similar to human brain structure and vascular tissue, such as divergent thinking and systematic thinking. Linear thinking helps to think deeply, while nonlinear thinking helps to expand ideas and see the universal connection of things. Nonlinear thinking supports the in-depth development of linear thinking, which is the ultimate goal, and nonlinear thinking is only an auxiliary means.

Chapter VI "Target Means-New Definition of Mind Map": The author puts forward four key words to summarize the essential attributes of Mind Map: "thinking visualization, thinking stimulation, thinking arrangement and nonlinear thinking". Thinking visualization is to let thinking visualization, thinking stimulation mainly depends on association and imagination; Thinking arrangement is mainly to make information from disorder to order, reduce cognitive load by blocking information, and promote the transformation from short-term memory to long-term memory.

The author gives his own definition of "mind map": mind map is a visual and nonlinear thinking tool, which aims to promote thinking stimulation and thinking arrangement. The author gives a "concept map" of mind mapping to improve the quality of thinking, as shown in the figure:

Chapter II "Operation" includes three chapters.

Chapter 7: 1 "Form takes precedence-mind map drawing rules". Try to use white paper, depending on the number of main branches. When it is greater than or equal to 4 o'clock, put it horizontally, put the central theme in the middle, and put it vertically when it is less than or equal to 3 o'clock, and put the central theme in the middle to the left.

2. Try to replace phrases or sentences with keywords, one keyword per line, but sentences can be used when sentences are independent units of meaning.

3. Try to use the central image. Pictures and icons should be consistent with the content to be expressed, not too many, and the pictures used by child nodes should not be larger than the parent node and the central node.

4. Use curves as much as possible, with lines from coarse to fine, and the length of lines is the same as that of online keywords, so that different branches can establish contact.

5. Try to use a main color for a branch.

6. Have a logical order: you can draw wherever you want in the stage of thinking stimulation, but you should constantly adjust the hierarchical relationship and logical order between branches when organizing your thinking.

7. You can draw simple mind maps by hand, and you can use a computer when you draw complex ones. Software includes iMindmap and MindManager.

Chapter 8 "Thinking-oriented-from existence to order": we should use mind maps to stimulate thinking; we should use association and imagination to make thinking bloom and then sort it out.

Chapter 9 "Enchantment —— Several Taboos of Mind Mapping": Copying the catalogue, with too many contents, complicated connections, chaotic levels and lack of internal logic.

Chapter III "Application" includes six chapters.

Chapter 10 "Know yourself-realize self-dialogue with mind map":

Mind mapping can be used to analyze yourself, clarify your strengths and weaknesses, and find solutions;

Mind mapping can also relieve anxiety, visualize the content of your anxiety, and then prescribe the right medicine. Here, the author gives Carnegie's magic equation to overcome anxiety: step one, ask yourself "what is the worst possible situation", step two, prepare for the worst, and step three, try to improve the worst.

Mind mapping helps to cope with competition. Here, the author focuses on SWOT analysis (also known as situation analysis or advantages and disadvantages analysis): four English letters represent strength, weakness, opportunity and threat respectively. The first part is SW, which is mainly used to analyze the internal situation; The second part is OT, which is mainly used to analyze external conditions. Using this method, we can find out the factors that are beneficial to ourselves and worthy of development, as well as the things that are unfavorable to ourselves and should be avoided, find out the existing problems, find out the solutions and make clear the future development direction.

The application of mind mapping can also be summarized and reflected.

Chapter 11 "Thinking after Action-Mind Map Assisting Personal Time Management": This chapter introduces four time management methods: memorandum method, planning method, four-quadrant method and 28-year principle method. There is no need to introduce the first two, and everyone can understand the meaning literally. Four-quadrant method is a picture to understand:

The core content of the February 28th principle and method is that 80% of the results in life almost come from 20% of activities, for example, 80% of the wealth in the world is held by 20% of people. As far as time management is concerned, there are two things to do: one is trivial, which takes up most of 80% of the time, but these trivial things only bring 20% of the results; The other is a few important things that take up 20% of the time, but these things bring 80% of the results. The goal of time management is to maximize high-value time and compress low-value time.

Mind mapping can visualize all four time management methods.

Chapter 12 "Open your eyes to see the outline-mind mapping to promote learning": As can be seen from the book, the author's point of view is that mind mapping can help learning move from mechanical learning to meaningful learning.

First of all, "Listen-take notes, take notes with the mind as the guide" is not simply to remember knowledge points, but to establish various connections, including the clues of teachers' lectures, the internal connection of new knowledge itself, and the connection between old and new knowledge. For example, this history class note is a model of taking notes with mind maps:

The second is "speaking-using mind map to assist speaking (speaking)". For impromptu speech, the main difficulties are not knowing what to say (no content), not knowing how to say it (no ideas) and being flustered. Mind map can help the speaker to stimulate and organize his thinking, quickly disperse his thinking around the central theme, determine the ideas and materials related to the theme, then simplify and classify these contents, determine the logical structure of the speech, and finally allocate time according to the time of the speech to ensure that the speech is completed in detail and locally within the specified time.

The third is "reading-mind mapping to promote reading in colleges and universities". In this part, the author focuses on the methods mentioned in How to Read a Book, that is, reading is divided into four levels: basic reading, inspection reading (skimming), analytical reading and thematic reading (also called comparative reading). (Note: This official WeChat account has published several reading notes on how to read a book before. Welcome to read. The author thinks that mind mapping is a favorable tool to support analytical reading and thematic reading.

Fourth, "writing-mind map assisted writing": brainstorm with mind map before writing, arrange and adjust the structure, and make writing a process of "speaking with pictures". Using mind mapping to assist writing can not only help us to actively arouse events related to the writing theme, but also make our articles clearer in level and organization. The following figure shows the basic steps of writing mind maps:

The fifth mind map can also help to summarize and review: it can help students to define their overall goals and let them know clearly how much they have learned and how much they have not learned.

Chapter 13 "Honest Meeting-Mind Map Assisted Teaching": It can help prepare lessons, organize knowledge structure, design teaching and present knowledge.

Chapter 14 "Get twice the result with half the effort —— Mind Map Assisted Management": Mind Map can assist the management team, make work plans, organize work processes, plan meetings, improve meeting efficiency, support discussions, make meeting minutes, assist copywriting and carry out project management.

Chapter 15 "Team Transcendence-Mind Mapping Helps Learning Organization": The key of learning organization is "establishing common aspiration, team learning, changing mental model, self-transcendence, and systematic thinking". All these can be realized by mind mapping, which pays attention to the whole, structure and elements, and avoids the disadvantage of conventional thinking that "the trees are not seen"

The fourth "viewpoint" includes eight chapters.

Chapter 16 "Fighting Art with Tao —— Choice of Means of Mind Mapping": This part deserves attention: Mind mapping not only pays attention to the composition process, but also pays attention to the thinking result. Mind mapping is not an overnight process, but an iterative revision process.

Chapter 17 "Image Abstraction-What is the Visualization of Mind Mapping": The value of Mind Mapping lies in the fusion of abstract thinking and intuitive expression. But mind mapping also has limitations. Because the relationship between objects can be divided into hierarchy, classification, juxtaposition, order, association and so on. Mind mapping is good at expressing hierarchical relations, classified relations, parallel relations and sequential relations, but not good at expressing related relations, metaphors, comparisons and other relations. For relations, concept map is more suitable. Metaphor can be represented by bridge diagram in thinking diagram, comparison and contrast can be represented by double bubble diagram in thinking diagram, and the best choice for in-depth comparison and contrast of things is comparison matrix.

Chapter 18 "Right and Wrong-How to Evaluate Mind Map" contains two meanings: one is to evaluate Mind Map, and the other is to evaluate learners' mastery of knowledge and thinking depth with Mind Map.

Chapter 19 "Twin Brothers-Discrimination between Mind Map and Concept Map": The direct purpose of Concept Map is to express knowledge, and the direct purpose of Mind Map is to stimulate and organize thinking. Concept map is a tool for organizing and representing knowledge. It usually puts the related concepts of a topic in a circle or box, and then connects the related concepts and propositions with a line to express the meaning relationship between the two concepts. Mind mapping is appropriate and competent in general work such as stimulating and sorting out thinking; However, in the case of many concepts and complex relationships, concept maps can more profoundly express the knowledge system and its internal relations.

Chapter 20 "Keeping pace with the times-other visualization tools": knowledge map; Cognitive map; Thinking map;

Here we need to introduce the thought diagram, including eight kinds of diagrams, namely, circular diagram, bubble diagram, double bubble diagram, tree diagram, bracket diagram, flow diagram, complex flow diagram and bridge diagram, which the author calls "eight diagrams". The pie chart is used for brainstorming to get a sense of wholeness, the bubble chart is used to describe things, the double bubble chart is used for comparison, the bracket chart is used to represent the whole and partial relationship, the tree chart is used for classification, the flow chart is used for information sorting, the complex flow chart is used to represent and analyze causality, and the bridge chart is used to represent analogy relationship. Details are as follows:

The eight graphic methods of mind map have strong pertinence, while mind map and concept map are widely used and can be regarded as comprehensive visualization tools. Among the eight diagrams of mind map, five diagrams (circle diagram, bubble diagram, tree diagram, bracket diagram and flow diagram) can be realized by mind map, and double bubble diagram and complex flow diagram can also be realized by mind map, but some skills are needed; There are six kinds of diagrams that can be realized by concept map (circle diagram, bubble diagram, tree diagram, bracket diagram, flow diagram and complex flow diagram). The content of special bridge diagram is relatively complex, and both concept map and mind map are insufficient.

Chapter 2 1, "spreading misinformation from misinformation-mind mapping and neuromythology": In this chapter, the author mainly puts forward that mind mapping should be used as a tool, not a myth.

Chapter 22 "Reasonable Expectation-Application Effect of Mind Mapping": 1. Mind mapping is "useful" only if it is "useful"; Mind mapping can provide visual tools for thinking stimulation and thinking arrangement, but it can't provide the thinking mode itself. The ultimate goal of every user of mind map should be "master of thinking", not "master of mind map".

Chapter 23 "Unfinished Road-From Mind Mapping to Thinking Training": Because Mind Mapping itself does not provide thinking mode, it needs another means to solve the problem of thinking mode. Thinking mode is a relatively stable mapping formed by external stimuli in the brain. Thinking training is a technology to help people form an efficient thinking mode and break the existing mode to form a new thinking mode when necessary. The ultimate goal of thinking skill training is to improve thinking ability in an all-round way. Cultivate students' advanced thinking ability. Generally, advanced thinking ability is equated with advanced cognitive ability. According to Bloom's cognitive goal, knowledge, understanding and application belong to low-level cognitive ability, while analysis, synthesis and evaluation belong to high-level cognitive ability. Analysis and evaluation are more about seeking truth, more about critical thinking, more about innovation and novelty, and more about creative thinking.

Training is to focus on cultivating students with positive self-system, critical thinking and creative thinking.

How to train thinking: implicit thinking is explicit; Instrumentalization of explicit thinking; Efficient thinking automation.

I hope this detailed reading note can help readers understand mind maps. Of course, I am just a beginner, and there are still many things I don't understand. How to apply it in practice needs to be tested!