1. Land for scientific experiments
Including offices, experimental buildings, specimen rooms, libraries, experimental sites, nurseries, etc. This area is located in the corner of the park, which is convenient for external contact, but not open to the outside world, and is separated from the exhibition area to ensure the smooth progress of scientific research.
2. Living service sites, such as management areas, dormitories, canteens, garages and other service sites, can be separated from the other two areas to create another entrance.
3. Exhibition area
It generally accounts for more than 1/2 of the total area of the botanical garden. It is an important garden for popular science education, sightseeing and leisure, a major part of garden appearance, and a key area for planning and design. The arrangement of plants in the garden is roughly as follows.
(1) Divisions arranged according to plant evolution and classification system are called specific areas of plant evolution system, or systematic gardens, botanical gardens, etc. Based on the theory of plant taxonomy and a certain classification system, this special garden arranges plants in evolutionary order, reflecting the evolutionary process of the plant kingdom from low to high. It can be based on any level of taxonomic unit, such as class, order, family, genus or species. At present, there are many classification systems in use, such as Engler system, Hutchinson (john hutchinson) system, Cronquist system, Hutchinson (john hutchinson) system and Takhtajan system.
(2) The special areas arranged according to the origin of plant geography are based on plant geography. Collect plants from some parts of the world. Special areas often display plant types with special interests and their origins and distribution, such as Alpinia plants in Australia, Palmae plants in Madagascar, epiphytic pineapple plants in tropical America, bulbous plants in southwest Europe and so on. According to the geographical origin of plants or the layout of flora, special gardens can enhance people's understanding of plant species, vegetation types and natural geographical conditions around the world and deepen their understanding of plant resources around the world.
(3) Layout by vegetation type The so-called vegetation type refers to different plant communities formed according to the relationship between plants and plants and between plants and environment under different geographical environments and different climatic conditions. The special areas of vegetation types are mostly established to protect and display local plants, aiming at guiding the reconstruction and restoration of real natural habitats, which has certain scientific significance. For example, the vegetation in the serpentine area of Havana National Botanical Garden in Cuba; Vegetation in Changbai Mountain area of Jilin Changchun Forest Botanical Garden, tropical vegetation in Xishuangbanna, vegetation in low mountains and hills of Hunan Nanyue Botanical Garden, etc.
(4) According to the habitat where plants grow, special areas are arranged, and plants suitable for growing in the same habitat are used for landscaping to show the unique plant landscape of this habitat. The main body of expression is plants, and the theme of expression is different types of habitats. According to the different requirements of plants for their main environmental factors, a variety of characteristic gardens have been formed. Among them, plants can be divided into aquatic plants, hygrophytes, mesophytes and xerophytes according to their different adaptability to water. According to the requirements of plants for different soils, there are rock gardens, halophytes, desert plants and desert xerophytes. According to the different light and temperature conditions, there are shade plant areas and alpine plant areas.
(5) According to the principle of close kinship, plants with close kinship, such as families or subfamilies, the same genus and the same species, are laid out as classification standards to form plant exclusive areas. Among them, the endemic area of the same plant consists of different varieties and varieties of the plant. The theme plants in this special area (garden) often have high ornamental value in flowering period, such as Meiyuan, Chrysanthemum Garden, Peony Garden, Rose Garden, Lotus Garden, Sakura Garden and Gui Huayuan. The number of the same plant-specific areas in the botanical garden is relatively small, and most of them will introduce other species with similar kinship to form the same plant-specific areas.